Keith Bakker
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Keith Benjamin Bakker (November 24, 1960 – April 7, 2025) was an American-Dutch
mental health Mental health is often mistakenly equated with the absence of mental illness. However, mental health refers to a person's overall emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It influences how individuals think, feel, and behave, and how t ...
practitioner and convicted criminal. He specialized in
drug rehabilitation Drug rehabilitation is the process of medical or psychotherapeutic treatment for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and street drugs such as cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines. The general int ...
and became known in the Netherlands for his addiction rehabilitation clinic, Smith & Jones, and appearances on several Dutch television programs. Bakker was sentenced to prison for the
sexual abuse Sexual abuse or sex abuse is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using physical force, or by taking advantage of another. It often consists of a persistent pattern of sexual assaults. The offender is re ...
of several of his female ex-clients, and had been detained from April 2011 to September 2014. Bakker was convicted and sentenced on March 3, 2021, on the charge of rape of a minor and sentenced to 4.5 years of imprisonment.


Personal life and death

Bakker grew up in
Westport, Connecticut Westport is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. Located in the Gold Coast (Connecticut), Gold Coast along the Long Island Sound, it is northeast of New York City and is part of the Western Connecticut Planning Region, Connec ...
. He started using
alcohol Alcohol may refer to: Common uses * Alcohol (chemistry), a class of compounds * Ethanol, one of several alcohols, commonly known as alcohol in everyday life ** Alcohol (drug), intoxicant found in alcoholic beverages ** Alcoholic beverage, an alco ...
and
drugs A drug is any chemical substance other than a nutrient or an essential dietary ingredient, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect. Consumption of drugs can be via inhalation, injection, smoking, ingestio ...
as a teenager, and used heroin for the first time on his eighteenth birthday. In the 1980s, Bakker worked as a roadie, traveling with
Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and philanthropist. Dubbed the "King of Pop", he is regarded as Cultural impact of Michael Jackson, one of the most culturally significan ...
,
Prince A prince is a male ruler (ranked below a king, grand prince, and grand duke) or a male member of a monarch's or former monarch's family. ''Prince'' is also a title of nobility (often highest), often hereditary, in some European states. The ...
, and
Bruce Springsteen Bruce Frederick Joseph Springsteen (born September 23, 1949) is an American Rock music, rock singer, songwriter, and guitarist. Nicknamed "the Boss", Springsteen has released 21 studio albums spanning six decades; most of his albums feature th ...
, among others. Bakker came to
Amsterdam Amsterdam ( , ; ; ) is the capital of the Netherlands, capital and Municipalities of the Netherlands, largest city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. It has a population of 933,680 in June 2024 within the city proper, 1,457,018 in the City Re ...
in 1985. In the following years, his addiction to drugs continued, and he contracted HIV from an infected syringe. In 1989, he came into contact with a social worker at
Youth With A Mission Youth With A Mission (typically shortened YWAM, generally pronounced ) is an interdenominational Christian mission organization with a focus on missionary work and training for Christian missions. Founded by American missionary Loren Cunningha ...
, who helped him stop using drugs, and the two got married. Subsequently, Bakker became a
music industry The music industry are individuals and organizations that earn money by Songwriter, writing songs and musical compositions, creating and selling Sound recording and reproduction, recorded music and sheet music, presenting live music, concerts, ...
manager. In 1996, Bakker relapsed into hard drug addiction. After a trial during which he threatened a police officer, he was sent to the Jellinek Clinic in Amsterdam, a drug addiction rehabilitation facility. In July 1998, he had a heart attack, which was the result of a drug overdose, but survived. A month later, Bakker had stopped using drugs after a stay in a hospital and following the Minnesota Model therapy program in
Scotland Scotland is a Countries of the United Kingdom, country that is part of the United Kingdom. It contains nearly one-third of the United Kingdom's land area, consisting of the northern part of the island of Great Britain and more than 790 adjac ...
. Bakker died from heart failure on April 7, 2025, at the age of 64.


