Kadiri Venkata Reddy (1 July 1912 – 15 September 1972), commonly known as K. V. Reddy, was an Indian film director, screenwriter, and producer, primarily known for his work in
Telugu cinema
Telugu cinema, also known as Tollywood, is the segment of Cinema of India, Indian cinema dedicated to the production of Film, motion pictures in the Telugu language, widely spoken in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Based in Film N ...
. Renowned as one of the most influential filmmakers in
South Indian cinema
Cinema of South India, refers to the cinema of the four major film industries in South India; primarily engaged in making feature films in the four major Dravidian languages of the region, namely Telugu cinema, Telugu, Tamil Cinema, Tamil, Ma ...
, he directed 14
feature film
A feature film or feature-length film (often abbreviated to feature), also called a theatrical film, is a film (Film, motion picture, "movie" or simply “picture”) with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole present ...
s during his career. His contributions earned him several prestigious accolades, including three
National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for "Excellence within the Cinema of India, Indian film industry". Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India ...
and a
Filmfare Award South.
His filmography includes films based on
itihasa-puranas like ''
Mayabazar
''Mayabazar'' () is a 1957 Indian epic film, epic Hindu mythological film directed by K. V. Reddy. It was produced by Nagi Reddi and Chakrapani (filmmaker), Chakrapani under their banner, Vijaya Vauhini Studios, Vijaya Productions. The film w ...
'' (1957), ''
Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu
''Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu'' () is a 1963 Indian Telugu-language Hindu mythological film, produced and directed by K. V. Reddy under the Jayanthi Pictures banner.Naati 101 Chitralu, S. V. Rama Rao, Kinnera Publications, Hyderabad, 2006, pp: ...
'' (1962), ''
Sri Krishna Satya'' (1972);
fantasy
Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction that involves supernatural or Magic (supernatural), magical elements, often including Fictional universe, imaginary places and Legendary creature, creatures.
The genre's roots lie in oral traditions, ...
films like ''
Gunasundari Katha
''Gunasundari Katha'' () is a 1949 Indian Telugu language fantasy film produced and directed by K. V. Reddy, starring Sriranjani, Kasturi Siva Rao, Santha Kumari. The script was written by Pingali Nagendra Rao, K. V. Reddy, and Kamalakara ...
'' (1949), ''
Pathala Bhairavi
''Pathala Bhairavi'' () is a 1951 Indian fantasy film directed by K. V. Reddy who co-wrote the film with Pingali and Kamalakara Kameswara Rao. Shot simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil languages, the film was produced by Nagi Reddi and Chakra ...
'' (1951), ''
Jagadeka Veeruni Katha
''Jagadekaveeruni Katha'' () is a 1961 Indian Telugu-language fantasy swashbuckler film produced and directed by K. V. Reddy under the Vijaya Productions banner. It stars N. T. Rama Rao, B. Saroja Devi with music composed by Pendyala Nagesw ...
'' (1961);
historical
History is the systematic study of the past, focusing primarily on the human past. As an academic discipline, it analyses and interprets evidence to construct narratives about what happened and explain why it happened. Some theorists categ ...
biopics like ''
Bhakta Potana
''Bhakta Pothana'' is a 1943 Telugu-language biographical film directed by K. V. Reddy in his directorial debut. Based on the life of poet-saint Pothana who translated Bhagavatham into Telugu language, the film was scripted by Samudrala Sr. T ...
'' (1942), ''
Yogi Vemana
Vemana, popularly known as Yogi Vemana, was an Indian philosopher and poet in the Telugu language. His poems are known for their use of simple language and native idioms. They discuss the subjects of yoga, wisdom and morality.
Early life and ...
'' (1947), and
drama
Drama is the specific Mode (literature), mode of fiction Mimesis, represented in performance: a Play (theatre), play, opera, mime, ballet, etc., performed in a theatre, or on Radio drama, radio or television.Elam (1980, 98). Considered as a g ...
films like ''
Pedda Manushulu'' (1954),
''Donga Ramudu'' (1955), ''
Pellinaati Pramanalu
''Pellinaati Pramanalu'' () is a 1958 Indian Telugu-language comedy drama film, produced and directed by K. V. Reddy. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Jamuna, with music composed by Ghantasala. The film was simultaneously made in Tamil a ...
'' (1959).
''Pathala Bhairavi'' was the only South Indian film to be screened at the first
International Film Festival of India
The International Film Festival of India (IFFI), founded in 1952, is an annual film festival currently held in Goa, on the western coast of India. The festival aims at providing a common platform for the cinemas of the world to project the excel ...
in 1952. ''Donga Ramudu'' was archived in the curriculum of the
Film and Television Institute of India
The Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) is a film institute under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India and aided by the Central Government of India. ...
.
''Mayabazar'' is widely regarded as one of the greatest Indian films ever produced. On the centenary of Indian cinema in April 2013, ''
CNN-IBN
CNN News18 is an Indian English-language news television channel founded by Raghav Bahl based in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is currently co-owned by Network18 Group and Warner Bros. Discovery. CNN provides international coverage for the c ...
'' included ''Pathala Bhairavi'' and ''Mayabazar'' in its list of "100 greatest Indian films of all time".
In an online poll featuring the films in the list, ''Mayabazar'' was voted by the public as the "greatest Indian film of all time."
Early life
Kadiri Venkata Reddy was born on 1 July 1912 in a
Telugu
Telugu may refer to:
* Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of South India
** Telugu literature, is the body of works written in the Telugu language.
* Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India
* Telugu script, used to write the Tel ...
family in Tellamitta Palle near
Tadipatri
Tadipatri is a city in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh at the border of Nandyala district and Kadapa district. It is a Selection Grade Municipality City Council. Tadipatri is a headquarters of Tadipatri mandal in An ...
in
Anantapur district
Anantapur district, officially Ananthapuramu district, is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located in Anantapur city. It is one of the driest places in South ...
in present-day
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh (ISO 15919, ISO: , , AP) is a States and union territories of India, state on the East Coast of India, east coast of southern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, seventh-largest state and th ...
.
His parents were Konda Reddy and Venkata Rangamma. His mother was a devotee of
Lord Venkateswara. His father died when K. V. Reddy was two years old.
Later, he started living along with his mother at his maternal uncle's home.
He performed well in academics and actively took part in sports like
football
Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kick (football), kicking a football (ball), ball to score a goal (sports), goal. Unqualified, football (word), the word ''football'' generally means the form of football t ...
and
hockey
''Hockey'' is a family of List of stick sports, stick sports where two opposing teams use hockey sticks to propel a ball or disk into a goal. There are many types of hockey, and the individual sports vary in rules, numbers of players, apparel, ...
. He was good at mathematics and painting.
Moola Narayana Swamy
Moola Narayana Swamy ( 20 August 1950) was an Indian businessman and film producer known for his works in Telugu cinema. He owned several businesses such as Rayalaseema Bank, Rayalaseema Textiles, Cuddapah Ceramics, Cuddapah Electric Company, o ...
was a close friend of him right from his school days.
He completed his
B.Sc degree in Physics
in
Madras Presidency College.
While living in
Madras
Chennai, also known as Madras ( its official name until 1996), is the capital and largest city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost state of India. It is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. According to the 2011 Indian ce ...
, he was fascinated with the cinema industry which was still in its nascent stage. He started regularly watching films and would watch three films on Sundays.
P. Pullayya was one year senior to him in college. P. Pullayya entered the film industry while K. V. Reddy was still in college. Both of them would frequently discuss about stories suitable to be made as films.
K. V. Reddy graduated in 1935. He wanted to enter the film industry after the completion of his graduation. He started reading various books on filmmaking. He studied and analysed films and books by
Russian
Russian(s) may refer to:
*Russians (), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*A citizen of Russia
*Russian language, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages
*''The Russians'', a b ...
and
Japanese
Japanese may refer to:
* Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia
* Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan
* Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture
** Japanese diaspor ...
filmmakers.
