Kaimbwala is a Non Sectoral Village in Northern Periphery (now under local civic body

Municipal Corporation Chandigarh The Municipal Corporation Chandigarh (MCC), also known as Chandigarh Municipal Corporation, is the civic body that governs the city of Chandigarh, the capital of Punjab and Haryana. History The Municipal Corporation of Chandigarh, India was ...

) situated near foothills of the

Shivaliks The Sivalik Hills, also known as the Shivalik Hills and Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas that stretches over about from the Indus River eastwards close to the Brahmaputra River, spanning the northern parts of the Indian ...

and

Punjab & Haryana High Court Punjab and Haryana High Court is the common High Court for the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana and the Union Territory of Chandigarh based in Chandigarh, India. Sanctioned strength of Judges of this High Court is 85 consisting of 64 Per ...

in Chandigarh district in

Chandigarh Chandigarh () is a planned city in India. Chandigarh is bordered by the state of Punjab to the west and the south, and by the state of Haryana to the east. It constitutes the bulk of the Chandigarh Capital Region or Greater Chandigarh, which ...

India India, officially the Republic of India ( Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the ...

History

The history of the settlement is rather vague. It is however learnt that about three to four centuries ago a family of

Gujjars Gurjar or Gujjar (also transliterated as ''Gujar, Gurjara and Gujjer'') is an ethnic nomadic, agricultural and pastoral community, spread mainly in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, divided internally into various clan groups. They were tradit ...

belonging to Bhainsi gotra established the settlement of Kaimbwala by clearing open forest of Kaimb trees, hence the acquired the name of Kaimbwala and

Gujjar Gurjar or Gujjar (also transliterated as ''Gujar, Gurjara and Gujjer'') is an ethnic nomadic, agricultural and pastoral community, spread mainly in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, divided internally into various clan groups. They were tradit ...

became the dominant caste of the Village. It is further believed that an ancestor of Bhainsi gotra was awarded a piece of land by the ruler of the State of

Mani Majra Mani Majra, also spelled as Manimajra and now renamed as Sector 13, is a Big historical town in Panchkula, India The notifications regarding renaming of this town were issued by the Punjab Governor and Chief Administrator of Chandigarh, VP Sin ...

for his loyalty to the king. With the passage of time,

belonging to the Hindu religion with sub-caste Kalas, Manne, Gore, Chechi, Mokar, Mogria, and Baharwal. Kataria, VANNA,VANNE(awana)and Poswal migrated and fused with the settlement. The process was facilitated by the matrimonial alliances between various Gujjar gotras, purchase of land, donation of land occupation by legal manipulation and allotment by the Government. Apart from the ethnic attraction, the migrants found habitation ideal for their cattle since the foothills provided desirable grazing land. The most prominent profession of the earlier settlers is said to be rearing goats and sheep. It is believed that Kaimbwala was a part of the revenue estate of Kansal, in the 19th century. The village was detached from Kansal in 1852 by one Kale Rai, the then, widely acclaimed Consolidation Officer. The elders in the village could recall lineage up to five to six generations as such the settlement could be around three to four centuries old.

Geography and ecology

Location

Kaimbwala is one of the 27 villages which form the rural ring around the city of

. The village falls in the

Patwar Circle Revenue blocks, revenue circles, ''firka'', or ''patwar circles'' are the local revenue sub-divisions of the various districts of the states of India State may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Literature * '' State Magazine'', a mont ...

and has Chandigarh for its

tehsil A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluka, or taluk) is a local unit of administrative division in some countries of South Asia. It is a subdistrict of the area within a district including the designated populated place that serves as its administr ...

and

district A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...

headquarters. Before the reorganisation of the erstwhile

Punjab Punjab (; Punjabi: پنجاب ; ਪੰਜਾਬ ; ; also romanised as ''Panjāb'' or ''Panj-Āb'') is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia, specifically in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising ...

State; on 1 November 1966, the village was a part of Kharar tehsil of

Ambala Ambala () is a city and a municipal corporation in Ambala district in the state of Haryana, India, located on the border with the Indian state of Punjab and in proximity to both states capital Chandigarh. Politically, Ambala has two sub-area ...

district. It is located at a distance of 12 km from the

and

headquarter Headquarters (commonly referred to as HQ) denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States, the corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the top ...

