The Kalem Company was an early American
film studio
A film studio (also known as movie studio or simply studio) is a major entertainment company that makes films. Today, studios are mostly financing and distribution entities. In addition, they may have their own studio facility or facilities; how ...
founded in
New York City
New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each coextensive w ...
in
1907
Events
January
* January 14 – 1907 Kingston earthquake: A 6.5 Moment magnitude scale, Mw earthquake in Kingston, Jamaica, kills between 800 and 1,000.
February
* February 9 – The "Mud March (suffragists), Mud March", the ...
. It was one of the first companies to make films abroad and to set up winter production facilities, first in Florida and then in California. Kalem was sold to
Vitagraph Studios
Vitagraph Studios, also known as the Vitagraph Company of America, was a United States motion picture studio. It was founded by J. Stuart Blackton and Albert E. Smith in 1897 in Brooklyn, New York, as the American Vitagraph Company. By 1907 ...
in 1917.
Formation and history
The Kalem Company was founded by
George Kleine
George Kleine (1864June 8, 1931) was an American film producer and distributor and cinema pioneer.
Biography
Klein's father, Charles, was a New York optician who sold optical devices and stereopticons. Klein joined the family firm, moving t ...
, Samuel Long, and
Frank J. Marion. The company was named for their initials K, L, and M.
Kalem immediately joined other studios in the
Motion Picture Patents Company
The Motion Picture Patents Company (MPPC, also known as the Edison Trust), founded in December 1908 and effectively terminated in 1915 after it lost a United States v. Motion Picture Patents Co., federal antitrust suit, was a trust (19th century), ...
that held a monopoly on production and distribution. Frank Marion had been the sales manager at
Biograph Studios
Biograph Studios was an early film studio and laboratory complex, built in 1912 by the Biograph Company at 807 East 175th Street, in The Bronx, New York City, New York, which was preceded by two locations in Manhattan.
History
841 Broadway ...
and Samuel Long was the manager of the Biograph production facility at
Hoboken, New Jersey
Hoboken ( ; ) is a City (New Jersey), city in Hudson County, New Jersey, Hudson County in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Hoboken is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the site of Hoboken Terminal, a major transportation hub. As of the ...
. Needing to raise more capital, the two experienced
filmmaker
Filmmaking or film production is the process by which a Film, motion picture is produced. Filmmaking involves a number of complex and discrete stages, beginning with an initial story, idea, or commission. Production then continues through screen ...
s approached
Chicago
Chicago is the List of municipalities in Illinois, most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and in the Midwestern United States. With a population of 2,746,388, as of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, it is the List of Unite ...
businessman George Kleine to come in as a partner. Kleine, already a successful film distributor, was involved only a short time but it was a profitable investment for him as his partners were soon successful enough to buy out his shares at a considerable premium.
The company began operations from a small office in a loft building at 131 West 24th Street in New York City. The partners were able to lure general manager and director
Sidney Olcott
Sidney Olcott (born John Sidney Allcott; September 20, 1872 – December 16, 1949) was a Canadian-born film producer, director, actor and screenwriter.
Biography
Born John Sidney Allcott in Toronto, he became one of the first great dire ...
away from Biograph. Olcoltt eventually became the Kalem Company's president and was rewarded with one share of its stock. Kalem had no indoor studios, so most of its films were shot on location. In February 1907, the company made its first motion picture, titled ''The Sleigh Belle''. While Kalem scored successes in their first year, the rate of production at the once-powerful Biograph stagnated, hampered by the loss of important personnel.
Olcott leadership
Under the direction of Sidney Olcott, Kalem made a number of significant films, including the first adaptation of ''
Ben Hur'' and the following year, ''
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
''Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde'' is an 1886 Gothic fiction, Gothic horror fiction, horror novella by Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson. It follows Gabriel John Utterson, a London-based legal practitioner who investigates a series ...
''. In 1910 Olcott gave actress
Alice Joyce her first acting job in his production of ''The Deacon's Daughter''.

The one-reel version of ''Ben Hur'' – in which
Manhattan Beach, Brooklyn was used as the location for
the Holy Land
The term "Holy Land" is used to collectively denote areas of the Southern Levant that hold great significance in the Abrahamic religions, primarily because of their association with people and events featured in the Bible. It is traditionally ...
