Kemben

''Kemben'' (, Indonesian: ''kemban'') is an Indonesian female torso wrap historically common in Java, Bali, and other parts of the Indonesian archipelago. It is made by wrapping a piece of ''kain'' (clothes), either plain, batik printed, velvet, or any type of fabrics, covering the chest wrapped around the woman's torso.

History

Prior to the prevalence of kebaya, it is believed that ''kemben'' was the most popular and common female dress in the ancient and classical period of Java. It was commonly worn in the Majapahit era until the Mataram Sultanate. Today, this shoulder-baring garment still features in many Indonesian rituals, traditional Javanese dances or palace ceremonies in Javanese keratons.

The bare shoulders of the ''kemben'' may be regarded as a representation of aesthetics, elegance, and femininity. In recent decades, however, ''kemben'' has fallen out of favor among Javanese Muslim women as they abandoned their traditional fashion and wear Islamic clothing such as the hijab, which was previously uncommon in Indonesia. Today, the tradition of wearing kemben were preserved and kept alive in the Javanese royal court of Yogyakarta and Surakarta keratons, especially among nobles and ''abdi dalem'' (palace servants). However, in recent years, this also had stirred debate about the efforts to preserve classic Javanese court culture being contended by the growing conservative Islamism among the Indonesian Muslims community.

Uses

Traditional ''kemben'' is worn by wrapping a piece of cloth around the torso, folding and securing the edge, tying it with additional rope, and covering it with an ''angkin'', a smaller sash around the abdomen. Traditional Javanese batik ''kemben'' worn by palace ladies in keratons are mostly this type of ''kemben''. Today, there is also tight-fitted and tailored ''kemben'' secured using buttons, straps or zippers similar to the western corset. The ''kemben'' of female Javanese traditional dancers ( srimpi or wayang wong) are usually made of tailored velvet corsets.

Kemben outside Indonesia

In the Malay Peninsula, ''kemban'' is essentially a type of sarong and was a very popular style of clothing prior to the prevalence of Baju Kurung and Baju Kebaya in Malaysia. The members of the nobility used better quality and designed cloths, as well as elaborate jewelry made of gold and precious stones. They had their ''kain kelubung'' (shawl) to cover their heads from the sun and a ''kain kemban'' worn from the bust downwards to keep them cool in the tropical heat. According to the ''Malay Annals'', Sultan Mansur Shah, the sixth Malaccan ruler, banned Malay women from wearing only a ''kemban'' as it ran contrary to personal modesty based on Islamic teachings. Today, the kemban torso wrap is rarely worn in the piously Islamic Malay community of Malaysia, regarded as a relic of the past, replaced by the more modest Baju Kurung which is generally worn with tudong to comply with Islamic modesty requirements.

In Europe, it is akin to European décolletage, however, it is more indigenous by using local fabrics such as batik, ikat, songket, or tenun, and simply secured by folding and slipping the cloth edges and tying the knot. Traditionally, women wear two pieces of clothes; the lower one is wrapped around the hips covering lower parts of the body (hips, thighs, and legs) and is called as ''kain'' or ''Sarong'', while the piece that is wrapped about the upper body (chest and torso) is called ''kemben''. In the Malay Peninsula, a third piece of cloth is used to cover the head (head, shoulders, and arms) from the sun and it is called ''kain kelubung'' as shown in the pictures below.

See also

* National costume of Indonesia
* Culture of Indonesia
* Javanese culture
* Malay culture
* Kebaya
* Malaysian cultural outfits

References

{{Malaysian clothing

Indonesian clothing
Culture of Indonesia
Javanese culture
Culture of Java
Javanese clothing
History of Asian clothing