. The

village A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town (although the word is often used to describe both hamlets and smaller towns), with a population typically ranging from a few hundred to ...

is situated on the periphery of Chandigarh and is connected by a kachas as well as a pucca

metalled road A road surface (British English), or pavement (American English), is the durable surface material laid down on an area intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic, such as a road or walkway. In the past, gravel road surfaces, hoggin, cobbl ...

. One can reach the village by either of the road and can be reached by bus by a rather circuitous route from the hub of Chandigarh city viz;

Bus Stand A bus stand, also called a bus bay, or bus stance, is a designated parking location where a bus or coach waits out of service between scheduled public transport services. 'Bus stand' is also often an alternative name for specific bus stops insid ...

at Sector 17, via

Punjab Engineering College Punjab Engineering College (abbreviated PEC or PEC Chandigarh) is a public research & technical institution in Chandigarh. It was founded in 1921 in Lahore, established in Chandigarh in 1953, and focuses on the field of applied sciences, particu ...

(U.T., Chandigarh), Nayagaon (Punjab), Khuda Ali-sher (U.T., Chandigarh) and Kansal (

). This is the normal bus route on a

and the distance to be traversed is about 12 km from the

in Sector 17 of Chandigarh. The pedestrians, cyclists and scooterists etc., however, prefer a shorter route connecting the village to Sector 4 of Chandigarh by a minor road measuring 3 km. This road through metalled has a width of 11 metres and can thus be used by two-wheelers only.

City and

Town are the main administrative, educational, commercial and cultural centres for the inhabitants of the Kaimbwala village. The entire village depends for most of their needs on these centres. The marketing centre of the inhabitants is however

, which can be reached by a Kacha road by crossing over the dried up river bed of Sukhna rivulet and Suketri village situation in

Haryana Haryana (; ) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 Nov 1966 on a linguistic basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% () of India's land ...

State.

, a satellite town of Chandigarh Union Territory is located at a distance of 6 km. from the Village. The inhabitants of the village predominantly frequent two markets viz.

town and the Grain market adjoining Sector 26 of Chandigarh city. Cloth, utensils, ornaments and sundry, groceries are purchased from

while cattle feed like Khal (oilseed cakes) and Varaiwan (cotton seeds) are purchased from the

grain A grain is a small, hard, dry fruit ( caryopsis) – with or without an attached hull layer – harvested for human or animal consumption. A grain crop is a grain-producing plant. The two main types of commercial grain crops are cereals and legu ...

market. In view of the traditional contact of the villagers with the traders of

, goods can be obtained in this market on credit. This facility, however, is not available in the grain market. The mode of travel is on foot or by bicycle and the popular routes are the minor road connecting the village to Sector 4 of Chandigarh and the one connecting the village to Mani Majra. The metalled road passing through

, Khuda Ali-sher and Kansal villages is not so popular. Only one bus traverses to this village from Chandigarh

. This route is hardly used by

cyclists Cycling, also, when on a two-wheeled bicycle, called bicycling or biking, is the use of cycles for transport, recreation, exercise or sport. People engaged in cycling are referred to as "cyclists", "bicyclists", or "bikers". Apart from two- ...

/scooterists. The village has three shops which can barely cater to the needs of rural consumers. These generally sell Karyana though one of these also sells Khal and Choker (husk). The land has a mild downward gradient towards the south, levelling off at the Sukhna rivulet. The gradient slopes downwards towards the north but changes sharply, inclining upwards, as one approaches the

Shivalik range The Sivalik Hills, also known as the Shivalik Hills and Churia Hills, are a mountain range of the outer Himalayas that stretches over about from the Indus River eastwards close to the Brahmaputra River, spanning the northern parts of the Indian ...

of the

Himalayas The Himalayas, or Himalaya (; ; ), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over ...

. To the West and South, a dense forest is building up as a result of the afforestation drive taken up by the Government to forestall silting of the lake which had of late, become a major menace. The terrain of the village is undulating and interspersed with rocky and sandy land. This area holds promises of gay times for hikers and picnickers from Chandigarh.

