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K-Gruppen (''Kommunistische Gruppen'', "Communist Groups") is a term referring to various Marxist (often
K-Gruppen (''Kommunistische Gruppen'', "Communist Groups") is a term referring to various Marxist (often Maoist
Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic o ...
) organizations that sprang up in West Germany
West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republi ...
at the end of the 1960s, following the collapse of the Sozialistischer Deutscher Studentenbund
The Sozialistische Deutsche Studentenbund — the Socialist German Students' Union or Socialist German Students' League — was founded in 1946 in Hamburg, Germany, as the collegiate branch of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD). In the ...
(SDS). They included the Communist Party of Germany/Marxists–Leninists (KPD/ML), the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Aufbauorganisation)
The Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (Aufbauorganisation) (KPD (AO), Communist Party of Germany (Pre-Party Formation)) was a West German Maoist group founded in 1970. It changed its name to the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD) a year lat ...
(KPD-AO), the Communist League
The Communist League ( German: ''Bund der Kommunisten)'' was an international political party established on 1 June 1847 in London, England. The organisation was formed through the merger of the League of the Just, headed by Karl Schapper, and th ...
(KB) and the Communist League of West Germany
The Communist League of West Germany (''Kommunistischer Bund Westdeutschland''; KBW) was a Maoist organization in West Germany which existed from 1973 until 1985. The KBW contested the general elections in 1976 and 1980 in West Germany and was r ...
(KBW). In 1971 the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution
The Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution ( or BfV, often ''Bundesverfassungsschutz'') is Germany's federal domestic intelligence agency. Together with the Landesämter für Verfassungsschutz (LfV) at the state level, the fed ...
estimated that Germany had around twenty active Maoist groups, with 800 members between them. A few of these groups went on to join the Green Party (now Alliance 90/The Greens
Alliance 90/The Greens (, ), often simply referred to as Greens (, ), is a Green (politics), green political party in Germany. It was formed in 1993 by the merger of the Greens (formed in West Germany in 1980) and Alliance 90 (formed in East Ger ...
) in the late 1970s, while others eventually formed the Marxist–Leninist Party of Germany (MLPD).
See also
*Außerparlamentarische Opposition
The Außerparlamentarische Opposition (German language, German for ''extra-parliamentary opposition'', commonly known as the APO), was a political protest movement in West Germany during the latter half of the 1960s and early 1970s, forming a cen ...
*West German student movement
The West German student movement (), sometimes called the 1968 movement in West Germany (), was a left-wing social movement that consisted of mass student protests in West Germany in 1968. Participants in the movement later came to be known as ...
*New Communist Movement
The New Communist movement (NCM) was a diverse left-wing political movement during the 1970s and 1980s in the United States. The NCM were a movement of the New Left that represented a diverse grouping of Marxist–Leninists and Maoists inspired ...
References
{{reflist External linksThe historical development of West Germany’s new left from a politico-theoretical perspective with particular emphasis on the Marxistische Gruppe and Maoist K-Gruppen
Phd thesis by Matthias Dapprich
Communism in Germany
Außerparlamentarische Opposition
History of West Germany
Maoism in Germany