Karrier was a British marque of motorised municipal appliances and light commercial vehicles and trolley buses manufactured at Karrier Works,

Huddersfield Huddersfield is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England. It is the administrative centre and largest settlement in the Kirklees district. The town is in the foothills of the Pennines. The River Holme's confl ...

West Yorkshire West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan counties of England, metropolitan and Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It borders North Yorkshire to the north and east, South Yorkshire and De ...

, by Clayton and Co. (Huddersfield) Limited. They began making Karrier motor vehicles in 1908 in Queen Street South, Huddersfield. In 1920, H.F. Clayton sold Clayton and Co's Huddersfield business into public listed company Karrier Motors while keeping their Penistone operation separate. Mechanical and electrical engineers Clayton & Co Penistone, remain active in 2020 as Clayton Penistone Group. Karrier produced buses as well as their other municipal vehicles and in latter years, especially during the Second World War,

Trolleybus A trolleybus (also known as trolley bus, trolley coach, trackless trolley, trackless tramin the 1910s and 1920sJoyce, J.; King, J. S.; and Newman, A. G. (1986). ''British Trolleybus Systems'', pp. 9, 12. London: Ian Allan Publishing. .or troll ...

es, notably their Karrier 'W' model. In 1934 Karrier became part of the

Rootes Group The Rootes Group was a British automobile manufacturer and, separately, a major motor distributors and dealers business. From headquarters in the West End of London, the manufacturer was based in the English Midlands, Midlands and the distribu ...

where it retained its brand identity though the business was operated as part of Rootes's Commer commercial vehicle operation. The Karrier name began to disappear from products when Chrysler bought Rootes in 1967. It was finally dropped in the early 1970s.

Ownership

Clayton and Co

Herbert Fitzroy Clayton (1857–1935), a prosperous chemicals manufacturer or drysalter and dyer, incorporated in December 1904 a company, Clayton & Co Huddersfield Limited, to own the engineering business he had carried on independently since 1899Electrical engineers, Fog-signal manufacturers, Mechanics and Engineers at Penistone and at Milnsbridge near Huddersfield Yorkshire
Clayton & Co Huddersfield Limited formed 16 December 1904 when he had left his Dixon Clayton & Co partnership. In 1908, joined by his second son, Reginald Fitzroy Clayton MIAE (1885–1964), Clayton & Co began designing and making Karrier petrol driven motor vehicles and

charabanc A charabanc or "char-à-banc" (often pronounced "sharra-bang" in colloquial British English) is a type of horse-drawn vehicle or early coach (vehicle), motor coach, usually open-topped, common in UK, Britain during the early part of the 20th ...

s which became their main business. In 1920,Karrier Motors, Limited. ''The Times'', Tuesday, 9 March 1920; pg. 22; Issue 42354. keeping Clayton & Co Penistone separate and retaining control of this new company, Clayton & Co Huddersfield was sold to a newly incorporated public listed company which they named Karrier Motors Limited. At this time the products had been: :Karrier motor lorries vans and wagons and motor charabancs : Fog signalling machines and detonators, ''Clayton Certainty Railway Fog Signal'', (manufactured at Huddersfield, 68 Victoria Street, London SW1 and Westhorpe,

Penistone Penistone ( ) is a market town and civil parishes in England, civil parish in the Metropolitan Borough of Barnsley, South Yorkshire, England, which had a population of 13,270 at the 2021 census. Historic counties of England, Historically in ...

, Yorkshire) which remained with Clayton & Co Penistone :Patents for and to manufacture the (yet to go into production) Karrier Combined Motor Roadsweeper, Sprinkler and Refuse Collector providing sanitary street cleansing in an economical manner ;Karrier Motors Limited Karrier Motors Ltd 1930

Karrier experienced financial difficulties and suffered substantial losses in the late 1920s. A plan to amalgamate T.S. Motors Limited (

Tilling-Stevens Tilling-Stevens was a British manufacturer of buses and other commercial vehicles, based in Maidstone, Kent. Originally established in 1897, it became a specialist in petrol-electric vehicles. It continued as an independent manufacturer until ...