Career
After graduation, K. V. Reddy started a business named "The Standard Scientific Instruments Company" with his friend A. V. V. Krishna Rao. Started with an initial capital of 250, the company manufactured scientific instruments that are used in schools and colleges.
He ran the business for one year during 193637 and it was successful.
19371941: Early career
K. V. Reddy was invited by his childhood friend
Moola Narayana Swamy
Moola Narayana Swamy ( 20 August 1950) was an Indian businessman and film producer known for his works in Telugu cinema. He owned several businesses such as Rayalaseema Bank, Rayalaseema Textiles, Cuddapah Ceramics, Cuddapah Electric Company, o ...
to work in the production department of a film he was co-producing.
K. V. Reddy joined as a cashier for Rohini Pictures in 1937 for the film
''Gruhalakshmi''.
The film released in 1938 and was commercially successful.
Rohini Pictures was formed by the partnership of
H. M. Reddy
Hanumappa Muniappa Reddy (12 June 1892 – 14 January 1960), known as H. M. Reddy, was an Indian film director and producer, known for his works in Telugu cinema. He directed the first Indian multilingual sound film '' Kalidas'' (1931), shot in ...
along with
B. N. Reddy
Bommireddi Narasimha Reddi (16 November 1908 – 8 November 1977), professionally known as B. N. Reddi, was an Indian film director, producer, and screenwriter. He was an early figure in the Telugu cinema. Many of his earlier films like Vande ...
and Moola Narayana Swamy. The latter two had differences with H. M. Reddy and split themselves from Rohini Pictures and established
Vauhini Pictures.
Narayana Swamy was the Chairman and B. N. Reddy was the Managing Director of the company. K. V. Reddy joined Vauhini Pictures along with them.
He was also made a partner in the company.
He worked as a
Production Manager for Vauhini films like ''
Vande Mataram
Vande Mātaram (Bengali language, Original Bengali: বন্দে মাতরম্ ''Bônde Mātôrôm'' Devanagari script: वंदे मातरम्; , Transcreation: I Bow to Thee, Mother) is a poem that was adopted as the nati ...
'' (1939),
''Sumangali'' (1940), ''
Devatha'' (1941).
While working as a cashier and a production manager, K. V. Reddy developed understanding of various aspects of
filmmaking
Filmmaking or film production is the process by which a Film, motion picture is produced. Filmmaking involves a number of complex and discrete stages, beginning with an initial story, idea, or commission. Production then continues through screen ...
.
While working at Vauhini Pictures, he became acquainted with
Kamalakara Kameswara Rao
Kamalakara Kameswara Rao (4 October 1911 – 29 June 1998) was an Indian film director known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema, and a few Tamil and Hindi films. Widely known as ''Pauranika Chitra Brahma'' (), Kameswara Rao directed f ...
, who was an assistant to B. N. Reddy. They made a pact that the first one to become a director among them would work as an assistant to the other.
19421950: Directorial debut and breakthrough
''Bhakta Pothana'' (1943)
While working as a production manager at Vauhini, K. V. Reddy prepared the script for a film based on the life of 15th century Telugu poet
Pothana
Bammera Pothana (1450–1510) was a Telugu poet best known for his translation of the Srimad Bhaagavatam from Sanskrit to Telugu. He was a Telugu and Sanskrit Scholar. His work, Srimad Bhagavatamu, is popularly called as Pothana Bhagavatam i ...
. Though it was opposed by various people in the company for K. V. Reddy's lack of directorial experience, Narayana Swamy greenlit the project. The film was titled ''
Bhakta Pothana'' and featured
V. Nagayya
Vuppaladadiyam Nagayya Sarma (28 March 1904 – 30 December 1973), popularly known as Chittoor Nagayya, was an Indian actor, singer, music composer, and director known for his works in Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, and Telugu theatre. Nagayya wa ...
in the
title role
The title character in a narrative work is one who is named or referred to in the title of the work. In a performed work such as a play or film, the performer who plays the title character is said to have the title role of the piëce. The title o ...
''.
'' Kamalakara Kameswara Rao assisted him as was previously agreed upon.
The production of the film was interrupted by the
second world war
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
. But ''Bhakta Pothana'' completed its production and was finally released on 7 January 1943. The film was successful all over
South India
South India, also known as Southern India or Peninsular India, is the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula in India encompassing the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as the union territories of ...
including
Mysore state and
Kerala
Kerala ( , ) is a States and union territories of India, state on the Malabar Coast of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile ...
.

After the huge success of ''Bhakta Pothana'', Narayana Swamy who had interests in other business ventures focused on film production. He made a proposal to the board to confine Vauhini Pictures to
film distribution
Film distribution, also called film exhibition or film distribution and exhibition, is the process of making a film available for viewing to an audience. This is normally the task of a professional film distributor, who would determine the marketin ...
and start Vauhini Productions for film production. The proposal was approved, and Narayana Swamy invested 2
lakh
A lakh (; abbreviated L; sometimes written lac) is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to one hundred thousand (100,000; scientific notation: 105). In the Indian 2, 2, 3 convention of digit grouping, it is written as 1,00,000. F ...
out of the total capital of 2.5 lakh. Rest of the 50,000 was provided by the family of B. N. Reddy and K. V. Reddy.
Thus, K. V. Reddy became a partner in Vauhini Productions. It was decided that B. N. Reddy and K. V. Reddy would alternately direct films for the production house.
When Vauhini Productions made ''
Swargaseema
''Swargaseema'' is a 1945 Telugu language, Telugu-language drama film produced and directed by B.N. Reddi, B. N. Reddi and starring V. Nagayya, B. Jayamma and Bhanumathi Ramakrishna, Bhanumathi. The film marked the debut of Ghantasala (musician), ...
'' (1945) as its first production under the direction of B. N. Reddy, K. V. Reddy worked as a production manager for the film.
Though the film faced troubles due to the shortage of
film stock
Film stock is an analog medium that is used for recording motion pictures or animation. It is recorded on by a movie camera, developed,
edited, and projected onto a screen using a movie projector. It is a strip or sheet of transparent pl ...
due to the world war, it became successful. K. V. Reddy also made a
cameo appearance in the song "Oho Tapodhana".
''Yogi Vemana'' (1947)
While working on ''Swargaseema'', K. V. Reddy started preparing the script for his next directorial venture. Along with
Samudrala Sr., he gathered information on
Vemana
Vemana, popularly known as Yogi Vemana, was an Indian philosopher and poet in the Telugu language. His poems are known for their use of simple language and native idioms. They discuss the subjects of yoga, wisdom and morality.
Early life and ...
from historical and folklore sources and prepared the script for ''
Yogi Vemana
Vemana, popularly known as Yogi Vemana, was an Indian philosopher and poet in the Telugu language. His poems are known for their use of simple language and native idioms. They discuss the subjects of yoga, wisdom and morality.
Early life and ...
'' (1947). K. V. Reddy collaborated once again with Nagayya who played the lead role.
The film was critically acclaimed but underperformed commercially.
Ashish Rajadhyaksha
Ashish Vithal Rajadhyaksha (born 12 March 1957) is an Indian film scholar, art curator and cultural theorist. He was a Senior Fellow at the Bangalore-based Centre for the Study of Culture and Society.
Early life
Ashish Vithal Rajadhyaksha ...
and
Paul Willemen
Paul Willemen (17 August 1944 – 13 May 2012) was a Belgian-born British professor, author and essayist. According to the British Film Institute, he was regarded as "a pioneering figure in the revolution in thinking about the cinema that b ...
in ''Encyclopedia of Indian Cinema'' note, "''Bhakta Pothana'' and ''Yogi Vemana'', contributed to Chittor V Nagaiah’s image as South Indian cinema’s most famous actor in the saint film genre".