– was made without obtaining the rights to the book, the usual procedure in the industry at the time, and Kalem was sued by the estate of the author,
Lew Wallace
Lewis Wallace (April 10, 1827February 15, 1905) was an American lawyer, Union general in the American Civil War, governor of New Mexico Territory, politician, diplomat, artist, and author from Indiana. Among his novels and biographies, Walla ...
. After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled against Kalem in 1911 in ''
Kalem Co. v. Harper Bros.'', they reached a settlement which paid the estate $25,000 – an extremely large amount for the time.
The action helped to establish the necessity for film studios to obtain the motion picture rights for the properties they wished to utilize.
[ p.12]
In 1910 the company shot a film in
Ireland
Ireland (, ; ; Ulster Scots dialect, Ulster-Scots: ) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean, in Northwestern Europe. Geopolitically, the island is divided between the Republic of Ireland (officially Names of the Irish state, named Irelan ...
, making Kalem the first movie studio to travel outside the United States to film
on location. As director, Olcott headed a small team in Ireland: Kalem's leading lady and principal screenwriter,
Gene Gauntier, and cameraman
George Hollister. There, they filmed ''
A Lad from Old Ireland
''The Lad from Old Ireland'', also called ''A Lad from Old Ireland'', is a one-reel 1910 United States, American motion picture directed by and starring Sidney Olcott and written by and co-starring Gene Gauntier. It was the first film appearanc ...
'' in
Cork
"Cork" or "CORK" may refer to:
Materials
* Cork (material), an impermeable buoyant plant product
** Stopper (plug), or "cork", a cylindrical or conical object used to seal a container
*** Wine cork an item to seal or reseal wine
Places Ireland
* ...
area plus a scenic film ''
The Irish Honeymoon'' shot in
Blarney Castle,
Glengarriff
Glengarriff () is a village of approximately 200 people on the N71 national secondary road in the Beara Peninsula of County Cork, Ireland. Known internationally as a tourism venue, it has a number of natural attractions. It sits at the northe ...
,
Gap of Dunloe, the
Lakes of Killarney and
Dublin
Dublin is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. Situated on Dublin Bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, and is bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, pa ...
. After the team went to Germany to film
The Little Spreewald Maiden, a love story in the
Spreewald with
Gauntier and
Olcott in the lead characters.
Olcott and others from the studio -
Alice Hollister,
Agnes Mapes,
Jack J. Clark
Jack J. Clark (September 23, 1879 – April 12, 1947) was an American director and actor of the early motion picture industry. Biography
Clark was born on September 23, 1879, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was persuaded to enter motion pictures ...
,
Robert G. Vignola
Robert G. Vignola (born Rocco Giuseppe Vignola, August 7, 1882 – October 25, 1953) was an Italian-American actor, screenwriter, and film director. A former stage actor, he appeared in many motion pictures produced by Kalem Company and later mov ...
,
J.P. McGowan,
Arthur Donaldson - returned to Ireland for most of the summer in the next two years. The ''O'Kalems'', as the American entourage were affectionately dubbed, made such Irish films as ''
Rory O'More
Rory Oge O'More (; – 30 June 1578) was an Irish noble and chief of the O'More clan. As the Lord of Laois, he rebelled against the Tudors' sixteenth-century conquest of Gaelic Ireland.
Irish nationalists Patrick Pearse and Philip O'Su ...
'', ''
The Vagabonds'', ''
You Remember Ellen'', ''
The Colleen Bawn
''The Colleen Bawn, or The Brides of Garryowen'' is a melodramatic Play (theatre), play written by Irish people, Irish playwright Dion Boucicault. It was first performed at Laura Keene's Theatre, New York City, New York, on 27 March 1860 with ...
'', one of the first American three-reels (40 minutes). 22 films in total for Kalem.
Later on, the outbreak of
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
prevented Olcott, who had resigned from Kalem and shot films for himself, from following through with his plans to build a permanent studio in
Beaufort,
County Kerry
County Kerry () is a Counties of Ireland, county on the southwest coast of Republic of Ireland, Ireland, within the Provinces of Ireland, province of Munster and the Southern Region, Ireland, Southern Region. It is bordered by two other countie ...