) with Karrier agreed in August 1932 was dropped a month later without explanation. The following August 1933 Karrier tardily announced that under difficult trading conditions they had made a substantial loss during that 1932 calendar year. At the beginning of June 1934 Karrier was put into

receivership In law, receivership is a situation in which an institution or enterprise is held by a receiver – a person "placed in the custodial responsibility for the property of others, including tangible and intangible assets and rights" – especia ...

though it was also announced that business would continue while "negotiations" were completed. It was bought by Rootes.

Rootes Group

Rootes Securities, through its partly-owned subsidiaries, acquired Karrier in August 1934 when employee numbers had fallen to 700. Rootes closed the Huddersfield operation and moved production to Commer's

Luton Luton () is a town and borough in Bedfordshire, England. The borough had a population of 225,262 at the 2021 census. Luton is on the River Lea, about north-west of London. The town's foundation dates to the sixth century as a Saxon settleme ...

works but trolley-bus manufacture was moved to Moorfield Works, Wolverhampton where the same Karrier designs were to be built alongside Sunbeam Commercial Vehicles' trolley-buses.Humber, Limited. ''The Times'', Wednesday, 27 November 1935; pg. 20; Issue 47232 Tilling Stevens would eventually join the Rootes Group in 1950. ;Dodge (UK)

Dodge Brothers Dodge is an American brand of automobiles and a division of Stellantis, based in Auburn Hills, Michigan. Dodge vehicles have historically included performance cars, and for much of its existence, Dodge was Chrysler's mid-priced brand above P ...

, then a leading builder of light trucks in USA, in 1922 began to bring knocked-down kits for assembly in

Park Royal Park Royal is an area in North West London, England, divided between the London Borough of Ealing and the London Borough of Brent. It is the site of the largest business park in London, but despite intensive existing use, the area is, togethe ...

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

. Dodge Brothers became a

Chrysler FCA US, LLC, Trade name, doing business as Stellantis North America and known historically as Chrysler ( ), is one of the "Big Three (automobile manufacturers), Big Three" automobile manufacturers in the United States, headquartered in Auburn H ...

subsidiary in 1928 and truck production moved to Chrysler's car plant at

Kew Kew () is a district in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Its population at the 2011 census was 11,436. Kew is the location of the Royal Botanic Gardens ("Kew Gardens"), now a World Heritage Site, which includes Kew Palace. Kew is ...

. Dodges built there were known as " Dodge Kews" and the (partly Canadian sourced) American model cars built beside them, "Chrysler Kews". During the Second World War this Chrysler factory was part of London Aircraft Production Group and built

Handley Page Halifax The Handley Page Halifax is a British Royal Air Force (RAF) four-engined heavy bomber of the Second World War. It was developed by Handley Page to the same specification as the contemporary twin-engine Avro Manchester. The Halifax has its or ...

aircraft assemblies. Dodge (some vehicles badged Fargo or De Soto) truck production was merged with Commer and Karrier at

Dunstable Dunstable ( ) is a market town and civil parish in Bedfordshire, England, east of the Chiltern Hills, north of London. There are several steep chalk escarpments, most noticeable when approaching Dunstable from the north. Dunstable is the fou ...

in 1965. The

Public Record Office The Public Record Office (abbreviated as PRO, pronounced as three letters and referred to as ''the'' PRO), Chancery Lane in the City of London, was the guardian of the national archives of the United Kingdom from 1838 until 2003, when it was m ...

is now on the site of the Chrysler plant.

Chrysler Europe

By 1970, the Rootes Group had been taken over (in stages) by

Chrysler Europe Chrysler Europe was the American automotive company Chrysler's operations in Europe from 1967 through 1978. It was formed from the merger of the French Simca, British Rootes and Spanish Barreiros companies. In 1978, Chrysler divested thes ...

, with support from the

British Government His Majesty's Government, abbreviated to HM Government or otherwise UK Government, is the central government, central executive authority of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

which was desperate to support the ailing

British motor industry British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...

. The Dodge brand (also used by Chrysler in the USA) began to take precedence on all commercial models. The last vestige of Karrier was probably in the Dodge 50 Series, which began life badged as a (Chrysler) Dodge but with a Karrier Motor Company VIN (vehicle identification number) plate.