Around the same time, Vauhini Productions' films were getting delayed due to lack of studio facilities. And so, they decided to build a studio of their own.
Narayana Swamy invested the capital required for building the studio while B. N. Reddy took up the responsibility of managing the construction work. Even though B. N. Reddy was to direct the next film for Vauhini as per the agreement, it fell upon K. V. Reddy to direct the next film as B. N. Reddy was busy in the construction work of the studio.
''Gunasundari Katha'' (1949)
K. V. Reddy wanted to make a film that was distinct from his previous films and any of the films produced till then by Vauhini. He chose
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare ( 23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor. He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's nation ...
's play ''
King Lear
''The Tragedy of King Lear'', often shortened to ''King Lear'', is a Shakespearean tragedy, tragedy written by William Shakespeare. It is loosely based on the mythological Leir of Britain. King Lear, in preparation for his old age, divides his ...
'' as the inspiration for the core plot.
But K. V. Reddy and his writers
Pingali and
Kamalakara Kameswara Rao
Kamalakara Kameswara Rao (4 October 1911 – 29 June 1998) was an Indian film director known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema, and a few Tamil and Hindi films. Widely known as ''Pauranika Chitra Brahma'' (), Kameswara Rao directed f ...
changed the tone from the
tragedy
A tragedy is a genre of drama based on human suffering and, mainly, the terrible or sorrowful events that befall a tragic hero, main character or cast of characters. Traditionally, the intention of tragedy is to invoke an accompanying catharsi ...
of ''King Lear'' to a more entertaining one for the film. Titled ''
Gunasundari Katha
''Gunasundari Katha'' () is a 1949 Indian Telugu language fantasy film produced and directed by K. V. Reddy, starring Sriranjani, Kasturi Siva Rao, Santha Kumari. The script was written by Pingali Nagendra Rao, K. V. Reddy, and Kamalakara ...
'' (1949), the film was successful at the box-office.
The film had a scene where the protagonist turns into a bear due to a curse. K. V. Reddy remembered a kind-hearted bear in his childhood which spared him his life and made it a character in the film. The film was later remade in Tamil as ''
Gunasundari'' (1955) by
Vijaya Productions
Vijaya Vauhini Studios is a film production company based in Chennai, India. It is the combination of Vijaya Productions and Vauhini Studios. B. Nagi Reddy (Bommireddy Nagi Reddy) was the founder of Vijaya Productions and Moola Narayana Swam ...
under the direction of Kamalakara Kameswara Rao.
19501963: Further critical and commercial success
''Pathala Bhairavi'' (1951)
Nagi Reddi
Bommireddy Nagi Reddi (2 December 1912 – 25 February 2004) was an Indian film producer primarily associated with Telugu cinema, along with notable contributions to Tamil and Hindi films. He co-founded Vijaya Vauhini Studios in Madras, which ...
and
Chakrapani
Chakrapani may refer to:
* Chakrapani, a name of the Hindu deity Vishnu, the chakra hand d(pani)
People with the surname
* Aluri Chakrapani
Aluru Venkata Subbarao (5 August 1908 – 24 September 1975), popularly known by his pen name Chak ...
signed K. V. Reddy in 1950 to direct ''
Pathala Bhairavi
''Pathala Bhairavi'' () is a 1951 Indian fantasy film directed by K. V. Reddy who co-wrote the film with Pingali and Kamalakara Kameswara Rao. Shot simultaneously in Telugu and Tamil languages, the film was produced by Nagi Reddi and Chakra ...
.'' The film was based on a story from ''Kasi Majilee Kathalu'', written by
Madhira Subbanna Deekshitulu.
Pingali adapted the content and wrote the film's story.
Kamalakara Kameswara Rao
Kamalakara Kameswara Rao (4 October 1911 – 29 June 1998) was an Indian film director known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema, and a few Tamil and Hindi films. Widely known as ''Pauranika Chitra Brahma'' (), Kameswara Rao directed f ...
and Reddy worked on the screenplay.
Pingali was also inspired from the story of
Aladdin
Aladdin ( ; , , ATU 561, 'Aladdin') is a Middle-Eastern folk tale. It is one of the best-known tales associated with '' One Thousand and One Nights'' (often known in English as ''The Arabian Nights''), despite not being part of the original ...
.
''Pathala Bhairavi'' was made as a bilingual film, shot in Telugu and Tamil simultaneously with both the versions having the same title.
The film stars
N. T. Rama Rao
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996), often referred to by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, film editor, philanthropist, and politician who served as the Chief Minister o ...
,
S. V. Ranga Rao and K. Malathi. The film focuses on a gardener's son who has to amass wealth equal to that of the king of
Ujjain
Ujjain (, , old name Avantika, ) or Ujjayinī is a city in Ujjain district of the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the fifth-largest city in Madhya Pradesh by population and is the administrative as well as religious centre of Ujjain ...
to marry his daughter and a sorcerer who has to sacrifice an intelligent and brave young man to Goddess Pathala Bhairavi to gain access to a statuette which can grant any wish. As the film is shot as a bilingual, production lasted for a whole year starting from 5 February 1950 until 8 February 1951.
The Telugu version of ''Pathala Bhairavi'' was released on 15 March 1951, and the Tamil version on 17 May 1951. Both versions were commercially successful. ''Pathala Bhairavi'' became the first Telugu film to run continuously for 175 days,
and the first Telugu film to have a direct run of 200 days. The 1952 Hindi version was also successful. ''Pathala Bhairavi'' is considered to be a
breakthrough film for both Rama Rao and Ranga Rao.
The success of the film established Vijaya Productions as a prominent
production house
Production may refer to:
Economics and business
* Production (economics)
* Production, the act of manufacturing goods
* Production, in the outline of industrial organization, the act of making products (goods and services)
* Production as a stati ...
in South Indian cinema.
It was also the only South Indian film to be screened at the first
International Film Festival of India
The International Film Festival of India (IFFI), founded in 1952, is an annual film festival currently held in Goa, on the western coast of India. The festival aims at providing a common platform for the cinemas of the world to project the excel ...
held at
Mumbai
Mumbai ( ; ), also known as Bombay ( ; its official name until 1995), is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra. Mumbai is the financial capital and the most populous city proper of India with an estimated population of 12 ...
on 24 January 1952.
''Pedda Manushulu'' (1954)

After the success of ''Pathala Bhairavi'',
Nagi Reddi
Bommireddy Nagi Reddi (2 December 1912 – 25 February 2004) was an Indian film producer primarily associated with Telugu cinema, along with notable contributions to Tamil and Hindi films. He co-founded Vijaya Vauhini Studios in Madras, which ...
asked K. V. Reddy to make another fantasy film for Vijaya Productions. But, after directing two historical films (''Bhakta Pothana, Yogi Vemana'') and two fantasy films (''Gunasundari Katha, Pathala Bhairavi'' ), K. V. Reddy wanted to make a
drama film
In film and television, drama is a category or genre of narrative fiction (or semi-fiction) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone. The drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular ...
this time. As B. N. Reddy and K. V. Reddy previously agreed to alternately direct films for Vauhini, K. V. Reddy planned to make his next film on Vauhini Productions banner.
K. V. Reddy was interested in
western literature
Western literature, also known as European literature, is the literature written in the context of Western culture in the languages of Europe, and is shaped by the periods in which they were conceived, with each period containing prominent weste ...
and films. ''
The Pillars of Society
''The Pillars of Society'' (or "Pillars of the Community"; original Norwegian title: ''Samfundets støtter'') is an 1877 play written by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen.
Ibsen had great trouble with the writing of this play. The ending is ...
