Jõhvi is a
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than city, cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares ...
in northeastern
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and t ...
, and the administrative centre of the
Ida-Viru County
Ida-Viru County ( et, Ida-Viru maakond or ''Ida-Virumaa'') is one of 15 counties of Estonia. It is the most north-eastern part of the country. The county contains large deposits of oil shale - the main mineral mined in Estonia. Oil shale is use ...
. The town is also an administrative centre of
Jõhvi Parish. It is situated about 50 km west of the
Estonia–Russia international border.
History
Jõhvi was first mentioned as a village in 1241 in
Liber Census Daniae when it was ruled by
Denmark
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, song_type = National and royal anthem
, image_map = EU-Denmark.svg
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark
, establishe ...
. Historical names of Jõhvi were ''Gewi'' and ''Jewe''. In the 13th century a church was built there and Jõhvi became the centre of the local church parish.
On 1 May 1938, the government of Estonia upgraded the official status of Jõhvi from "borough" to that of an independent "town". During the period of
Soviet occupation (1944–1991), Jõhvi was administratively not a town, but a district of the city of
Kohtla-Järve
Kohtla-Järve is a city and municipality in northeastern Estonia, founded in 1924 and incorporated as a town in 1946. The city is highly industrial, and is both a processor of oil shales and is a large producer of various petrochemical products ...
. In 2005, the town of Jõhvi was united with the parish of Jõhvi.
During the period of the Soviet occupation, large numbers of immigrant workers from
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eigh ...
and other parts of the
former USSR
The post-Soviet states, also known as the former Soviet Union (FSU), the former Soviet Republics and in Russia as the near abroad (russian: links=no, ближнее зарубежье, blizhneye zarubezhye), are the 15 sovereign state
A so ...
were brought in to populate the rapidly growing city of Kohtla-Järve, including the then district of Jõhvi.
The population in the Jõhvi area which had been, as of 1934 census, over 90% ethnic Estonian, became overwhelmingly non-Estonian in the second half of the 20th century.
[ According to more recent data, about 55% of the town's population are ethnic ]Russians
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118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
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.
Population
Jõhvi population by year
* the year 1917. 1,300 people
* on April 1, 1938. 2525 people
* on January 1, 1999 12,922 ;
* the year 2000. 12,112 people of whom 6,482 (53.5%) were Russians and 4,022 (33.2%) Estonians;
* the year 2003. 11,743 people
* the year 2005. 11,533 people
* According to the 2011 census, 10,775 people of whom 3,718 (34.5%) are Estonians. Eestlaste arv ja osatähtsus elukoha (asula) järgi, 31. detsember 2011
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Climate
Gallery
File:Jõhvi church.jpg, Jõhvi church
File:Administratiivhoone Jõhvis, Jõhvi keskväljak.JPG, Central square
File:Johvig peasissepaas.JPG, Jõhvi Gymnasium
File:Jõhvi promenaad.JPG, Jõhvi promenade
File:Concert Hall in Jõhvi.jpg, Jõhvi Concert Hall
File:Jõhvi Central Library.JPG, Jõhvi Central Library
File:Johvi town, Estonia.jpg, Jõhvi at night
File:Kaljo Kiisk Monument.jpg, Monument ''in memoriam'' of Kaljo Kiisk
References
External links
{{DEFAULTSORT:Johvi
Cities and towns in Estonia
Former municipalities of Estonia
Kreis Wierland