Kalnik (river)
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The Kalnik () is a 41 km-long river in northern
Bulgaria Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern portion of the Balkans directly south of the Danube river and west of the Black Sea. Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey t ...
, a right tributary of the river Vit, itself a right tributary of the
Danube The Danube ( ; see also #Names and etymology, other names) is the List of rivers of Europe#Longest rivers, second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga in Russia. It flows through Central and Southeastern Europe, from the Black Forest sou ...
.


Geography

The Kalnik takes its source from the Tolev Spring at an altitude of 677 m, on the southern foothills of the Mikrene Heights of the fore-Balkan, some 1.5 km north of the village of Borima. Throughout its whole course the river flows westwards with a slight deviation to the north in a wide valley between the Mikrene Heights to the north and the Vasilyovska Mountain to the south. It flows into the Vit at an altitude of 250 m at the Boaza locality, south village of Peshterna. Its drainage basin covers a territory of 263 km2 or 8.2% of the Vit's total. The Kalnik has rain, snow and karst spring feed with high water in April–June and low water in July–October. The average annual discharge is 0.96 m3/s.


Settlements and economy

The river flows entirely in
Lovech Province Lovech Province (, former name Okrug, Lovech okrug) is one of the 28 provinces of Bulgaria, lying at the northern centre of the country. It is named after its main city: Lovech. As of December 2009, the population of the area was151,153.
. There are three villages along its course: Staro Selo in Troyan Municipality, Vasilkova Mahala in Slavshtitsa, Ugarchin Municipality and Balgarski Izvor in Teteven Municipality. Its waters are utilized for irrigation. The Sopot Reservoir with a volume of 61.8 million m3 is located in its upper course. There are two roads of the national network though the Kalnik valley, a 12.3 km stretch of the first class I-4 road Yablanitsa
Veliko Tarnovo Veliko Tarnovo (, ; "Great Tarnovo") is a city in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province. It is the historical and spiritual capital of Bulgaria. Often referred to as the "''City of the Tsars''", Velik ...
Varna Varna may refer to: Places Europe *Varna, Bulgaria, a city ** Varna Province ** Varna Municipality ** Gulf of Varna ** Lake Varna **Varna Necropolis * Vahrn, or Varna, a municipality in Italy * Varna (Šabac), a village in Serbia Asia * Var ...
between Boaza and the village of Sopot, Lovech Province, and a 16 km section of the third class III-402 road Sopot–
Troyan Troyan ( ) is a town remembering the name of Roman Emperor Trajan, in Lovech Province in central Bulgaria . It is the administrative centre of the homonymous Troyan Municipality. The town is about away from the country capital Sofia. The river ...
between Sopot and Staro Selo.


Citations


References

* {{cite book , ref={{harvid, Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria, 1980 , title = Географски речник на България , trans-title = Geographic Dictionary of Bulgaria , last1 = Мичев (Michev) , first1 = Николай (Nikolay) , last2 = Михайлов (Mihaylov) , first2 = Цветко (Tsvetko) , last3 = Вапцаров (Vaptsarov) , first3 = Иван (Ivan) , last4 = Кираджиев (Kiradzhiev) , first4 = Светлин (Svetlin) , chapter = , year = 1980 , language = Bulgarian , publisher = Наука и култура (Nauka i kultura) , location = София (Sofia) , isbn = Rivers of Bulgaria Landforms of Lovech Province