Carl Christian Ullmann (March 3, 1796 in

Epfenbach Epfenbach is a municipality in south western Germany. It is located between Heidelberg and Sinsheim in the Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, Rhein-Neckar district in the state of Baden-Württemberg. The municipality belongs to the municipal association of Waib ...

Electoral Palatinate The Electoral Palatinate was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire until it was annexed by the Electorate of Baden in 1803. From the end of the 13th century, its ruler was one of the Prince-electors who elected the Holy Roman Empero ...

January 12, 1865) was a

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

Calvinist Reformed Christianity, also called Calvinism, is a major branch of Protestantism that began during the 16th-century Protestant Reformation. In the modern day, it is largely represented by the Continental Reformed Protestantism, Continenta ...

theologian Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of ...

Biography

He studied at

Heidelberg Heidelberg (; ; ) is the List of cities in Baden-Württemberg by population, fifth-largest city in the States of Germany, German state of Baden-Württemberg, and with a population of about 163,000, of which roughly a quarter consists of studen ...

and

Tübingen Tübingen (; ) is a traditional college town, university city in central Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated south of the state capital, Stuttgart, and developed on both sides of the Neckar and Ammer (Neckar), Ammer rivers. about one in ...

, and in 1820 delivered exegetical and historical lectures at Heidelberg. He received a professorship at Heidelberg from 1821 to 1829. In 1829 he went to

Halle upon Saale Halle (Saale), or simply Halle (), is the second largest city of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It is the sixth-most populous city in the area of former East Germany after (East) Berlin, Leipzig, Dresden, Chemnitz and Magdeburg as well as th ...

as professor to teach

church history Church history or ecclesiastical history as an academic discipline studies the history of Christianity and the way the Christian Church has developed since its inception. Henry Melvill Gwatkin defined church history as "the spiritual side of t ...

, dogmatics and

symbolics Symbolics, Inc., is a privately held American computer software maker that acquired the assets of the former manufacturing company of the identical name and continues to sell and maintain the Open Genera Lisp (programming language), Lisp sy ...

, but in 1836 he returned to a chair at Heidelberg, where he taught until 1856. This work in turn cites: *

Otto Pfleiderer Otto Pfleiderer (; 1 September 1839 – 18 July 1908) was a German Protestant theologian. Through his writings and his lectures, he became known as one of the most influential representatives of liberal theology. Biography Pfleiderer was born at ...

, ''Development of Theology'' (1890) *

Willibald Beyschlag Johann Heinrich Christoph Willibald Beyschlag (5 September 1823 – 25 November 1900 in Halle an der Saale) was a German theology, theologian from Frankfurt am Main. Biography He studied theology at the Universities of University of Bonn, B ...

, ''Karl Ullmann'' (1867) * Adolf Hausrath in ''

Kleine Schriften ' is a German phrase ("short writings" or "minor works"; ) often used as a title for a collection of articles and essays written by a single scholar over the course of a career. "Collected Papers" is an English equivalent. These shorter works we ...

religionsgeschichtlichen Inhalts'' (1883). Between 1853 and 1861 he officiated as

prelate A prelate () is a high-ranking member of the Minister (Christianity), Christian clergy who is an Ordinary (church officer), ordinary or who ranks in precedence with ordinaries. The word derives from the Latin , the past participle of , which me ...

, i.e. spiritual leader, of the United Evangelical Protestant State Church of Baden (). A lifelong exponent of the "meditation school" of theology (''Vermittelungs-Theologie''), in 1828, with the help of Friedrich Wilhelm Carl Umbreit (1795–1860), he founded and edited the ''Theologische Studien'' and ''Kritiken'' in its interests. When

Julius Wegscheider Julius August Ludwig Wegscheider (27 September 177127 January 1849), was a German Protestant theologian. Life Wegscheider was born at Küblingen (now a part of Schöppenstedt, Lower Saxony). He studied theology at the University of Helmstedt, ...

and

Wilhelm Gesenius Heinrich Friedrich Wilhelm Gesenius (3 February 178623 October 1842) was a German orientalist, lexicographer, Christian Hebraist, Lutheran theologian, Biblical scholar and critic. Biography Gesenius was born at Nordhausen. In 1803 he bec ...

were denounced by Hengstenberg as rationalists, he pleaded for freedom in theological teaching (cf. his ''Theol. Bedenken'', 1830). On the other hand, he vigorously attacked

David Strauss David Friedrich Strauss (; ; 27 January 1808 – 8 February 1874) was a German liberal Protestant theologian and writer, who influenced Christian Europe with his portrayal of the "historical Jesus", whose divine nature he explored via myth. St ...

. His ''Historisch oder mythisch? Beiträge zur Beantwortung der gegenwärtigen Lebensfrage der Theologie'' (1838; 2nd edition, 1866) was a reply to Strauss's ''Life of

Jesus Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament, other names and titles, was a 1st-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the Jesus in Chris ...

'', and his criticism resulted in Strauss making numerous concessions in later works. Ullmann became second class associate member of the Royal Institute of the Netherlands in 1844, he resigned when this institute was disbanded in 1851. He joined the successor institute, the

Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (, KNAW) is an organization dedicated to the advancement of science and literature in the Netherlands. The academy is housed in the Trippenhuis in Amsterdam. In addition to various advisory a ...

as foreign member in 1855.

Works

''In Das Wesen des Christenthums'' (1845; 5th edition, 1865; English translation, 1860), Ullmann explains that

Christianity Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion, which states that Jesus in Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God (Christianity), Son of God and Resurrection of Jesus, rose from the dead after his Crucifixion of Jesus, crucifixion, whose ...

is independent of the orthodox formulas, and contends that a distinction should be made between

faith Faith is confidence or trust in a person, thing, or concept. In the context of religion, faith is " belief in God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion". According to the Merriam-Webster's Dictionary, faith has multiple definitions, inc ...

and dogmatics. His principal historical works are ''Gregor von Nazianz'' (1825; 3rd edition, 1867) and ''Die Reformatoren vor der Reformation'' (The Reformers before the Reformation, 2 volumes, 1841; 2nd edition, 1866; Eng. trans., 1854). Another well-known work is ''Die Sundlösigkeit Jesu'' (The Sinlessness of Jesus, 1854; English translation 1858 and 1870).

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Ullmann, Karl 1796 births 1865 deaths People from Rhein-Neckar-Kreis People from the Electoral Palatinate German Calvinist and Reformed theologians Heidelberg University alumni Academic staff of Heidelberg University University of Tübingen alumni Academic staff of the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences 19th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians 19th-century German Protestant theologians 19th-century German male writers German male non-fiction writers