Juzo Itami

, born , was a Japanese actor, screenwriter and film director. He directed eleven films (one short and ten features), all of which he wrote himself.

He is the namesake of the Juzo Itami Award, founded in 2009 to honor his legacy.

Early life

Itami was born Yoshihiro Ikeuchi in Kyoto. The name Itami was passed on from his father, Mansaku Itami, a renowned satirist and film director before World War II. In his childhood, he went by the name Takehiko Ikeuchi (池内 岳彦).

At the end of the war, in Kyoto, Itami was chosen as a prodigy and educated in a ("special scientific education class"), where he began to be trained as a future scientist who was expected to defeat the Allied powers. Among his fellow students were the sons of Hideki Yukawa and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. The program was abolished in March 1947.

He moved from Kyoto to Ehime Prefecture when he was a high school student. He attended the prestigious Matsuyama Higashi High School, where he was known for being able to read works by Arthur Rimbaud in French. Due to his poor academic record, he had to remain in the same class for two years; it was here that he became acquainted with Kenzaburō Ōe, who later married his sister.

When he was unable to graduate from Matsuyama Higashi High School, he transferred to Matsuyama Minami High School and graduated thereafter. After failing the entrance exam for the College of Engineering at Osaka University, Itami worked at times as a commercial designer and writer, illustrator, television reporter, and essayist. He was also the editor-in-chief for the 1980s psychoanalytic magazine ''Mon Oncle''.

In his early acting days, Itami lived in London. By the time he became a director, he spoke English near-flawlessly, although preferred to use an interpreter during interviews.

Itami was the brother-in-law of Kenzaburō Ōe and an uncle of Hikari Ōe.

Acting career

Itami studied acting at an acting school called Butai Geijutsu Gakuin in Tokyo. In January 1960 he joined Daiei Film and was given the stage name by Masaichi Nagata. In May 1960, Itami married , the daughter of film producer Nagamasa Kawakita. He first acted on screen in ''Ginza no Dora-Neko'' (1960). In 1961 he left Daiei and started to appear in foreign-language films such as '' 55 Days at Peking''. In 1965 he appeared in the big-budget Anglo-American film '' Lord Jim''. In 1965 he published a book of essays which became a hit, ''Yoroppa Taikutsu Nikki'' ("Diary of Boredom in Europe"). In 1966 he and Kazuko agreed to divorce.

In 1967, when working with director Nagisa Ōshima on the set of '' Sing a Song of Sex'' (''Nihon Shunka Kō'') he met Nobuko Miyamoto. He and Miyamoto married in 1969 and had two sons in the following years. Around this time, he changed his stage name to "伊丹 十三" (Itami Jūzō) with the kanji "十" (ten) rather than "一" (one), and with 十三 meaning "thirteen", and worked as a character actor in film and television.

In 1968 he played Saburo Ishihara, the father of Takeshi and Koji during the second season of the children's series ''Cometto-san''. He became well known for this role in many Spanish-speaking countries, along with Yumiko Kokonoe who played the lead role.

In the 1970s, he joined the TV Man Union television production company and produced and presented documentaries for television, which influenced his later career as a film director. He also worked as a reporter for a TV program called ''Afternoon Show''.

In 1983, Itami played the father in both Yoshimitsu Morita's '' The Family Game'' and in Kon Ichikawa's '' The Makioka Sisters,'' roles for which he won the Hochi Film Award and Best Supporting Actor at the Yokohama Film Festival.

Along with his acting career, he translated several English books into Japanese, including ''Papa, You're Crazy'' by William Saroyan, ''The Kitchen Sink Papers: My Life as a Househusband'' by Mike McGrady, and ''The Potato Book'' by Myrna Davis and Truman Capote.

Director

Itami's debut as director was the movie '' The Funeral (Osōshiki'') in 1984, at the age of 51. This film proved popular in Japan and won many awards, including Japanese Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Screenplay. However, it was his second movie, the 1985 comedy film, or self-described "noodle western" '' Tampopo'', that earned him international exposure and acclaim.

His following film '' A Taxing Woman'' (1987) was again highly successful. It won six major Japanese Academy awards and spawned a sequel '' A Taxing Woman's Return'' in 1988. The central character, played by his wife Nobuko Miyamoto who appeared in all his films, became a pop culture heroine. This was followed by his fifth film '' A-Ge-Man: Tales of a Golden Geisha''.

Itami directed the anti-'' yakuza'' satire '' Minbo: the Gentle Art of Japanese Extortion'' as his sixth feature. On May 22, 1992, six days after the release of the film, Itami was attacked, beaten, and slashed on the face by five members of the Goto-gumi, a Shizuoka-based ''yakuza'' clan, who were angry at Itami's film's portrayal of gang members. In an interview with the ''New York Times'', he described the attack, saying, "They cut very slowly; they took their time. They could have killed me if they wanted."The New York Times
/ref> This attack led to a government crackdown on the ''yakuza''.

His subsequent stay in a hospital inspired his next film '' Daibyonin'' (1993), a grim satire on the Japanese health system. During a showing of this film in Japan, a cinema screen was slashed by a right-wing protester.

Before his death, he directed another three films: ''A Quiet Life'' (based on the Kenzaburō Ōe novel), '' Supermarket Woman'', and ''Woman in Witness Protection''.

Recurring cast members

Itami frequently re-cast actors whom he had worked with on previous films.

Death

Itami died on December 20, 1997 in Tokyo after falling from the roof of the building where his office was located. On his desk was found a suicide note written on a word processor stating that he had been falsely accused of an affair and was taking his life to clear his name. Two days later, a tabloid magazine published a report of such an affair.

However, no one in Itami's family believed that he would have taken his life or that he would be mortally embarrassed by a real or alleged affair. In 2008, a former member of the Goto-gumi '' yakuza'' group told reporter Jake Adelstein: "We set it up to stage his murder as a suicide. We dragged him up to the rooftop and put a gun in his face. We gave him a choice: jump and you might live or stay and we'll blow your face off. He jumped. He didn't live." The attack is thought to have been due to the topic of Itami's next film, which was rumored to have been focusing on connections between the Goto-gumi and the cult-like Soka Gakkai religious group.

Tributes

His brother-in-law and childhood friend Kenzaburō Ōe wrote '' The Changeling'' (2000) based on their relationship.

There is a Juzo Itami museum in Matsuyama. The memorial museum was designed by architect Yoshifumi Nakamura and contains a special exhibition, rotating its displays every 1–2 years, a permanent exhibition, divided up into thirteen sections to reflect the "thirteen" meaning of Itami's name, and an outdoor courtyard. It also houses a cafe named "Café Tampopo" after the film.

Filmography

As an actor

As director

Awards

* 1985 Japan Academy Prize for Director of the Year—'' The Funeral''
* 1988 Japan Academy Prize for Director of the Year—'' A Taxing Woman''

Notes

References

External links

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Juzo Itami's grave

Itami Juzo Museum

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Itami Juzo
1933 births
1997 deaths
20th-century Japanese male actors
Critics of Sōka Gakkai
Male actors from Kyoto
Japan Academy Prize for Director of the Year winners
Japanese film directors
Japanese male film actors
Japanese male television actors
Japanese satirists
Japanese comedy film directors
Japanese satirical film directors
Suicides by jumping in Japan
Yakuza film directors
1997 suicides