.
Galvanized by the success of Irish films,
Frank J. Marion decided on a more ambitious expedition: send a crew to
Egypt
Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...
and
Palestine
Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...
to shoot films, about thirty or so. Company stayed in
Luxor
Luxor is a city in Upper Egypt. Luxor had a population of 263,109 in 2020, with an area of approximately and is the capital of the Luxor Governorate. It is among the List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, oldest continuously inhabited c ...
, shot melodramas with titles such as ''
An Arabian Tragedy'', ''
Captured by Bedouins'', ''
Tragedy of the Desert'', ''
A Prisoner of the Harem'' and documentaries the pulsing life on the Nile.
But the great ambition of Kalem's expedition is the shooting of the first five-reel film. Titled ''
From the Manger to the Cross
''From the Manger to the Cross or Jesus of Nazareth'' (often shortened to simply ''From the Manger to the Cross'') is a 1912 American drama (film and television), drama film directed by Sidney Olcott, written by Gene Gauntier (who also portrays ...
'', it told the life story of
Jesus
Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament, other names and titles, was a 1st-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the Jesus in Chris ...
. According to
Turner Classic Movies
Turner Classic Movies (TCM) is an American movie channel, movie-oriented pay television, pay-TV television network, network owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. Launched in 1994, Turner Classic Movies is headquartered at Turner's Techwood broadcas ...
, it is considered the most important silent film to deal with the life of Christ. In 1998 the film was selected for the
National Film Registry
The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) collection of films selected for preservation (library and archival science), preservation, each selected for its cultural, historical, and aestheti ...
of the United States
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C., serving as the library and research service for the United States Congress and the ''de facto'' national library of the United States. It also administers Copyright law o ...
.
Kalem was also one of the first studios to regularly film year-round by setting up facilities in
Florida
Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...
during the winter. The Florida company consisted of Sidney Olcott,
George Hollister, cameraman; Allen Farnham, scenic artist; Arthur Clough, property man;
Gene Gauntier scenarist and leading actress;
Jack J. Clark
Jack J. Clark (September 23, 1879 – April 12, 1947) was an American director and actor of the early motion picture industry. Biography
Clark was born on September 23, 1879, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was persuaded to enter motion pictures ...
, leading male actor;
Robert Vignola, the bad guy;
J.P. McGowan, another leading actor;
Alice Hollister and Ethel Eastcourt.
Expansion
In the fall of 1910, Kalem began organizing other studio locations. In November 1910, William Wright, company treasurer, was sent to the
West Coast to assess the feasibility of a permanent studio for the making of
Western
Western may refer to:
Places
*Western, Nebraska, a village in the US
*Western, New York, a town in the US
*Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
*Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia
*Western world, countries that id ...
style films. Wright saw the potential and after given the go-ahead from head office he acquired a property in Verdugo Canyon in
Glendale and a permanent crew was dispatched from New York City. Headed by director
Kenean Buel, his crew consisted of star actress
Alice Joyce,
George Melford
George H. Melford (born George Henry Knauff, February 19, 1877 – April 25, 1961) was an American stage and film actor and director. Often taken for granted as a director today, the stalwart Melford's name by the 1920s was, like Cecil B. DeMil ...
,
Jane Wolfe
Sarah Jane Wolfe (March 21, 1875 – March 29, 1958) was an American silent film character actress who is considered an important female figure in Thelema. She was a friend and a colleague of Aleister Crowley and a founding member of Agape Lod ...
,
Frank Lanning
Frank Lanning (August 14, 1872 – June 17, 1945) was an American actor of the silent era. He appeared in 84 films between 1910 and 1934. He was born in Marion, Iowa and died in Los Angeles, California. Lanning's film debut came in ''The Mended ...
, Howard Oswald, Frank Brady, Knute Rahmn,
Francelia Billington
Francelia Billington (February 1, 1895 – November 24, 1934) was an early American silent-screen actress, and an accomplished camera operator.
