Kalo Bhari ( Nepali: कालो भारी): is a type of forced labor in the era of the

Namgyal dynasty Namgyal dynasty may refer to these former dynasties in India: * Namgyal dynasty of Sikkim * Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh See also * Namgyal (disambiguation) * Chogyal The Chogyal ("Dharma Kings", ) were the monarchs of the former Kingdom o ...

Sikkim Sikkim ( ; ) is a States and union territories of India, state in northeastern India. It borders the Tibet Autonomous Region of China in the north and northeast, Bhutan in the east, Koshi Province of Nepal in the west, and West Bengal in the ...

where people were propelled to carry load of

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...

consignment to the

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With population of China, a population exceeding 1.4 billion, it is the list of countries by population (United Nations), second-most populous country after ...

via

Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...

. Ethnologically Kalo Bhari is a Nepali word which means black loads. It was very despotic system during Zamindari or the landlords reign in Sikkim where the citizens were subjected to all kinds of hardships.

Evolution of the Kalo Bhari system

The evolution of this practice was started in Sikkim after the contact with the

British India The provinces of India, earlier presidencies of British India and still earlier, presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in South Asia. Collectively, they have been called British India. In one form or another ...

. The literary meaning of the term Kalo Bhari in Nepali is Black Load. KALO BHARI lack Loadwas the name given to a special consignment compactly packed in black tarpaulin. The British sold arms and ammunitions to Tibet. The terrain and the inclement weather condition made the trading difficult. The commodities to save them from rain and snow were wrapped in card boards and put inside gunny bags bedaubed with tar. The tar protected the commodities from outside rain, and it also hid the commodities within. The black colour gave the load its local name Kalo Bhari or black load.

References

History of taxation in India Legal codes South Asia Economy of British India Sikkim Sikkim monarchy Monarchs of Sikkim {{British-Empire-stub