Climate

has almost a typically

north India North India is a loosely defined region consisting of the northern part of India. The dominant geographical features of North India are the Indo-Gangetic Plain and the Himalayas, which demarcate the region from the Tibetan Plateau and Centr ...

n extreme

climate Climate is the long-term weather pattern in an area, typically averaged over 30 years. More rigorously, it is the mean and variability of meteorological variables over a time spanning from months to millions of years. Some of the meteorologica ...

with occasional dust storms during the peak of

summer Summer is the hottest of the four temperate seasons, occurring after spring and before autumn. At or centred on the summer solstice, the earliest sunrise and latest sunset occurs, daylight hours are longest and dark hours are shortest, ...

s. On the basis of climate, the year can be divided into three seasons: the summer season from April to June, the rainy season from July to September and the

winter Winter is the coldest season of the year in Polar regions of Earth, polar and temperate climates. It occurs after autumn and before spring (season), spring. The tilt of Axial tilt#Earth, Earth's axis causes seasons; winter occurs when a Hemi ...

season from October to March. The average temperature may rise to as high as 40 °C in the summer while it touches as low as 3 °C in the winter. The

rainy season The rainy season is the time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfall occurs. Rainy Season may also refer to: * ''Rainy Season'' (short story), a 1989 short horror story by Stephen King * "Rainy Season", a 2018 song by Monni * '' ...

provides great relief from the discomforts of the summer. A large part of the annual rainfall is received from July to September. The other period of annual rainfall is in the winter months from December to March which is scanty. There is little or negligible rainfall during the four months of April, May, October and November. The summer rainfall which is caused by the south western

monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal osci ...

is beneficial for

Kharif crop Kharif crops, also known as monsoon crops or autumn crops, are domesticated plants that are cultivated and harvested in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh during the Indian subcontinent's monsoon season, which lasts from June to November depending on ...

s. The winter

rain Rain is water droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then fall under gravity. Rain is a major component of the water cycle and is responsible for depositing most of the fresh water on the Earth. It provides water ...

fall caused by the western depression lasts from December to March which is significant for

Rabi crop Rabi crops or rabi harvest, also known as winter crops, are agricultural crops that are sown in winter and harvested in the spring in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. The complimentary of the rabi crop is the kharif crop, which is grown after ...

s. Kaimbwala village being quite adjacent to Chandigarh, the data collected for Chandigarh holds good for the village. January and June are the two months recording the lowest and highest temperature respectively. With the onset of monsoons in July, the

temperature Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses quantitatively the perceptions of hotness and coldness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Thermometers are calibrated in various temperature scales that historically have relied on ...

starts declining. July, August and September are recorded as the most humid months.

Flora and Fauna

The hinterland of the village abounds in a variety of

flora Flora (: floras or florae) is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous (ecology), indigenous) native plant, native plants. The corresponding term for animals is ''fauna'', and for f ...

and

fauna Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is ''flora'', and for fungi, it is '' funga''. Flora, fauna, funga and other forms of life are collectively referred to as ''biota''. Zoo ...

. Kikar, Barota,

Pipal Pipal may refer to: *Ficus religiosa ''Ficus religiosa'' or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian subcontinent and Indochina that belongs to Moraceae, the fig or mulberry family. It is also known as the bodhi tree, pippala tre ...

Shisham ''Dalbergia sissoo'', known commonly as North Indian rosewood or ''shisham'', is a fast-growing, hardy, deciduous rosewood tree native to the Indian subcontinent and southern Iran. ''D. sissoo'' is a large, crooked tree with long, leathery leav ...

and

Neem ''Azadirachta indica'', commonly known as neem, nimtree or Indian lilac, is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of two species in the genus '' Azadirachta'', and is native to the Indian subcontinent and most of the countries in Afr ...

are the common trees found here.

Mango A mango is an edible stone fruit produced by the tropical tree '' Mangifera indica''. It is believed to have originated in the region between northwestern Myanmar, Bangladesh, and northeastern India. ''M. indica'' has been cultivated in Sout ...

trees are found closer to the habitation in the field and in the courtyards. Wild aak is used for fencing the fields. Sarkanda (wild grass) is a common sight in the tracts not fit for cultivation.

Jackal Jackals are medium-sized canids native to Africa and Eurasia. While the word "jackal" has historically been used for many canines of the subtribe canina, in modern use it most commonly refers to three species: the closely related black-backe ...

hare Hares and jackrabbits are mammals belonging to the genus ''Lepus''. They are herbivores, and live solitarily or in pairs. They nest in slight depressions called forms, and their young are able to fend for themselves shortly after birth. The g ...

wild bear The brown bear (''Ursus arctos'') is a large bear species found across Eurasia and North America. In North America, the populations of brown bears are called grizzly bears, while the subspecies that inhabits the Kodiak Islands of Alaska is kn ...