Early life
On February 1, 1895, Billington was born in Dallas, Texas, the daughter of James Billingt ...
and Daisy Smith.
With films from the Western genre much in demand, in 1911, a second California studio was opened in
Santa Monica
Santa Monica (; Spanish language, Spanish: ''Santa Mónica'') is a city in Los Angeles County, California, Los Angeles County, situated along Santa Monica Bay on California's South Coast (California), South Coast. Santa Monica's 2020 United Sta ...
with actors
Ruth Roland,
Marin Sais
Marin Sais (born Mae Smith; August 2, 1890 – December 31, 1971) was an American actress whose career was most prolific during the silent film era of the 1910s and 1920s. Sais' acting career spanned over four decades and she is possibly best ...
,
Ed Coxen, and
Marshall Neilan
Marshall Ambrose "Mickey" Neilan (April 11, 1891 – October 27, 1958; also credited Marshall Neilon) was an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter, whose work in films began in the early Silent film, silent era.
Early life
Born ...
taken under contract. The Santa Monica facility eventually would be used to make comedies.
In December
1912
This year is notable for Sinking of the Titanic, the sinking of the ''Titanic'', which occurred on April 15.
In Albania, this leap year runs with only 353 days as the country achieved switching from the Julian to Gregorian Calendar by skippin ...
, after successful "air tests", Kalem sent a troupe of players and a crew headed by McGowan to
Birmingham, Alabama
Birmingham ( ) is a city in the north central region of Alabama, United States. It is the county seat of Jefferson County, Alabama, Jefferson County. The population was 200,733 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, making it the List ...
where the
Lubin Manufacturing Company
The Lubin Manufacturing Company was an American motion picture production company that produced silent films from 1896 to 1916. Lubin films were distributed with a Liberty Bell trademark.
*
*
History
The Lubin Manufacturing Company was forme ...
had briefly begun producing films. They took over lodgings and an outdoor stage at the Bluff Park Hotel on
Shades Mountain south of the city.
Kalem operated in Glendale and Santa Monica until October 1913 when they took over the
Essanay Studios
Essanay Studios, officially the Essanay Film Manufacturing Company, was an early American motion picture studio. The studio was founded in 1907 in Chicago by George Kirke Spoor and Gilbert M. Anderson, originally as the Peerless Film Manufactu ...
property at 1425 Fleming Street (now, Hoover Street) in the east
Hollywood
Hollywood usually refers to:
* Hollywood, Los Angeles, a neighborhood in California
* Hollywood, a metonym for the cinema of the United States
Hollywood may also refer to:
Places United States
* Hollywood District (disambiguation)
* Hollywood ...
.
Notable serials
In November 1914, Kalem released the first of 119 episodes of the
serial ''
The Hazards of Helen'', releasing a new segment every Saturday until February 1917. Each segment had a self-contained story, so it was more of a
film series
A film series or movie series is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe, or are marketed as a series. It is a type of series fiction.
This article explains what film series are and gives brief examples ...
than a serial.
Helen Holmes played the lead character "Helen" and did most of her own stunts in the first 26 episodes until she and director
J. P. McGowan left to set up their own film production company. The two began a relationship while working on the serial that led to marriage. Director
J. Gunnis Davis (billed as James Davis) took over and Elsie McLeod substituted in episodes 27–49 until a permanent "Helen" could be found for the remainder in the form of
Helen Gibson
Helen Gibson (born Rose August Wenger; August 27, 1892 – October 10, 1977) was an American film actress, vaudeville performer, radio performer, film producer, Horse riding stunts, trick rider, and rodeo performer; and is considered to be the f ...
.
On the heels of the immediate success of ''The Hazards of Helen'', Kalem Studios simultaneously produced another 16-episode action/adventure series they released in October 1915 called ''The Ventures of Marguerite'' starring
Marguerite Courtot.
Final changes
In the fall of 1912, Sidney Olcott resigned to work for independent companies.
Allan Dwan
Allan Dwan (born Joseph Aloysius Dwan; April 3, 1885 – December 28, 1981) was a pioneering Canadian-born American motion picture director, producer, and screenwriter.
