Kanwar Yatra

The Kanwar (or Kānvar/ Kāvaḍ) Yātrā is an annual pilgrimage of devotees of Shiva, known as ''Kānvarias'' () or "Bhole" (), to Hindu pilgrimage places of Haridwar, Gaumukh and Gangotri (Uttarakhand) and Ajgaibinath Temple in Sultanganj, Bhagalpur (Bihar) in order to fetch holy waters of Ganges River. Millions of pilgrims fetch sacred water from river Ganga and carry on their shoulders for hundreds of miles to offer it in their local Śiva shrines, or specific temples such as Pura Mahadeva temple in Baghpat district and Augharnath temple in Meerut, Kashi Vishwanath temple in Varanasi, Baidyanath temple in Deoghar, etc.

In 2024, the Kanwar Yatra was held from 22 July to 2 August. Kanwar refers to a genre of religious performances where devotees ritually carry water from a holy source in containers suspended on either side of a pole. The pilgrimage derives its name from a sacred water carrying apparatus, called kanwar, and while the source of the water is often the Ganga, it can also be its local equivalents. The offering is dedicated to Shiva, often addressed as Bhola (innocent) or Bhole Baba (innocent saint).

The yatra used to be a small affair undertaken by a few saints and older devotees until the late 1980s, when it started gaining popularity. Today, the kanwar pilgrimage to Haridwar in particular has grown to be India's largest annual religious gathering, with an estimated 30 million devotees in the 2023 and 2024 events. The devotees come from the surrounding states of Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Punjab, Bihar and some from Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Madhya Pradesh. Heavy security measures are undertaken by the government and the traffic on Delhi-Haridwar national highway ( NH-58) is diverted for the period.

Etymology

Kanwar Yatra is named after the ''kānvar'' (कांवड़), a single pole (usually made of bamboo) with two roughly equal loads fastened or dangling from opposite ends. The ''kānvar'' is carried by balancing the middle of the pole on one or both shoulders. The Hindi word ''kānvar'' is derived from the Sanskrit ''kānvānrathi'' (काँवाँरथी). ''Kānvar''-carrying pilgrims, called ''Kānvariās'', carry covered water-pots in ''kānvars'' slung across their shoulders. This practice of carrying ''Kavad'' as a part of religious pilgrimage, especially by devotees of Lord Shiva, is widely followed throughout India (see: Kavadi). Yatra means a journey or procession.

History

Kanwar Yatra is related to the churning of the ocean of milk in the Hindu Puranas. When the poison came out before amrita and the world started burning from its heat, Shiva inhaled the poison. But, after inhaling it he started suffering from the negative energy of the poison. In Treta Yuga, Shiva's devout follower Rama brought holy water of Ganga by using kanwar and poured it on Shiva's temple in Puramahadev. Thus releasing Shiva from the negative energy of the poison.

Contemporary events

In 2018, there were multiple incidents of violence and vandalism associated with Kanwar Yatra in National Capital Region and Uttar Pradesh. The Supreme Court of India made harsh remarks on such incidents. In the year 2020, Kanwar Yatra was cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic in India.

In 2021, Uttarakhand decided to suspend the yatra in light of the second wave of COVID-19 in the country india. However, Uttar Pradesh decided to move ahead with the yatra and Supreme Court of India took a suo moto case on the matter.

Bol Bam

Bol-Bam refers to pilgrimages and festivals in India and Nepal glorifying Shiva. The festivals run during the monsoon month Shraawan (July — August). After taking water from the Ganges river (or other nearby river that wind up in the Ganges) the pilgrims, known as kanwariya or Shiv Bhaktas (devotees of Shiva), are mandated to travel barefooted and in saffron robes with their kanwar (walking sticks used to hang the urns of water) for 105 km by various routes and usually in groups made of family, friends and or neighbours, and return to their own local or other more prestigious and larger Shiva Temples to pour Gangajal on Lord Shiva (Shiv Linga).

The Yatra

The month of Shraavana is dedicated to Lord Shiva and most devotees observe a fast on Mondays during the month, as it also falls during the chaturmas period, traditionally set aside for religious pilgrimages, bathing in holy rivers and penance. During the annual Monsoon season thousands of saffron-clad pilgrims carrying water from the Ganges in Haridwar, Gangotri or Gaumukh, the glacier from where the Ganges originates and other holy places on the Ganges, like Sultanganj, the only place where the river turns north during its course, and return to their hometowns, where they later perform abhisheka (anointing) the Shivalingas at the local Shiva temples, as a gesture of thanksgiving.

While most pilgrims are men, a few women also participate in yatra. Most travel the distance on foot, a few also travel on bicycles, motor cycles, scooters, mini trucks or jeeps. Numerous Hindu organizations and other voluntary organizations like local Kanwar Sanghs, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Vishwa Hindu Parishad setup camps along the National Highways during the yatra, where food, shelter, medical-aid and stand to hang the ''Kanvads'', holding the Ganges water is provided.

Smaller pilgrimages are also undertaken to places like Prayagraj and Varanasi. ''Shravani Mela'' is a major festival at Deoghar in Jharkhand, where thousands of saffron-clad pilgrims bringing holy water, from the Ganges at Sultanganj, covering a distance of 105 kilometres on foot and offer it to lord baidyanath (Shiva). Here till about 1960, the yatra was confined to a few saints, old devotees, and rich Marwaris of neighbouring cities, and the phenomenon has seen considerable rise in the recent years. Choudhary, p. 29

See also

* Famous Hindu yatras
* Hindu pilgrimage sites in India
* List of Hindu festivals
* Padayatra
* Ratha Yatra
* Tirtha
* Tirtha and Kshetra

References

Further reading

*

{{Shaivism

Hindu festivals
Shaivism
Haridwar
Culture of Uttarakhand
Culture of Uttar Pradesh
Culture of Bihar
Religious festivals in India