Peugeot and Renault

Chrysler eventually withdrew from UK operations, selling the business to

Peugeot Peugeot (, , ) is a French automobile brand owned by Stellantis. The family business that preceded the current Peugeot companies was established in 1810, making it the oldest car company in the world. On 20 November 1858, Émile Peugeot applie ...

. The new owner had little interest in heavy trucks and the factory was then run in conjunction with ''Renault Véhicules Industriels'', (then part of

Renault Renault S.A., commonly referred to as Groupe Renault ( , , , also known as the Renault Group in English), is a French Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company curr ...

though now

Volvo The Volvo Group (; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo, shortened to AB Volvo, stylized as VOLVO) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing corporation headquartered in Gothenburg. While its core activity is the production, distribution and sale of truck ...

). The combined company used the name Karrier Motors Ltd. The Karrier trademark is still in the possession of Peugeot, and it is not uncommon for vehicle marques to be reinstated.

Products

Early trucks

From the outset the Karrier vehicles used J. Tylor and Sons engines. One characteristic of the early Karrier trucks was their preference to have the engine under the footboards, thereby giving a larger proportion of the length of the vehicle over to the load bed. However in a report of 1910 they had just launched a 25cwt truck with conventional bonneted layout. In 1913 Clayton built a truck according to WD guidelines and were successful in getting it certified under the War Office Subsidy Scheme. The scheme was aimed at having vehicles in civilian use that were fit for immediate use by the military in time of war. When the war began in mid-1914 the manufacturers of certified vehicles were in a good position to supply vehicles direct to the war department, and Karrier produced their "subsidy" 3–4 ton B4 truck throughout the war. At the end of the war they continued the 3-4 ton model and added 5-ton chain driven model (the B110). In 1920 Karrier announced they had been developing their own engine for some time, and this would now be fitted in all their models. At the 1920 October Commercial vehicle show at Olympia they had their 4 and 5 ton goods models plus a road sweeper and the Karrier "Superb" char-à-banc on display. At the 1921 show they added a three-way tipper truck, and offered their other chassis models with the driver moved forward partly alongside the engine, allowing 2 foot more load bed/passenger space. In 1922 they launched their first small capacity chassis since before the war, the type C for 30cwt load, and type CX for 2 ton load or 14 seat char-à-banc. The 30cwt was certified under the post-WW1 War Department Subsidy Scheme which ran from 1922 to 1935.

Light tractor units

;Colt In 1929, Karrier started production of the "Colt" three-wheeler as a dustcart chassis for Huddersfield Corporation. In 1930, this was developed into the "Cob" tractor to haul road trailers for the

London, Midland and Scottish Railway The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMSIt has been argued that the initials LMSR should be used to be consistent with London and North Eastern Railway, LNER, Great Western Railway, GWR and Southern Railway (UK), SR. The London, Midland an ...

. Later, in 1933, Scammell produced their own, Napier designed, Scammell Mechanical Horse. In the mid-1930s, the "Cob" range was supplemented by the four-wheel "Bantam". ;Cob Described by newspapers, quoting Karrier, in 1930 as a "mechanical horse" the small "Cob" tractor was designed by J Shearman, road motor engineer for

. Its small wheels let it turn in confined spaces and manoeuvre more easily in traffic. The front wheels are lifted from the ground when the tractor is attached and it was then classed as an articulated vehicle. It was capable of pulling a three-ton load at 18 mph and capable of restarting on a gradient of one in eight. Production tractors powered by Jowett engines were displayed on the Karrier stand at Olympia's Motor Transport Show. A Karrier "Cob" Major, a 4-ton three-wheeled tractor, was also displayed.

Ro-Railer

Karrier's Ro-Railer was a hybrid single decker

bus A bus (contracted from omnibus, with variants multibus, motorbus, autobus, etc.) is a motor vehicle that carries significantly more passengers than an average car or van, but fewer than the average rail transport. It is most commonly used ...

, capable of running on both road and rail, intended for towns and villages distant from a railway. Also designed by J Shearman, road motor engineer to

it was tested by the chairman and board of directors of LM & S in January 1931 by travelling between Redbourn and

Hemel Hempstead Hemel Hempstead () is a town in the Dacorum district in Hertfordshire, England. It is located north-west of London; nearby towns and cities include Watford, St Albans and Berkhamsted. The population at the 2021 United Kingdom census, 2021 cens ...