Early life
Born Joseph Aloysius Dwan in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Dwan was ...
joined Kalem for a short time, as did
Mary Pickford
Gladys Louise Smith (April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979), known professionally as Mary Pickford, was a Canadian-American film actress and producer. A Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood, pioneer in the American film industry with a Hollywood care ...
, who also directed films in 1913. Over the years, Kalem contracted various other directors such as actor-turned-directors
Robert Vignola and
J. P. McGowan,
George Melford
George H. Melford (born George Henry Knauff, February 19, 1877 – April 25, 1961) was an American stage and film actor and director. Often taken for granted as a director today, the stalwart Melford's name by the 1920s was, like Cecil B. DeMil ...
, as well as
James W. Horne, Rube Miller,
William Beaudine
William Washington Beaudine (January 15, 1892 – March 18, 1970) was an American film director. He was one of Hollywood's most prolific directors, turning out a remarkable 179 feature-length films in a wide variety of genres.
He is best know ...
,
Harry F. Millarde, and
Robert Ellis. In 1917, after having made close to 1500 motion pictures, the Kalem Company was sold to
Vitagraph Studios
Vitagraph Studios, also known as the Vitagraph Company of America, was a United States motion picture studio. It was founded by J. Stuart Blackton and Albert E. Smith in 1897 in Brooklyn, New York, as the American Vitagraph Company. By 1907 ...
.
Notable figures of Kalem

*
Frank J. Marion
*
Samuel S. Long
*
George Kleine
George Kleine (1864June 8, 1931) was an American film producer and distributor and cinema pioneer.
Biography
Klein's father, Charles, was a New York optician who sold optical devices and stereopticons. Klein joined the family firm, moving t ...
*
Sidney Olcott
Sidney Olcott (born John Sidney Allcott; September 20, 1872 – December 16, 1949) was a Canadian-born film producer, director, actor and screenwriter.
Biography
Born John Sidney Allcott in Toronto, he became one of the first great dire ...
*
Robert G. Vignola
Robert G. Vignola (born Rocco Giuseppe Vignola, August 7, 1882 – October 25, 1953) was an Italian-American actor, screenwriter, and film director. A former stage actor, he appeared in many motion pictures produced by Kalem Company and later mov ...
*
Joe Santley
*
Gene Gauntier
*
Jack J. Clark
Jack J. Clark (September 23, 1879 – April 12, 1947) was an American director and actor of the early motion picture industry. Biography
Clark was born on September 23, 1879, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He was persuaded to enter motion pictures ...
*
Arthur Donaldson
*
J.P. McGowan
*
George K. Hollister
*
Alice Hollister
*
George Melford
George H. Melford (born George Henry Knauff, February 19, 1877 – April 25, 1961) was an American stage and film actor and director. Often taken for granted as a director today, the stalwart Melford's name by the 1920s was, like Cecil B. DeMil ...
*
Kenean Buel
*Allen Farnham
*
Alice Joyce
*
Miriam Cooper
*
Carlyle Blackwell
Carlyle Blackwell (January 20, 1884 – June 17, 1955) was an American silent film actor, film director, director and film producer, producer.
Early years
Blackwell was born in Troy, Pennsylvania. He studied at Cornell University before J. Stewa ...
*
Marshall Neilan
Marshall Ambrose "Mickey" Neilan (April 11, 1891 – October 27, 1958; also credited Marshall Neilon) was an American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter, whose work in films began in the early Silent film, silent era.
Early life
Born ...
*
Helen Holmes
*
Agnes Mapes
*
Ruth Roland
*
Lloyd Hamilton
*
Marin Sais
Marin Sais (born Mae Smith; August 2, 1890 – December 31, 1971) was an American actress whose career was most prolific during the silent film era of the 1910s and 1920s. Sais' acting career spanned over four decades and she is possibly best ...