,'' a 1877 play by famous Norwegian
playwright
A playwright or dramatist is a person who writes play (theatre), plays, which are a form of drama that primarily consists of dialogue between Character (arts), characters and is intended for Theatre, theatrical performance rather than just
Readin ...
Henrik Ibsen
Henrik Johan Ibsen (; ; 20 March 1828 – 23 May 1906) was a Norwegian playwright, poet and actor. Ibsen is considered the world's pre-eminent dramatist of the 19th century and is often referred to as "the father of modern drama." He pioneered ...
attracted him.
He wanted to direct a film based on the play. He collaborated with
D. V. Narasaraju and D. B. G. Tilak and prepared the script. Only two characters from the play were retained and rest of the story was newly developed by the writers.
The film titled ''
Pedda Manushulu'' portrayed corruption among so called respectable persons of the society.
It released on 11 March 1954 and was commercially successful.
It became the first Telugu film to win the
National Film Award
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for "Excellence within the Cinema of India, Indian film industry". Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India ...
.
The film became a trendsetter for many later films with a similar theme. It showed that those who are considered ''Pedda Manushulu'' ( or ) by the society are corrupt. After the film's release, the term ''Pedda Manushulu'' had negative connotations in Telugu culture for a long time.
The film proved K. V. Reddy's capability in directing not only fantasy and mythological films, but also social dramas.
''Donga Ramudu'' (1955)

After
Akkineni Nageswara Rao
Akkineni Nageswara Rao (20 September 1924 – 22 January 2014), known as ANR, was an Indian actor and film producer in Telugu cinema. Over his seven decade career, he became a prominent figures in the industry, and is among most influential ac ...
became a major
movie star
A movie star (also known as a film star or cinema star) is an actor who is famous for their starring, or leading, roles in movies. The term is used for performers who are marketable stars as they become popular household names and whose names ...
in the early 1950s, his friend and mentor
Dukkipati Madhusudhana Rao wanted to launch their own
production company
A production company, production house or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television show, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video ...
.
They established
Annapurna Pictures
Annapurna Pictures is an American independent media company founded by Megan Ellison on April 2, 2011, and based in Los Angeles, California. It is active in film, television theatrical production and video game publishing.
History
Annapurna P ...
, named after Madhusudhana Rao’s stepmother.
Madhusudana Rao, Nageswara Rao, and few others were its partners.
They wanted K. V. Reddy to direct the first film for their banner and waited for more than two years for him.
D. V. Narasaraju, the writer of ''Pedda Manushulu'' was chosen to pen the story and dialogues.
Since he was directing Nageswara Rao for the first time, K. V. Reddy thought it should be different from the actor's earlier films.
He suggested a storyline on brother-sister sentiment with the brother going to any extent, even giving up his life for the sake of his sister.
Madhusudana Rao recollected a short story, ''Loving Brothers'' that he had previously read. In the story, the elder brother commits robberies to educate his younger brother.
Taking only that point, replacing the younger brother with a sister, Narasaraju, Madhusudana Rao and K. V. Reddy wrote the script of ''Donga Ramudu''.
Released on 2 October 1955, ''Donga Ramudu'' became a super hit.
The success of the film established Annapurna Pictures as a leading production house in Telugu cinema. The film was later archived by the curriculum of the
Film and Television Institute of India
The Film and Television Institute of India (FTII) is a film institute under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Government of India and aided by the Central Government of India. ...
.
''Donga Ramudu'' was dubbed in
Tamil
Tamil may refer to:
People, culture and language
* Tamils, an ethno-linguistic group native to India, Sri Lanka, and some other parts of Asia
**Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka
** Myanmar or Burmese Tamils, Tamil people of Ind ...
as ''Thiruttu Raman'' (1956) and was commercially successful.
It was later remade in Hindi as ''
Man-Mauji
''Man Mauji'' () is a 1962 Indian Hindi-language film starring Kishore Kumar and Sadhana in lead roles and directed by Krishnan–Panju. It was Jayalalitha's first Hindi film, in which she played Lord Krishna in a 3-minutes dance sequence with ...
'' (1962) and again in Tamil as ''
Vasanthi'' (1988).
''Mayabazar'' (1957)
K. V. Reddy always had a vision of making a film based on itihas with huge sets similar to
Hollywood
Hollywood usually refers to:
* Hollywood, Los Angeles, a neighborhood in California
* Hollywood, a metonym for the cinema of the United States
Hollywood may also refer to:
Places United States
* Hollywood District (disambiguation)
* Hollywood ...
films. He found support from
Vijaya Productions
Vijaya Vauhini Studios is a film production company based in Chennai, India. It is the combination of Vijaya Productions and Vauhini Studios. B. Nagi Reddy (Bommireddy Nagi Reddy) was the founder of Vijaya Productions and Moola Narayana Swam ...
founded by
Nagi Reddi
Bommireddy Nagi Reddi (2 December 1912 – 25 February 2004) was an Indian film producer primarily associated with Telugu cinema, along with notable contributions to Tamil and Hindi films. He co-founded Vijaya Vauhini Studios in Madras, which ...
and
Chakrapani
Chakrapani may refer to:
* Chakrapani, a name of the Hindu deity Vishnu, the chakra hand d(pani)
People with the surname
* Aluri Chakrapani
Aluru Venkata Subbarao (5 August 1908 – 24 September 1975), popularly known by his pen name Chak ...
.
After the success of ''Pathala Bhairavi'', Vijaya Productions selected the film's technical crew for an adaptation of ''Sasirekha Parinayam'', also known as ''Mayabazar''. The eighth adaptation of the folk tale ''
Sasirekha Parinayam
Sasirekha Parinayam is an Indian Telugu folktale based on oral traditions popular in Telugu States. While it uses characters who appear in the ''Mahabharata'', the story is not present in the epic. The plot concerns the marriage of Sasirekha, ...
'',
it was the studio's first film on itihas.
K. V. Reddy wrote and directed ''
Mayabazar
''Mayabazar'' () is a 1957 Indian epic film, epic Hindu mythological film directed by K. V. Reddy. It was produced by Nagi Reddi and Chakrapani (filmmaker), Chakrapani under their banner, Vijaya Vauhini Studios, Vijaya Productions. The film w ...
'', assisted by
Singeetam Srinivasa Rao
Singeetam Srinivasa Rao (born 21 September 1931) is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, composer, and actor. He is widely regarded as one of India's most versatile and innovative filmmakers. He has directed around sixty films across ...
. It was produced by Nagi Reddi and Chakrapani. Nearly a year was spent on pre-production and casting.
Pingali wrote the story, dialogues, and lyrics.

The film was produced in
Telugu
Telugu may refer to:
* Telugu language, a major Dravidian language of South India
** Telugu literature, is the body of works written in the Telugu language.
* Telugu people, an ethno-linguistic group of India
* Telugu script, used to write the Tel ...
and
Tamil
Tamil may refer to:
People, culture and language
* Tamils, an ethno-linguistic group native to India, Sri Lanka, and some other parts of Asia
**Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka
** Myanmar or Burmese Tamils, Tamil people of Ind ...
versions, with a slightly different cast for each.
N. T. Rama Rao
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996), often referred to by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, film editor, philanthropist, and politician who served as the Chief Minister o ...
, hesitant to play
Krishna
Krishna (; Sanskrit language, Sanskrit: कृष्ण, ) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the eighth avatar of Vishnu and also as the Supreme God (Hinduism), Supreme God in his own right. He is the god of protection, c ...
after a negative response to his cameo appearance in ''
Sonta Ooru'' (1956), agreed at K. V. Reddy's insistence and special care was taken with his costume and body language;
''Mayabazar'' was the first of Rama Rao's many appearances as Krishna. During rehearsals, K. V. Reddy timed his actors with a stopwatch, calculating the length of each scene (including songs) to determine the film's length.