Smith & Jones

In 2004, Bakker opened the Smith & Jones clinic for people with drug or alcohol addictions. In 2006 it became the first clinic in Europe to focus on people with a
video game addiction Video game addiction (VGA), also known as gaming disorder or internet gaming disorder, is generally defined as a behavioural addiction involving problematic, compulsive use of video games that results in significant impairment to an individual' ...
. This was a result of him attempting to find complementary treatment for an existing client who he was treating for drug addiction and devised a program specially for him after not being able to outsource aid. The clinic had locations in Amsterdam and
Wassenaar Wassenaar (; population: in ) is a municipality and town located in the province of South Holland, on the western coast of the Netherlands. An affluent suburb of The Hague, Wassenaar lies north of that city on the N44/A44 highway near the Nort ...
. In the same period, Bakker also appeared regularly on Dutch television talk shows and
reality series Reality television is a genre of television programming that documents purportedly unscripted real-life situations, often starring ordinary people rather than professional actors. Reality television emerged as a distinct genre in the early 1990s ...
. He was a frequent guest on '' Spuiten en Slikken'' as an addiction expert, as well as coaching troubled teenagers (and their families) in '' Van etter tot engel'' and ''Family Matters''. 2008 also saw the release of Bakker's biography entitled ''Pushing the Limits'', written by Dutch author Leon Verdonschot. By the end of 2009, during an interview with
NCRV NCRV (Nederlandse Christelijke Radio Vereniging) (English: Dutch Christian Radio Association) was a public radio and television broadcaster in the Netherlands, mostly transmitting on NPO 1 and NPO 2. On 1 January 2014, NCRV merged with KRO to f ...
, Bakker falsely claimed that it was thanks to his clinic that he had managed to introduce the
Twelve-Step Program Twelve-step programs are international mutual aid programs supporting recovery from substance addictions, behavioral addictions and compulsions. Developed in the 1930s, the first twelve-step program, Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), founded by B ...
to the Netherlands, which he had followed himself in Scotland, despite it already existing in the Netherlands before his clinic. Having become involved in a
renting Renting, also known as hiring or letting, is an agreement where a payment is made for the use of a good, service or property owned by another over a fixed period of time. To maintain such an agreement, a rental agreement (or lease) is sig ...
conflict, Bakker resigned as manager of Smith & Jones in September 2010. The clinic itself closed shortly afterwards.


Indictment and conviction

By the end of 2010, Bakker was accused of sexual abuse by several of his female clients. After an investigation by the Amsterdam
vice A vice is a practice, behaviour, Habit (psychology), habit or item generally considered morally wrong in the associated society. In more minor usage, vice can refer to a fault, a negative character trait, a defect, an infirmity, or a bad or unhe ...
squad, Bakker was arrested in April 2011 and was held on remand. During the trial in March 2012, Bakker admitted that he sexually abused some of his clients, but denied that the abuse involved non-consensual intercourse. In April 2012, the court convicted Bakker of sexual abuse and sentenced him to five years
imprisonment Imprisonment or incarceration is the restraint of a person's liberty for any cause whatsoever, whether by authority of the government, or by a person acting without such authority. In the latter case it is considered " false imprisonment". Impri ...
and a ten-year prohibition from executing his profession as a mental health practitioner. His clinic, Smith & Jones, had already been declared bankrupt in March 2011. Bakker was released from prison in September 2014. Bakker was arrested on new charges of rape and violating his professional ban in 2019. He was subsequently convicted on the charge of rape and sentenced to 4.5 years imprisonment on March 3, 2021. After a successful appeal, his sentence was reduced to 18 months imprisonment. Subsequently, Bakker was released from prison on July 13, 2022.


Goliath project

In 2018, Keith Bakker founded and launched the "Goliath project 2018”. The original "Goliath project" was launched in 2000 by him as well. The focus of the original Goliath project was cross-border
healthcare Health care, or healthcare, is the improvement or maintenance of health via the preventive healthcare, prevention, diagnosis, therapy, treatment, wikt:amelioration, amelioration or cure of disease, illness, injury, and other disability, physic ...
inside the
European Union The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are Geography of the European Union, located primarily in Europe. The u ...
based on Article 86 of the European treaty. As a result of his efforts, two major UK clinics,
Castle Craig Castle Craig, located on East Peak in the Hanging Hills, is constructed of trap rock and is in height and has a base in circumference. A metal interior stairway is used to ascend the observation deck on top. It stands above sea level and pro ...
and the
Priory group The Priory Group is a provider of mental health care facilities in the United Kingdom. The group operates at more than 500 sites with over 7,000 beds. Its flagship hospital is the Priory Hospital, Roehampton, which is best known for treating ...
, were able to treat Dutch patients in the United Kingdom. The Goliath project 2018 is an advocate/activist organization that is focused on medically managed addiction treatment for prisoners in the European Union. The basis for their efforts is article 3 of the EU human rights charter.


References


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Bakker, Keith 1960 births 2025 deaths 21st-century American criminals 21st-century Dutch criminals American substance abuse counselors American emigrants to the Netherlands American people convicted of rape American people imprisoned abroad American people of Dutch descent Dutch people of American descent Dutch people convicted of rape Dutch prisoners and detainees Dutch television personalities Criminals from Amsterdam Criminals from New York City Mental health professionals People from Westport, Connecticut People with HIV/AIDS Prisoners and detainees of the Netherlands Deaths from congestive heart failure in the United States