*
Louis Kalem ought and died in bolonga Italy 1944h1>
Filmography
*''
The Sleigh Belle'' (1907), made in February 1907, the company's first film
*''
Ben Hur'' (1907)
*''
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1909 film)'', after a
Selig Polyscope's ''
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1908 film)''
*''
The Octoroon'' (1909)
*''
The Seminole's Vengeance''
*''
A Florida Feud''
*''
A Poor Wife's Devotion'' (1909)
*''The Mystic Swing'' (1909)
*''
A Pig in a Poke'' (1909)
*''The Little Angel of Roaring Springs'' (1909)
*''
The Old Soldier's Story'' (1908)
*''
A Priest of the Wilderness'' (1909), depicting father Jogues' mission to the Iroqouis
*''Mardi Gras in Havana'' (1998)
*''
The Drummer Girl of Vicksburg
''The Drummer Girl of Vicksburg'' is a Lost film, lost 1912 silent film, silent motion picture produced by Kalem Company of New York City and filmed in Jacksonville, Florida. With a storyline set in the 1860s, during the American Civil War, the ...
'' (1912)
*''
The Confederate Ironclad
''The Confederate Ironclad'' is a 1912 short spy film set during the American Civil War. The " one-reeler" stars Guy Coombs, Anna Q. Nilsson and Miriam Cooper. It was released 50 years after the famous Battle of the ''Monitor'' and ''Merrimack'' ...
'' (1912)
*''
The Deacon's Daughter'' (1910), debut film of
Alice Joyce
*''
A Lad from Old Ireland
''The Lad from Old Ireland'', also called ''A Lad from Old Ireland'', is a one-reel 1910 United States, American motion picture directed by and starring Sidney Olcott and written by and co-starring Gene Gauntier. It was the first film appearanc ...
'' shot on location in Cork
*''
The Irish Honeymoon''
*''
The Little Spreewald Maiden'' shot in Germany
*''
Rory O'More
Rory Oge O'More (; – 30 June 1578) was an Irish noble and chief of the O'More clan. As the Lord of Laois, he rebelled against the Tudors' sixteenth-century conquest of Gaelic Ireland.
Irish nationalists Patrick Pearse and Philip O'Su ...
''
*''
The Vagabonds'' (1912)
*''
You Remember Ellen''
*''
The Colleen Bawn
''The Colleen Bawn, or The Brides of Garryowen'' is a melodramatic Play (theatre), play written by Irish people, Irish playwright Dion Boucicault. It was first performed at Laura Keene's Theatre, New York City, New York, on 27 March 1860 with ...
''
*''
An Arabian Tragedy''
*''
Captured by Bedouins''
*''
Tragedy of the Desert''
*''
A Prisoner of the Harem''
*''
From the Manger to the Cross
''From the Manger to the Cross or Jesus of Nazareth'' (often shortened to simply ''From the Manger to the Cross'') is a 1912 American drama (film and television), drama film directed by Sidney Olcott, written by Gene Gauntier (who also portrays ...
'', a film about
Jesus Christ
Jesus (AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ, Jesus of Nazareth, and many Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament, other names and titles, was a 1st-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the Jesus in Chris ...
*''
The Hazards of Helen'', a serial
*''
The Ventures of Marguerite'', a serial
*''
The Japanese Invasion'' (1909), inspired by ''
An Englishman's House''
*''
A Child of the Sea'' (1909)
*''The Omnibus Taxicab'' (1909)
*''$5000 Reward'' (1909)
*''Love's Triumphs'' (1909)
*''
The Drunkard's Daughter''
References
Notes
Further reading
* Tracy, Tony (2016) ''Outside the System: Gene Gauntier and the Consolidation of Early American Cinema,'' ''Film History'', Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 71–106
* Michel Derrien, ''Aux origines du cinéma irlandais: Sidney Olcott, le premier oeil'', TIR 2013.
Film
passion'' a documentary on ''From the Manger to the Cross'', directed by Philippe Baron, France, 2009, 55 minutes, produced by Vivement lundi !
External links
Kalem Company filming in Ireland* {{in lang, fr}
Sidney Olcott, le premier oeil
American companies established in 1907
American companies disestablished in 1917
Mass media companies established in 1907
Mass media companies disestablished in 1917
Defunct American film studios
Articles containing video clips
Silent film studios
1907 establishments in New York City
1917 disestablishments in California
Film production companies of the United States
1917 mergers and acquisitions
Early film in Fort Lee, New Jersey