Kazma () is an ancient city in
Kuwait
Kuwait (; ar, الكويت ', or ), officially the State of Kuwait ( ar, دولة الكويت '), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated in the northern edge of Eastern Arabia at the tip of the Persian Gulf, bordering Iraq to the no ...
. It is located in
Al Jahra Governorate
Al-Jahra Governorate ( ar, محافظة الجهراء Muḥāfaẓat al-Ǧahrāʾ) is one of the six Governorates of Kuwait. It is the largest Governorate in Kuwait. It includes the town of Al-Jahra, most of the northern and western parts of ...
, north of
Kuwait City, the capital of Kuwait. It is an ancient city with a long history, known to
Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
s and
Arab
The Arabs (singular: Arab; singular ar, عَرَبِيٌّ, DIN 31635: , , plural ar, عَرَب, DIN 31635, DIN 31635: , Arabic pronunciation: ), also known as the Arab people, are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in Wester ...
s since the
Sassanid
The Sasanian () or Sassanid Empire, officially known as the Empire of Iranians (, ) and also referred to by historians as the Neo-Persian Empire, was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th-8th centuries AD. Name ...
,
Jahiliyyah
The Age of Ignorance ( ar, / , " ignorance") is an Islamic concept referring to the period of time and state of affairs in Arabia before the advent of Islam in 610 CE. It is often translated as the "Age of Ignorance". The term ''jahiliyyah' ...
and the early
Islamic
Islam (; ar, ۘالِإسلَام, , ) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centred primarily around the Quran, a religious text considered by Muslims to be the direct word of God (or ''Allah'') as it was revealed to Muhammad, the main ...
eras.
In 633 AD, the
Battle of Chains
The Battle of Sallasil ( ar, معركة ذات السلاسل ''Dhat al-Salasil'') or the Battle of Chains was the first battle fought between the Rashidun Caliphate and the Sasanian Persian Empire in April 629. The battle was fought in Kazima ( ...
between the Sassanid Empire and
Rashidun Caliphate
The Rashidun Caliphate ( ar, اَلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلرَّاشِدَةُ, al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was ruled by the first four successive caliphs of Muhammad after hi ...
was fought in Kuwait near Kazma.
[ At the time, Kuwait was under the control of the Sassanid Empire. The Battle of Chains was the first battle of the Rashidun Caliphate in which the Muslim army sought to extend its frontiers.
As a result of Rashidun victory in 633 AD, the bay of Kuwait was home to the city of Kazma (also known as "Kadhima" or "Kāzimah") in the early Islamic era.] Medieval Arabic sources contain multiple references to the bay of Kuwait in the early Islamic period.[ The city functioned as a trade port and resting place for pilgrims on their way from Iraq to Hejaz. The city was controlled by the kingdom of ]Al-Hirah
Al-Hirah ( ar, الحيرة, translit=al-Ḥīra Middle Persian: ''Hērt'' ) was an ancient city in Mesopotamia located south of what is now Kufa in south-central Iraq.
History
Kingdom of the Lakhmids
Al-Hirah was a significant city in pre- I ...
in Iraq.[ In the early Islamic period, the bay of Kuwait was known for being a fertile area.]
The Kuwaiti city of Kazma was a stop for caravans coming from Persia
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkme ...
and Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia ''Mesopotamíā''; ar, بِلَاد ٱلرَّافِدَيْن or ; syc, ܐܪܡ ܢܗܪ̈ܝܢ, or , ) is a historical region of Western Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the F ...
en route to the Arabian Peninsula. The poet Al-Farazdaq
Hammam ibn Ghalib ( ar, همام بن غالب; born c. 641; died 728– 730), most commonly known as Al-Farazdaq () or Abu Firas, was an Arab poet.
He was born in, Kazma. He was a member of Darim, one of the most respected divisions of the ...
was born in the Kuwaiti city of Kazma. Al-Farazdaq is recognized as one of the greatest classical poets of the Arabs.[
]
See also
* H3 (Kuwait)
H3 (also H3, as-Sabiyah) is an archaeological site in the Subiya Region (Kuwait) that was occupied during the second half of the sixth millennium BC. It was a cultural borderland between Neolithic Arabia and Mesopotamia. Among the finds at the s ...
* Bahra 1
Bahra 1 is an archaeological site in the Subiya region on the coast of Kuwait Bay (Kuwait) associated with the Ubaid culture. It is one of the earliest Ubaid culture settlements in the Persian Gulf region, about 5500–4900 BC.
History of res ...
* Ikaros (Failaka Island)
Ikaros ( gr, Ἴκαρος) was the Hellenistic name for what is now the Failaka Island of Kuwait. It is located southeast of the spot where the Tigris and Euphrates empty into the Persian Gulf. For thousands of years, the island served as a str ...
* Agarum
Agarum (also transliterated as Agaru or Akarum, cuneiform: ''a-kà-rum'' or ''a-ga-rum'') is a bronze-age Near Eastern proper name, probably a toponym for a region or island in the Eastern Arabia and Persian Gulf. Agarum has been generally ident ...
* Failaka Island
Failaka Island ( ar, فيلكا '' / ''; Kuwaiti Arabic: فيلچا ) is a Kuwaiti Island in the Persian Gulf. The island is 20 km off the coast of Kuwait City in the Persian Gulf. The name "Failaka" is thought to be derived from the ancien ...
* Umm an Namil Island
Umm al Namil ( ar, جزيرة ام النمل)(''Translation: Mother of ants'') is an island belonging to Kuwait, located within Kuwait Bay, in Persian Gulf. The island is at shortest, away from the Kuwaiti mainland.
The island is known to be ...
* Subiya, Kuwait
Subiya (Al-Subiyah) is a region in northern Kuwait on the north coast of Kuwait Bay (Kuwait), consisting of several micro-regions: Bahra, H3 (Jazirat Dubaji), Nahdain, Radha, Muhaita, Mughaira, Dubaij, and Ras al-Subiyah. The area features archa ...
* Shuwaikh Island
Shuwaikh Island ( ar, جزيرة الشويخ), also known as ''Akkaz Island'', is a former island of Kuwait within Kuwait Bay. The former island is now joined to Kuwait's Shuwaikh industrial area as an extension via land bridge and therefore no ...
References
Geography of Kuwait
Archaeological sites in Kuwait
History of Kuwait
{{Kuwait-geo-stub