D. S. Ambu Rao, Bartley's assistant, said that ''Mayabazar'' was shot according to the screenplay and Bartley's lighting.
In addition to the principal technicians and actors, a crew of 400, including light men, carpenters, and painters, worked on ''Mayabazar'' during production.
The Telugu version of ''Mayabazar'' was released on 27 March 1957,
and the Tamil version two weeks later on 12 April. Both versions have a film-reel length of . A commercial success, ''Mayabazar'' had a theatrical run of 100 days in 24 theatres and went on to become a
silver jubilee
Silver Jubilee marks a 25th anniversary. The anniversary celebrations can be of a wedding anniversary, the 25th year of a monarch's reign or anything that has completed or is entering a 25-year mark.
Royal Silver Jubilees since 1750
Note: This ...
film with a theatrical run of 175 days (25 weeks)
''Mayabazar'' was the first colourised Telugu film, with its audio remastered from monaural to a
DTS 5.1-channel system.
''Mayabazar'' is considered as a classic in Telugu cinema, particularly in its use of technology.
Various words and phrases, such as "antha alamalame kada" ("Is everything fine?"), "Asamadiyulu" ("Friends"), "Tasamadiyulu" ("Enemies"), "Gilpam" and "Gimbali" ("bed-" and "room-mat"), later became part of Telugu vernacular.
''Pellinaati Pramanalu'' (1958)
K. V. Reddy founded a
production company
A production company, production house or production studio is a studio that creates works in the fields of performing arts, new media art, film, television show, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, music, and video ...
named Jayanthi Pictures, in partnership with P. S. Reddy and
Tikkavarapu Pattabhirama Reddy
Tikkavarapu Pattabhirama Reddy (19 February 1919 – 6 May 2006) was an Indian film screenwriter, producer, director, social activist, poet, and writer known for his pioneering works in Telugu cinema, and Kannada cinema.
Reddy has received thr ...
.
K. V. Reddy liked the film ''
The Seven Year Itch
''The Seven Year Itch'' is a 1955 American romantic comedy film directed by Billy Wilder, who co-wrote the screenplay with George Axelrod. Based on Axelrod's 1952 The Seven Year Itch (play), play of the same name, the film stars Marilyn Monroe ...
'' (1955) and wanted to make a film on the same theme. He initially wanted to make this film for
Annapurna Pictures
Annapurna Pictures is an American independent media company founded by Megan Ellison on April 2, 2011, and based in Los Angeles, California. It is active in film, television theatrical production and video game publishing.
History
Annapurna P ...
' maiden production, but dropped the idea as the producer
D. Madhusudhana Rao was not keen on it.
He chose this idea for Jayanthi Pictures' first project.
Titled ''Pellilnati Pramanalu,'' the film starred Akkineni Nageswara Rao and
Jamuna, with music composed by
Ghantasala. The film was simultaneously made in
Tamil
Tamil may refer to:
People, culture and language
* Tamils, an ethno-linguistic group native to India, Sri Lanka, and some other parts of Asia
**Sri Lankan Tamils, Tamil people native to Sri Lanka
** Myanmar or Burmese Tamils, Tamil people of Ind ...
as ''
Vaazhkai Oppandham'' with a slightly different cast that released the following year.
The Telugu version was released on 12 December 1958 and the Tamil film on 4 September 1959. The Telugu version was above average at the box-office while the Tamil film fared average but recovered its money through pre-selling.
At the
6th National Film Awards
The 6th National Film Awards, then known as State Awards for Films, presented by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India to felicitate the best of Indian Cinema released in the year 1958. Ceremony took place at Vigyan Bhavan, New Del ...
, ''Pellinaati Pramanalu'' won the award for
Best Feature Film in Telugu.
Declining ''Sita Rama Kalyanam'' (1961)
N. T. Rama Rao
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996), often referred to by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, film editor, philanthropist, and politician who served as the Chief Minister o ...
's brother
N. Trivikrama Rao decided to produce a film based on ''Ramayana'' for his company National Art Theatre. Rama Rao's portrayal of the Ravana in ''
Bhookailas'' (1958) earned him critical acclaim.
Also, Ravana's reputation as a renowned Lord
Siva devotee, made Rama Rao consider reprising the role in this film with a more layered representation of the character.
Rama Rao approached his mentor K. V. Reddy to direct the film. But, K. V. Reddy wanted Rama Rao to don the role of
Lord Rama
Rama (; , , ) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the seventh and one of the most popular avatars of Vishnu. In Rama-centric Hindu traditions, he is considered the Supreme Being. Also considered as the ideal man (''maryāda'' ...
and
S. V. Ranga Rao to play the character of
Ravana
According to the Mahakavya, Hindu epic, ''Ramayana'', Ravana was a kingJustin W. Henry, ''Ravana's Kingdom: The Ramayana and Sri Lankan History from Below'', Oxford University Press, p.3 of the island of Lanka, in which he is the chief antag ...
. Since Rama Rao was adamant about playing Ravana, K. V. Reddy declined the offer, saying that he could not envision Rama Rao playing a demon. Rama Rao then decided to direct the film himself, marking his directorial debut with the film titled ''
Sita Rama Kalyanam'' (1961).
''Jagadeka Veeruni Katha'' (1961)
K. V. Reddy's next project was the Vijaya Productions' fantasy film ''
Jagadeka Veeruni Katha
''Jagadekaveeruni Katha'' () is a 1961 Indian Telugu-language fantasy swashbuckler film produced and directed by K. V. Reddy under the Vijaya Productions banner. It stars N. T. Rama Rao, B. Saroja Devi with music composed by Pendyala Nagesw ...
'' (1961). The film was adapted from a popular Tamil
folktale
Oral literature, orature, or folk literature is a genre of literature that is spoken or sung in contrast to that which is written, though much oral literature has been transcribed. There is no standard definition, as anthropologists have used va ...
on which a previous film,
Pakshiraja Films’ ''
Jagathalapratapan'' (1944) was also based.
Screenwriter
Pingali and K. V. Reddy took the core plot from ''Jagathala Prathapan'', but added new characters, made other changes to the story and prepared the script of ''Jagadeka Veeruni Katha'' which made it quite distinct from the 1944 film.
The film starred
N. T. Rama Rao
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996), often referred to by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, film editor, philanthropist, and politician who served as the Chief Minister o ...
,
B. Saroja Devi
Bangalore Saroja Devi (born 7 January 1938) is an Indian actress who has acted in Tamil, Kannada, Telugu and Hindi films. She acted in around 200 films over seven decades. She is known by the epithets "''Abhinaya Saraswathi''" ( Saraswathi of ...
, and
Rajanala with music composed by
Pendyala. Released on 9 August 1961, the film was a box office success.
The film was also dubbed into
Bengali
Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to:
*something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia
* Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region
* Bengali language, the language they speak
** Bengali alphabet, the w ...
,
Hindi
Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...
,
Kannada
Kannada () is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of the population in all neighbouring states. It has 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a ...
,
Odia, and Tamil.
''Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu'' (1963)
K. V. Reddy’s next project was the mythological film ''
Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu
''Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu'' () is a 1963 Indian Telugu-language Hindu mythological film, produced and directed by K. V. Reddy under the Jayanthi Pictures banner.Naati 101 Chitralu, S. V. Rama Rao, Kinnera Publications, Hyderabad, 2006, pp: ...
'' (1963). The film was based on the popular
Telugu play ''
Gayopakhyanam
''Gayopakhyanam'' ( Telugu: గయోపాఖ్యానం) is a Telugu play written by Chilakamarti Lakshmi Narasimham in 1890. It is also called Prachanda Yadavam (The story of fierce Yadava King - Sri Krishna). This play is the forerunner ...