. Though it was not a success, Karrier's road

railbus A railbus is a lightweight passenger railcar with an automotive engine. It shares many aspects of its construction with a bus, typically having a bus (original or modified) body and four wheels (2 axles) on a fixed base instead of on bogies. O ...

looked like a bus and could be changed from road to rail in 2½ to 5 minutes. With a six-cylinder engine and a body by Craven it ran at up to 50 mph. Said to be very rough-riding it ran for 1930–31 on the Stratford-on-Avon and Midland joint line. Finally it became a vehicle used to transport

track ballast Track ballast is the material which forms the trackbed upon which railroad ties (UK: sleepers) are laid. It is packed between, below, and around the ties. It is used to bear the compression load of the railroad ties, rails, and rolling stock; ...

on the

West Highland Line The West Highland Line ( – "Iron Road to the Isles") is a railway line linking the ports of Mallaig and Oban in the Scottish Highlands to Glasgow in Central Scotland. The line was voted the top rail journey in the world by readers of indepen ...

Trolleybuses

Bradford Trolleybus 735 at Black Country Living Museum - geograph

In 1925, Karrier became the first British manufacturer to produce a three-axle passenger vehicle, aided by the availability of larger pneumatic tyres, and in 1926, entered into an agreement with Clough, Smith & Co. Ltd. to produce the 'Karrier-Clough' trolley-omnibus which Clough would market. This arrangement continued until 1933, when Karrier began marketing the trolleybuses themselves. Despite receiving multiple orders in 1933–4, Karrier went into receivership, leading to the takeover by

Humber The Humber is a large tidal estuary on the east coast of Northern England. It is formed at Trent Falls, Faxfleet, by the confluence of the tidal rivers River Ouse, Yorkshire, Ouse and River Trent, Trent. From there to the North Sea, it forms ...

in 1934, thus becoming part of the Rootes Group. Trolleybus manufacture was moved to Rootes's

Sunbeam A sunbeam, in meteorological optics, is a lightbeam, beam of sunlight that appears to radiate from the position of the Sun. Shining through openings in clouds or between other objects such as mountains and buildings, these beams of light scatter ...

subsidiary's factory at Wolverhampton, where it continued up until

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

. During the periods in wartime, when production was allowed, only one model was produced, the W4, which could be badged either as Sunbeam or Karrier. Post-war, production continued briefly before the trolleybus portion of the company was sold to Brockhouse in 1946.

Rootes Group products

In the late 1950s and 1960s some Karrier vehicles were fitted with the Rootes TS3 two-stroke opposed piston diesel engine. Other engines used in this period include

Humber Hawk The Humber Hawk is a four-cylinder automobile manufactured by British-based maunufacturer Humber Limited from 1945 to 1967. Humber Hawk Mk I & II The Hawk, a re-badged Hillman 14#All new car, Hillman 14 (1938–1940) was the first Humber ca ...

4-cylinder The engine configuration describes the fundamental operating principles by which internal combustion engines are categorized. Piston engines are often categorized by their cylinder layout, valves and camshafts. Wankel engine, Wankel engines are o ...

petrol engines (L-Head and

OHC An overhead camshaft (OHC) engine is a piston engine in which the camshaft is located in the cylinder head above the combustion chamber. This contrasts with earlier overhead valve engines (OHV), where the camshaft is located below the combustio ...

Humber Super Snipe The Humber Super Snipe is a car which was produced from 1938 to 1967 by British-based manufacturer Humber Limited. Pre-war Super Snipe The Super Snipe was introduced in October 1938, derived by combining the four-litre inline six-cylinder eng ...

