Karl Bernhard Lehmann (27 September 1858 – 28 January 1940) was a German

hygienist Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refer ...

and

bacteriologist A bacteriologist is a microbiologist, or similarly trained professional, in bacteriology— a subdivision of microbiology that studies bacteria, typically Pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic ones. Bacteriologists are interested in studying and learnin ...

born in

Zurich Zurich (; ) is the list of cities in Switzerland, largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is in north-central Switzerland, at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich. , the municipality had 448,664 inhabitants. The ...

. He was a brother to

publisher Publishing is the activities of making information, literature, music, software, and other content, physical or digital, available to the public for sale or free of charge. Traditionally, the term publishing refers to the creation and distribu ...

Julius Friedrich Lehmann (1864–1935). Lehmann studied medicine at the

University of Munich The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (simply University of Munich, LMU or LMU Munich; ) is a public university, public research university in Munich, Bavaria, Germany. Originally established as the University of Ingolstadt in 1472 by Duke ...

, where one of his instructors was

Max von Pettenkofer Max Joseph Pettenkofer, ennobled in 1883 as Max Joseph von Pettenkofer (3 December 1818 – 10 February 1901) was a Bavarian chemist and hygienist. He is known for his work in practical hygiene, as an apostle of good water, fresh air and proper ...

(1818–1901). In 1886, he received his

habilitation Habilitation is the highest university degree, or the procedure by which it is achieved, in Germany, France, Italy, Poland and some other European and non-English-speaking countries. The candidate fulfills a university's set criteria of excelle ...

, and from 1894 to 1932 was a full professor of

hygiene Hygiene is a set of practices performed to preserve health. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), "Hygiene refers to conditions and practices that help to maintain health and prevent the spread of diseases." Personal hygiene refer ...

at the

University of Würzburg The Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg (also referred to as the University of Würzburg, in German ''Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg'') is a public research university in Würzburg, Germany. Founded in 1402, it is one of the ol ...

(emeritus 1932).Lehmann, Karl Bernhard
Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 14, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1985, , S. 71 f. He is remembered for pioneer

toxicological Toxicology is a scientific discipline (academia), discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms and the practice of diagnos ...

research he performed with Ferdinand Flury (1877–1947), of which the exposure limits of various substances encountered in the workplace were tested and defined. Their research formed a basis of what would later be known as MAK values (''Maximale Arbeitsplatz-Konzentration'') in Germany. In the field of

microbiology Microbiology () is the branches of science, scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular organism, unicellular (single-celled), multicellular organism, multicellular (consisting of complex cells), or non-cellular life, acellula ...

he was co-author with Rudolf Otto Neumann (1868–1952) of ''Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speziellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik'', a manual/textbook which over several editions described a number of new bacterial species.

Written works

* ''Atlas und Grundriss der Bakteriologie und Lehrbuch der speziellen bakteriologischen Diagnostik'' (Edition 1: Munich- 1896, from Edition 7- 1926-27: ''Bakteriologie, insbesondere bakteriologische Diagnostik''); (with Rudolf Otto Neumann) - Atlas and principles of bacteriology and textbook of special bacteriologic diagnosis. * ''Zur Psychologie und Hygiene der Genussmittel'' Würzburg, 1912 * ''Gutachten des Reichs-Gesundheitsrats, betreffend die Abwässerbeseitigung der Stadt Offenbach a. Main'' Berlin, 1913 - Opinion of the Reich Health Council, relating to sewage disposal in the city of

Offenbach am Main Offenbach am Main () is a List of cities and towns in Germany, city in Hesse, Germany, on the left bank of the river Main (river), Main. It borders Frankfurt and is part of the Frankfurt urban area and the larger Frankfurt Rhein-Main Regional Aut ...

. * ''Die Bedeutung der Chromate für die Gesundheit der Arbeiter'' Berlin, 1914 - The significance of chromate to the health of workers. * ''Kurzes Lehrbuch der Arbeits- und Gewerbehygiene'' Leipzig, 1919 - Short textbook of occupational and

industrial hygiene Occupational hygiene or industrial hygiene (IH) is the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, control, and confirmation (ARECC) of protection from risks associated with exposures to hazards in, or arising from, the workplace that may result in ...

. * ''Die deutsche Bleifarbenindustrie vom Standpunkt der Hygiene'' Berlin 1925 - The German

lead paint Lead paint or lead-based paint is paint containing lead. As pigment, lead(II) chromate (, "chrome yellow"), lead(II,IV) oxide, (, "red lead"), and lead(II) carbonate (, "white lead") are the most common forms.. Lead is added to paint to acceler ...

industry from the standpoint of hygiene. * ''Der Staub in der Industrie, seine Bedeutung für die Gesundheit der Arbeiter und die neueren Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete seiner Verhütung und Bekämpfung'' Leipzig 1925 - Industrial dust, its importance involving the health of workers and recent advances in the field for its prevention and control. * ''Über die Gesundheitsverhältnisse der Arbeiter in der deutschen keramischen insbesondere der Porzellan-Industrie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Tuberkulosefrage'' Berlin 1929 - On the health conditions of workers in the German

ceramic A ceramic is any of the various hard, brittle, heat-resistant, and corrosion-resistant materials made by shaping and then firing an inorganic, nonmetallic material, such as clay, at a high temperature. Common examples are earthenware, porcela ...

porcelain Porcelain (), also called china, is a ceramic material made by heating Industrial mineral, raw materials, generally including kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between . The greater strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to oth ...

industry with particular attention paid to the question of

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is a contagious disease usually caused by ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can al ...

* ''Frohe Lebensarbeit (Lebenserinnerungen)'' Münich, 1933 - * ''Toxikologie und Hygiene der technischen Lösungsmittel'' Berlin, 1938 (with Ferdinand Flury) - Toxicology and hygiene of industrial solvents.

References

* "Parts of this article are based on a translation of the equivalent article at the

German Wikipedia The German Wikipedia () is the German-language edition of Wikipedia, a free and publicly editable online encyclopedia. Founded on 16 March 2001, it is the second-oldest Wikipedia edition (after the English Wikipedia). It has articles, ma ...

". {{DEFAULTSORT:Lehmann, Karl Bernhard German microbiologists Hygienists Scientists from Zurich Academic staff of the University of Würzburg 1858 births 1940 deaths Swiss emigrants Immigrants to the German Empire