'' written by
Chilakamarti Lakshmi Narasimham
Chilakamarti Lakshmi Narasimham (26 September 1867 – 17 June 1946) was an Indian playwright, novelist and author of short stories, who wrote in the Telugu language. He was a romantic and a social reformer in the tradition founded by Veeresa ...
in 1890. K. V. Reddy also produced the film under the Jayanthi Pictures banner.
The film stars
N. T. Rama Rao
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996), often referred to by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, film editor, philanthropist, and politician who served as the Chief Minister o ...
as
Krishna
Krishna (; Sanskrit language, Sanskrit: कृष्ण, ) is a major deity in Hinduism. He is worshipped as the eighth avatar of Vishnu and also as the Supreme God (Hinduism), Supreme God in his own right. He is the god of protection, c ...
and
Akkineni Nageswara Rao
Akkineni Nageswara Rao (20 September 1924 – 22 January 2014), known as ANR, was an Indian actor and film producer in Telugu cinema. Over his seven decade career, he became a prominent figures in the industry, and is among most influential ac ...
as
Arjuna
Arjuna (, , Help:IPA/Sanskrit, �ɾd͡ʒun̪ə is one of the central characters of the ancient Hindu epic ''Mahabharata''. He is the third of the five Pandava brothers, and is widely regarded as the most important and renowned among them. ...
. Initially, Nageswara Rao was not keen on acting in a mythological film alongside Rama Rao. However, he accepted the role due to his respect towards K. V. Reddy for having directed ''Donga Ramudu'' (1955)'','' the maiden venture of his own production house
Annapurna Pictures
Annapurna Pictures is an American independent media company founded by Megan Ellison on April 2, 2011, and based in Los Angeles, California. It is active in film, television theatrical production and video game publishing.
History
Annapurna P ...
.
''Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu'' became a commercial success.
The film was later dubbed into Kannada and Tamil.
19641970: Decline
''Satya Harishchandra'' (1965)
After the success of ''Sri Krishnarjuna Yuddhamu'' based on popular mythological play ''Gayopakhyanam'', K. V. Reddy planned a film based on another mythological play ''Satya'' ''Harishchandra'' for Vijaya Productions. The songs and poems written by
Balijepalli Lakshmikantha Kavi for his
magnum opus
A masterpiece, , or ; ; ) is a creation that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career or a work of outstanding creativity, skill, profundity, or workmanship.
Historically, ...
play ''Satya Harischandriyamu'' in 1924 were already popular with the audience. However, due to copyright issues, K. V. Reddy could not use those poems.
Pingali wrote new poems and songs for the film. K. V. Reddy also produced the film for Vijaya Productions. The film titled ''
Satya Harishchandra'' starred
N. T. Rama Rao
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996), often referred to by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, film editor, philanthropist, and politician who served as the Chief Minister o ...
in the title role and
S. Varalakshmi
Saridey Varalakshmi (13 August 1925 – 22 September 2009) was an Indian actress and singer who worked in Telugu and Tamil-language films. She was popular for her roles and songs in Telugu films like '' Sri Venkateswara Mahatyam'' (1960) and ...
as Chandramathi. The film released on 22 April 1965 and was a failure at the box-office.
Audience accustomed to the old poems of Lakshmikantha Kavi were disappointed with the new ones and this was attributed as one of the reasons for the failure of the film.
K. V. Reddy produced the film simultaneously in
Kannada
Kannada () is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka in southwestern India, and spoken by a minority of the population in all neighbouring states. It has 44 million native speakers, and is additionally a ...
with
the same title, starring
Dr Rajkumar. The Kannada film was hugely successful at the time of its release and is seen as a milestone in
Kannada cinema
Kannada cinema, also known as Sandalwood, or Chandanavana, is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Kannada language widely spoken in the state of Karnataka. Kannada cinema is based in Gandhi Nagar ...
.
It won the President's silver medal for
Best Feature Film in Kannada at the
13th National Film Awards
The 13th National Film Awards, then known as State Awards for Films, presented by Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, India to felicitate the best of Indian Cinema released in 1965.
Starting with 13th National Film Awards, a new award w ...
.
It also became the third Indian and the first South Indian
black-and-white
Black-and-white (B&W or B/W) images combine black and white to produce a range of achromatic brightnesses of grey. It is also known as greyscale in technical settings.
Media
The history of various visual media began with black and white, ...
film to be digitally coloured in 2008.
''Uma Chandi Gowri Sankarula Katha'' (1968)
K. V. Reddy's next film was ''Uma Chandi Gowri Sankarula Katha'' (1968). It is a
mythological film produced by
Nagi Reddi
Bommireddy Nagi Reddi (2 December 1912 – 25 February 2004) was an Indian film producer primarily associated with Telugu cinema, along with notable contributions to Tamil and Hindi films. He co-founded Vijaya Vauhini Studios in Madras, which ...
and
Chakrapani
Chakrapani may refer to:
* Chakrapani, a name of the Hindu deity Vishnu, the chakra hand d(pani)
People with the surname
* Aluri Chakrapani
Aluru Venkata Subbarao (5 August 1908 – 24 September 1975), popularly known by his pen name Chak ...
under the
Vijaya Productions
Vijaya Vauhini Studios is a film production company based in Chennai, India. It is the combination of Vijaya Productions and Vauhini Studios. B. Nagi Reddy (Bommireddy Nagi Reddy) was the founder of Vijaya Productions and Moola Narayana Swam ...
banner. The film starred
N. T. Rama Rao
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996), often referred to by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, film editor, philanthropist, and politician who served as the Chief Minister o ...
as
Lord Siva
Shiva (; , ), also known as Mahadeva (; , , ɐɦaːd̪eːʋɐh and Hara, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism. He is the Supreme Being in Shaivism, one of the major traditions within Hinduism.
Shiva is known as ''The Destroyer' ...
and
B. Saroja Devi
Bangalore Saroja Devi (born 7 January 1938) is an Indian actress who has acted in Tamil, Kannada, Telugu and Hindi films. She acted in around 200 films over seven decades. She is known by the epithets "''Abhinaya Saraswathi''" ( Saraswathi of ...
in a triple role as Uma, Chandi and Gowri. Released on 11 January 1968, the film was a commercial failure.
''Bhagya Chakramu'' (1968)
After directing two consecutive flop films for Vijaya Productions, technicians and crew who were a part of K. V. Reddy’s team and were being employed by Vijaya Productions on a monthly salary basis were laid off by the company. This caused a stir in the film industry.
K. V. Reddy started directing a folklore film titled ''
Bhagya Chakramu
''Bhagya Chakramu'' () is a 1968 Telugu-language film, directed by K. V. Reddy, and produced by P. S. Reddy under the Jayanthi Pictures banner. It stars N. T. Rama Rao, B. Saroja Devi and music composed by Pendyala Nageswara Rao.
Plot
Once u ...
'' for his own production company, Jayanthi Pictures with N. T. Rama Rao in the lead role. K. V. Reddy clashed with his partners in Jayanthi Pictures during the production. Though he was credited as the director and producer, K. V. Reddy’s involvement in the making of the film was less.
The film released on 13 September 1968 and was also a failure at the box-office.
19711972: Ending on a high note
''Sri Krishna Satya'' (1971)
After the failure of ''Bhagya Chakramu'', K. V. Reddy had no offers for two years. He also felt humiliated by the
layoff
A layoff or downsizing is the temporary suspension or permanent termination of employment of an employee or, more commonly, a group of employees (collective layoff) for business reasons, such as personnel management or downsizing an organization ...
of his collaborators by Vijaya Productions. He was worried about not directing another successful film and ending his career as a director with three failures in his last stage.
He started assisting in the script work of others’ films.