6-cylinder (L-Head and OHV) and Perkins Diesels. At Luton, the only designs carried over from the previous era were the three wheeler and the six-wheel trolleybus chassis. The trolleybus business became integrated with that of

Commercial Vehicles Limited following Sunbeam's purchase by the Rootes group. In 1946 J. Brockhouse and Co Limited of West Bromwich, the engineering group, bought Sunbeam Commercial Vehicles but sold the trolley-bus part of the business to Guy Motors Limited in September 1948. Under Rootes ownership, Karrier trucks were generally a smaller size than their sister

Commer Commer was a British manufacturer of commercial and military vehicles from 1905 until 1979. Commer vehicles included car-derived vans, light vans, medium to heavy commercial trucks, and buses. The company also designed and built some of its own ...

brand, with "Bantam" models using 13-inch wheels – and "Gamecock" models using 16-inch wheels – to give lower loading height. They were designed for local authorities and their varied applications, including highway maintenance tippers, refuse collection vehicles and street lighting maintenance tower wagons. Karrier trucks and chassis were also built for and supplied to airport operators and airlines for baggage handling trucks, water bowsers and toilet servicing.

Lorry or bus chassis

* A/40-110 cwt type (1908–) * B/20-110 cwt type (1910–) * C type (1922–34) *: C 14-seat or 30 cwt (1922, 1924–5) *: CK3 3 ton RSC road sweeper-collector vehicles (c.1937) *: CK6 3 ton RSC road sweeper-collectorvehicles (c.1937) *: CX 40 cwt (1922) public cleansing vehicle *: CY 40 cwt public cleansing vehicle or 20 seat (1924–27) *: CY1 (1925–) *: CY2 40cwt (1928–31) low loader refuse wagon *:: Victor 65cwt (1932) *: CY3 hand operated tipper *: CVR 50-65cwt (1930–34) low-loader *: CYR 60 cwt (1934) low loader refuse wagon *: CYS 40 cwt *: CWY 60 cwt (1926–31) *:: Protector 75/80cwt (1932–34) *: CL 20/29 seat 60 cwt e.g. Norfolk (1926) *: CY6 50cwt (1926) *: CL4 30, 26, 26/29 seat (1927–29) *: CL6 30 seat (1928) *: CV5 32 seat (1928) *: CV6 6-wheel rigid body, 65 cwt chassis (1926–) *: CL R-6WH 30 seat (1927) * K (forward control) and SK (side) type (1922–33) *: K1 60/65cwt or 28–45 seat (1922–23) *:: SK1 60/65cwt (1922–23) *: K2 70/75/80 cwt (1922–24) *:: SK2 70/75/80cwt (1922–24) *: K3 60 cwt or 28–54 seat (1922–25) *:: SK3 33/35 seat (1922–25) *: K4 80/90cwt (1922–27) *:: SK4 80cwt (1922–25) *: K5 100/110/120 cwt (1922–31) *:: SK5 100/110cwt (1922–25) *::: Consul 155cwt (1932–34) *::: Carrimore 10/12 ton, e.g. on K5 chassis (c.1936) *: KL 30/32 seat 5 ton e.g. Stafford (1926) *: K6 tractor 12 ton (1927–31) *: K7 7 ton (1928–31) *: KW6 8 ton (1929) *: KWR6 8/9 ton (1930–33) *: KWF6 8/10 ton (1930–33) * J type (1924–29) *: JH 60/65/70 cwt (1924–27) *: JK 30/32 seat 75 cwt e.g. Durham (1926) *: JKL 52 or 32 seat (1927–28) *: JKL FC 32 seat (1929) * H 18–25 seat or 50 cwt (1922–25) * Z 20/25 cwt (1925–27) *: ZX 30 cwt or 20 seat, e.g. Devon (1926–29) *: ZX2 24 seat (1927) * WD 2 ton (1924–26) * GH4 80/95cwt (1928–33) *: GH5 FC 80/100/120cwt (1929–33) *: Colossus 220/265cwt (1932–34) *: Falcon 3 ton (1934) *: Defender 5 ton (1934) *: Elector 6 ton (1934) *: Autocrat 6 ton (1934) forward drive *: Democrat 5 ton (1934)

Bus chassis

:: WL6 6-wheel rigid chassis, 5 ton, 28 passengers single or 54 passengers double deck bus :: DD6 various bus models (1929–31) :: WO6 various bus models (1929–31) :: RM6 100/120cwt (1931–32) :: FM6 100/120cwt (1931–34) :: TT tractor 12 ton (1931–33) :: Cutter 20 seat 4-wheel (1928–32) :: Coaster 28 seat 4-wheel (1928–35) :: Chaser 4 26/35 seat 4-wheel (1928–32) :: Chaser 6 26 seat (1930–5) :: Clipper 40 seat 6-wheel (1928–31) :: Consort 68 seat 6-wheel (1928–34) :: Monitor 50 seat 4-wheel double decker (1929–34)