, and wild cats are found in great numbers around the village.

Parrot Parrots, also known as psittacines (), are birds of the roughly 398 species in 92 genera comprising the order Psittaciformes (), found mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The order is subdivided into three superfamilies: the Psittaco ...

s, sparrows,

pigeons Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

crow A crow is a bird of the genus ''Corvus'', or more broadly a synonym for all of ''Corvus''. Crows are generally black in colour. The word "crow" is used as part of the common name of many species. The related term " raven" is not pinned scientifica ...

doves Columbidae () is a bird family consisting of doves and pigeons. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily ...

, and nightingales are common birds.

Cuckoo Cuckoos are birds in the Cuculidae family, the sole taxon in the order Cuculiformes . The cuckoo family includes the common or European cuckoo, roadrunners, koels, malkohas, couas, coucals and anis. The coucals and anis are sometimes separat ...

s arrive in

Baisakh Vaisakha; hi, बैसाख, Baisākh; pa, ਵਿਸਾਖ/وساکھ , te, వైశాఖ, kn, ವೈಶಾಖ, Vaiśākha; ml, വൈശാഖം, Vaiśākham; mr, वैशाख, Vaiśākh; ta, வைகாசி, Vaikāci; ne, � ...

(April) and depart in Asvina (September).

Partridge A partridge is a medium-sized galliform bird in any of several genera, with a wide native distribution throughout parts of Europe, Asia and Africa. Several species have been introduced to the Americas. They are sometimes grouped in the Perdic ...

s and

quail Quail is a collective name for several genera of mid-sized birds generally placed in the order Galliformes. The collective noun for a group of quail is a flock, covey, or bevy. Old World quail are placed in the family Phasianidae, and New ...

s are seen in the winter months.

Snake Snakes are elongated, limbless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes . Like all other squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales. Many species of snakes have skulls with several more j ...

s of different colours and varieties, species appear mostly in the rainy season and quite a few cases of

snakebite A snakebite is an injury caused by the bite of a snake, especially a venomous snake. A common sign of a bite from a venomous snake is the presence of two puncture wounds from the animal's fangs. Sometimes venom injection from the bite may oc ...

have been reported.

Demographics

Population

The total geographical area of the village is 899 acres. Kaimbwala has a total population of 6,050 people, out of which the male population is 3,357 while the female population is 2,693 as per Population Census 2011. There are about 1,341 households in the village and an average of 4 persons live in every family. As per the Population Census 2011 data The village has a substantial population of

Schedule Caste The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are designa ...

(SC) constitutes 26.53% of the total population in Kaimbwala village. The village Kaimbwala currently does not have any

Schedule Tribe The Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) are officially designated groups of people and among the most disadvantaged socio-economic groups in India. The terms are recognized in the Constitution of India and the groups are design ...

(ST) population.

Sex Ratio

The total population of Kaimbwala is 6,050 out of which 3,357 are males and 2,693 are females thus the Average

Sex Ratio The sex ratio (or gender ratio) is usually defined as the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. Many species de ...

of Kaimbwala is 802. The population of children of age 0–6 years in Kaimbwala village is 1019 which is 17% of the total population. There are 549 male children and 470 female children between the ages of 0–6 years. Thus as per the Census 2011, the Child Sex Ratio of Kaimbwala is 856 which is greater than the Average Sex Ratio (802) of Kaimbwala village.

Literacy

As per the Census 2011, the literacy rate of Kaimbwala is 72.2%. Thus Kaimbwala village has a lower literacy rate compared to 76.3% of the Chandigarh district. The male literacy rate is 80.84% and the female literacy rate is 61.27% in Kaimbwala village.

Workers Profile

Out of the total population, 2,379 were engaged in work activities. 95.7% of workers describe their work as Main Work (Employment or Earning more than 6 Months) while 4.3% were involved in Marginal activity providing a livelihood for less than 6 months. Of 2,379 workers engaged in Main Work, 82 were cultivators (owner or co-owner) while 19 were Agricultural labourers.

References

External links

; Government
The Official Website of Chandigarh Administration

Chandigarh District Website
; General information * * {{osmrelation-inline, 1942809 Villages in Chandigarh district