In this situation, N. T. Rama Rao approached him with two scripts written by his collaborator Pingali ''Chanakya Chandragupta'' and ''Sri Krishna Satya''.
He offered K. V. Reddy the choice of directing either of the scripts for Rama Rao's own production house. K. V. Reddy chose the latter.
The plot of ''
Sri Krishna Satya'' is linked to both
Treta Yuga
''Treta Yuga'' (IAST: ''Tretā-yuga'') (Devanagari: त्रेतायुग), in Hinduism, is the second and second-best of the four '' yugas'' (world ages) in a '' Yuga Cycle'', preceded by '' Krita (Satya) Yuga'' and followed by '' Dvapara ...
and
Dvapara Yuga
''Dvapara Yuga'' (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration, IAST: ''Dvāpara-yuga'') (Devanagari: द्वापर युग), in Hinduism, is the third and third-best of the four ''yugas'' (world ages) in a ''Yuga Cycle'', preceded b ...
. The film stars N. T. Rama Rao as Lord Krishna and
Jayalalithaa
Jayaram Jayalalithaa (24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016), popularly known as Amma, was an Indian actress, politician, and philanthropist who served as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu for more than fourteen years between 1991 and 2016. She ...
as his consort
Satyabhama
Satyabhama (IAST'': Satyabhāmā)'' , also known as Satrajiti, is a Hindu goddess and the third queen consort of the Hindu god Krishna. Satyabhama is described as an incarnation of Bhumi, an aspect of Lakshmi. She is the goddess and the per ...
. After shooting a large part of the film, K. V. Reddy fell ill. Then, Rama Rao finished the remaining portions under the supervision of K. V. Reddy. ''Sri Krishna Satya'' released on 24 December 1971 and was commercially successful.
The film won the
Nandi Award
The Nandi Awards are annual awards presented by the Government of Andhra Pradesh to recognise excellence in Telugu cinema, theatre, and television, as well as lifetime achievements in Indian cinema. The awards are named after the monolithic s ...
for
Second Best Feature Film for the year 1971.
Directing the film and its success gave a lot of satisfaction to K. V. Reddy.
He wanted to make one more successful film and then retire to his hometown
Tadipatri
Tadipatri is a city in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh at the border of Nandyala district and Kadapa district. It is a Selection Grade Municipality City Council. Tadipatri is a headquarters of Tadipatri mandal in An ...
. As his health deteriorated, he could not fulfil his wish and died on 15 September 1972.
Personal life
K. V. Reddy married Seshamma. They had nine children five daughters and four sons. When Seshamma was diagnosed with cancer, he was depressed and stopped taking his medicines for
Diabetes
Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough of the hormone insulin, or the cells of th ...
and
Hypertension
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a Chronic condition, long-term Disease, medical condition in which the blood pressure in the artery, arteries is persistently elevated. High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms i ...
.
His children were featured in the song "Bhale Thatha Mana Bapuji" in ''
Donga Ramudu'' (1955). His son Srinivasa Reddy worked as an assistant director to his father on ''Uma Chandi Gowri Sankarula Katha'' (1968) and ''Bhagya Chakramu'' (1968).
Another son K. Ramachandra Reddy was educated at
IIT. He is a
serial entrepreneur
Entrepreneurship is the creation or extraction of economic value in ways that generally entail beyond the minimal amount of risk (assumed by a traditional business), and potentially involving values besides simply economic ones.
An entrepreneu ...
and worked in
US for 30 years.
He founded Moschip Technologies Ltd. in 1999 in
Hyderabad
Hyderabad is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Telangana. It occupies on the Deccan Plateau along the banks of the Musi River (India), Musi River, in the northern part of Southern India. With an average altitude of , much ...
. As of 2015, it is the only publicly traded
fab-less semiconductor
A semiconductor is a material with electrical conductivity between that of a conductor and an insulator. Its conductivity can be modified by adding impurities (" doping") to its crystal structure. When two regions with different doping level ...
company based in India.
K. V. Reddy died on 15 September 1972. His wife also died three months after his death.
Filmmaking style
K. V. Reddy was a
perfectionist who was passionate about filmmaking.
Singeetam Srinivasa Rao
Singeetam Srinivasa Rao (born 21 September 1931) is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, composer, and actor. He is widely regarded as one of India's most versatile and innovative filmmakers. He has directed around sixty films across ...
, who assisted K. V. Reddy for over a decade, mentions that he had a ‘scientific approach’ to filmmaking.
He would always work with a bound script. Everything regarding the film would already be written in the script prior to the commencement of filming dialogues, shot division,
camera angle
The camera angle marks the specific location at which the movie camera or video camera is placed to take a shot. A scene may be shot from several camera angles simultaneously. This will give a different experience and sometimes emotion. The diff ...
s,
prop
A prop, formally known as a (theatrical) property, is an object actors use on stage or screen during a performance or screen production. In practical terms, a prop is considered to be anything movable or portable on a stage or a set, distinct ...
s on the
set
Set, The Set, SET or SETS may refer to:
Science, technology, and mathematics Mathematics
*Set (mathematics), a collection of elements
*Category of sets, the category whose objects and morphisms are sets and total functions, respectively
Electro ...
etc.
Once the script is finalized, he would not make any changes to it during the shooting.
He used
stopwatch
A stopwatch is a timepiece designed to measure the amount of time that elapses between its activation and deactivation.
A large digital version of a stopwatch designed for viewing at a distance, as in a sports stadium, is called a stop clock ...
to time his actors calculating the length of each scene to determine the film's length.
He was careful in finishing the film within the range of
film stock
Film stock is an analog medium that is used for recording motion pictures or animation. It is recorded on by a movie camera, developed,
edited, and projected onto a screen using a movie projector. It is a strip or sheet of transparent pl ...
that was planned to be used during
preproduction
Pre-production is the process of planning some of the elements involved in a film, television show, Play (theatre), play, video game, or other performance, as distinct from Filmmaking, production and post-production. Pre-production ends when th ...
.
He was also mindful of finishing the film within the range of pre-planned budget.
Editing
Editing is the process of selecting and preparing written language, written, Image editing, visual, Audio engineer, audible, or Film editing, cinematic material used by a person or an entity to convey a message or information. The editing p ...
would only start after the completion of shooting.
He was also particular about
casting
Casting is a manufacturing process in which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allowed to solidify. The solidified part is also known as a casting, which is ejected or ...
.
He was insistent on casting N. T. Rama Rao for the role of Lord Krishna in ''Mayabazar'', though many members of the production opposed it.
N. T. Rama Rao followed the filmmaking style of K. V. Reddy after he became a director and was successful.
Collaborators
K. V. Reddy is noted for his collaboration with writer
Pingali which produced many successful films.
K. V. Reddy also introduced
D. V. Narasaraju, who became a noted screenwriter, into the film industry.
He also collaborated with
Marcus Bartley
Marcus Bartley (22 April 1917 14 March 1993) was an Anglo-Indian cinematographer known for his works predominantly in Telugu cinema along with a few Hindi, Malayalam, and Tamil films. He was the cinematographer of all time classics like '' Shav ...
on most of his films.
Pendyala worked as a music composer for seven of his films, while
Ghantasala composed the music for three films.
Ogirala Ramachandra Rao
Ogirala Ramachandra Rao () (1905–1957) was an Indian actor, music director and multi instrumentalist, predominant in Telugu cinema.
Early life and career
Ogirala was born on 10 September 1905 at Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh to Ogirala Janardha ...
and Nagayya composed music for three and two films respectively.
Singeetam Srinivasa Rao
Singeetam Srinivasa Rao (born 21 September 1931) is an Indian film director, screenwriter, producer, composer, and actor. He is widely regarded as one of India's most versatile and innovative filmmakers. He has directed around sixty films across ...