Trolley bus chassis

* Trolley Bus (1935–) *: EA3 32-4 seat single deck 4-wheel () *: E4L 326 seat single deck 4-wheel light-eight () *: E4S 32 seat single deck 4-wheel () *: E4 56 seat double deck 4-wheel () *: E6 Clough 60 seat double deck 6-wheel () *: E6A 70 seat double deck 6-wheel () *: W4 double deck 4-wheel ()

Light goods vehicles

* Colt *: Colt 2 ton 3 wheel tractor or RSC (1930–4) *: Colt Major 4 ton 3 wheel tractor (1930–4) *: Colt (1937–39) * Cob *: Cob 50/60 cwt 3 wheel tractor (c.1930) *: Cob Junior 4 ton 3 wheel tractor or RSC road sweeper-collector (1935-9) *: Cob Major 4 ton 3 wheel tractor *: Cob Senior 6 ton 3 wheel tractor or RSC road sweeper-collector (c.1937) *: Cob Six 6 ton 3 wheel tractor (1934) * Gamecock *: Gamecock E-series 3–4 ton 6-cylinder (1950–) *: Gamecock 14 seat coach and ambulance (1954–) *: *: Karrier-Walker 12 seat bus (1958–) *: Karrier-Dennis Ambulance (1962–) *: Ramillies refuse collector (1962–) *: Karrier ice cream van (c.1962) * Bantam *: Bantam 50cwt (1933–34, 36–40) *: Bantam RSC road sweeper-collector (1933–39) *: Bantam F-series 2–3 ton (1948–63) *: Bantam FA-series 3–5 ton (1948–63) *: Bantam 4–5 ton tractor (1956–) *: Bantam tipper (1958–) *: Bantam FB-series 3 ton (1972–)

Scale models and die-cast

Meccano Ltd Meccano Ltd was a British toy manufacturing company, established in 1908 by Frank Hornby in Liverpool, England, to manufacture and distribute Meccano and other model toys and kits created by the company. During the 1920s and 1930s it became the ...

" Dinky Toys"; No. 33a, (production 1935 to 1940), "Mechanical horse", approximately 1:48 scale Several different trailers were available. * Lesney Products " Matchbox" Series; No. 37, (production 1956 to 1966), Karrier Bantam 2 Ton "

Coca-Cola Coca-Cola, or Coke, is a cola soft drink manufactured by the Coca-Cola Company. In 2013, Coke products were sold in over 200 countries and territories worldwide, with consumers drinking more than 1.8 billion company beverage servings ...

lorry", approximately 00 scale. * Lesney Products "Matchbox" Series; No. 38, (production 1957 to 1963), Karrier Bantam "refuse wagon", approximately 00 scale. *

Corgi The Welsh Corgi ( or Corgi, plural Corgis, or occasionally the etymologically consistent Corgwn; ) is a small Dog type, type of herding dog that originated in Wales. The name ''corgi'' is thought to be derived from the Welsh language, Welsh w ...

produced several models based on the Karrier Bantam between 1957 and 1967, including mobile shops, ice cream vans (some musical) and liveried delivery vans, in approximately O scale (1:44). Corgi also made a model of a Decca mobile radar based on the Gamecock. *

De Agostini De Agostini S.p.A. is an Italian holding company that coordinates the strategic operating companies De Agostini Editore, De Agostini Communications, International Game Technology, IGT, and DeA Capital, and makes financial investments, among w ...

Gamecock fire appliance HJM 349 as a water tender, 1:72 (approximately 00 scale).

Notes

References

{{Automotive industry in the United Kingdom Rootes vehicles Defunct bus manufacturers of the United Kingdom Defunct truck manufacturers of the United Kingdom Trolleybus manufacturers Former defence companies of the United Kingdom Vehicle manufacture in London Companies based in Huddersfield 1908 establishments in England Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1908