, who would later become a doyen of
South Indian cinema
Cinema of South India, refers to the cinema of the four major film industries in South India; primarily engaged in making feature films in the four major Dravidian languages of the region, namely Telugu cinema, Telugu, Tamil Cinema, Tamil, Ma ...
, worked with K. V. Reddy from ''Donga Ramudu'' (1955) till ''Uma Chandi Gowri Sankarula Katha'' (1968). He initially joined Reddy as an
apprentice
Apprenticeship is a system for training a potential new practitioners of a Tradesman, trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study. Apprenticeships may also enable practitioners to gain a license to practice in ...
and later became an assistant director in his team.
N. T. Rama Rao
Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao (28 May 1923 – 18 January 1996), often referred to by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, film director, film producer, screenwriter, film editor, philanthropist, and politician who served as the Chief Minister o ...
collaborated with him on eight of his films.
Akkineni Nageswara Rao
Akkineni Nageswara Rao (20 September 1924 – 22 January 2014), known as ANR, was an Indian actor and film producer in Telugu cinema. Over his seven decade career, he became a prominent figures in the industry, and is among most influential ac ...
acted in four films of his. Nagayya played the lead role in K. V. Reddy’s first two films ''Bhakta Potana'', ''Yogi Vemana'' and later played supporting roles in three films.
S. V. Ranga Rao acted in three of his films ''Pathala Bhairavi, Pellinaati Pramanalu, Sri Krishna Satya''.
B. Saroja Devi
Bangalore Saroja Devi (born 7 January 1938) is an Indian actress who has acted in Tamil, Kannada, Telugu and Hindi films. She acted in around 200 films over seven decades. She is known by the epithets "''Abhinaya Saraswathi''" ( Saraswathi of ...
played the female lead in four of his films.
Savitri and
Jamuna each played the female lead in two of K. V. Reddy’s films.
Legacy
Noted director
S. S. Rajamouli
Koduri Srisaila Sri Rajamouli ( ; born 10 October 1973) is an Indian filmmaker who works in Telugu cinema. Known for his epic, action and fantasy genre films, he is the highest grossing Indian director of all time, as well as the highest-paid d ...
cited K. V. Reddy as the Indian director who had the biggest influence on him.
A street was named after him in his hometown
Tadipatri
Tadipatri is a city in Anantapur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh at the border of Nandyala district and Kadapa district. It is a Selection Grade Municipality City Council. Tadipatri is a headquarters of Tadipatri mandal in An ...
.
In 2012, on the occasion of K. V. Reddy’s birth centenary, a book on his film career was written by H. Ramesh Babu and Tanneeru Srinivas.
On the centenary of
Indian cinema
The cinema of India, consisting of motion pictures made by the Indian film industry, has had a large effect on world cinema since the second half of the 20th century. Indian cinema is made up of various film industries, each focused on p ...
in April 2013, ''
CNN-IBN
CNN News18 is an Indian English-language news television channel founded by Raghav Bahl based in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is currently co-owned by Network18 Group and Warner Bros. Discovery. CNN provides international coverage for the c ...
'' included ''Pathala Bhairavi'' and ''Mayabazar'' in its list of "100 greatest Indian films of all time".
In an online poll conducted by ''CNN-IBN'' among those 100 films, ''Mayabazar'' was voted by the public as the "greatest Indian film of all time."
Archana Nathan of ''
Scroll.in'' called K. V. Reddy, "the original fantasy movie king". She added that ''Pathala Bhairavi'' successfully revived the adventure fantasy genre when it was declared that the genre had run out of steam.
Vedantam Sripatisarma, a film critic, wrote of him, "Kadiri Venkata Reddy stands out as one of the most seasoned minds of yesteryears who missed no moment in entertaining the viewer even inside a subject involving melancholy and drama. His style of comedy was absolutely unimaginable. His ways never appeared to be contrived. There was this great ease with which he moved his subjects."
Filmography
K. V. Reddy directed 14
feature film
A feature film or feature-length film (often abbreviated to feature), also called a theatrical film, is a film (Film, motion picture, "movie" or simply “picture”) with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole present ...
s.
Other roles
* ''
Satya Harishchandra'' (1965) (Kannada) - Producer
* ''
Swarga Seema
''Swargaseema'' is a 1945 Telugu-language drama film produced and directed by B. N. Reddi and starring V. Nagayya, B. Jayamma and Bhanumathi. The film marked the debut of Ghantasala as a playback singer and Marcus Bartley as a cinematograph ...
'' (1945) - Production manager
* ''
Devata
''Devata'' (pl: ''devatas'', meaning 'the gods') are smaller and more focused Devas (Deities) in Indian religions, such as Hinduism and Buddhism. The term "devata" itself can also mean deva. They can be either male or female. Every human ac ...
'' (1941) - Production manager
*
''Sumangali'' (1940) - Production manager
* ''
Vande Mataram
Vande Mātaram (Bengali language, Original Bengali: বন্দে মাতরম্ ''Bônde Mātôrôm'' Devanagari script: वंदे मातरम्; , Transcreation: I Bow to Thee, Mother) is a poem that was adopted as the nati ...
'' (1939) - Production manager
Awards
;
National Film Awards
The National Film Awards are awards for artistic and technical merit given for "Excellence within the Cinema of India, Indian film industry". Established in 1954, it has been administered, along with the International Film Festival of India ...
*
National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu
The National Film Award for Best Telugu Feature Film is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the National Film Development Corporation of India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kam ...
- ''
Pedda Manushulu'' (1955)
*
National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Telugu
The National Film Award for Best Telugu Feature Film is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the National Film Development Corporation of India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Kam ...
- ''
Pellinaati Pramanalu
''Pellinaati Pramanalu'' () is a 1958 Indian Telugu-language comedy drama film, produced and directed by K. V. Reddy. It stars Akkineni Nageswara Rao and Jamuna, with music composed by Ghantasala. The film was simultaneously made in Tamil a ...
'' (1958)
*
National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Kannada
The National Film Award for Best Kannada Feature Film is one of the National Film Awards presented annually by the National Film Development Corporation of India. It is one of several awards presented for feature films and awarded with Rajat Ka ...
-
''Satya Harishchandra'' (1966)
;
Filmfare Awards South
The Filmfare Awards South are annual awards that honour artistic and technical excellence in the Telugu cinema, Tamil cinema, Malayalam cinema and Kannada cinema. They are presented by ''Filmfare'' magazine of The Times Group. When it was intr ...
*
Filmfare Best Director Award (Telugu)
The Filmfare Best Director Award is one of the main awards presented given by the annual Filmfare Awards to recognise directors working in Hindi cinema. It was first presented in 1954 in the inaugural year.
Superlatives
Bimal Roy has the re ...
- ''
Sri Krishna Satya'' (1972)
In popular culture
K. V. Reddy is portrayed by director
Krish Jagarlamudi
Radhakrishna "Krish" Jagarlamudi (born 10 November 1978) is an Indian film director and screenwriter who works predominantly in Telugu cinema in addition to Hindi cinema, Hindi and Tamil cinema, Tamil films. He has earned numerous accolades throu ...
in the films ''
Mahanati
''Mahanati'' () is a 2018 Indian Telugu cinema, Telugu-language biographical film, biographical drama (film and television), drama film based on the life of actress Savitri (actress), Savitri. It is written and directed by Nag Ashwin, and prod ...
'' (2018) and ''
NTR: Kathanayakudu'' (2019).
Notes
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
External links
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reddy, Kadiri Venkata
1912 births
1972 deaths
Telugu film directors
Film producers from Andhra Pradesh
Filmfare Awards South winners
People from Anantapur district
Film directors from Andhra Pradesh
Telugu film producers
Telugu screenwriters
Screenwriters from Andhra Pradesh
Presidency College, Chennai alumni
20th-century Indian screenwriters