(22 October 1197 – 7 October 1242) was the 84th

emperor of Japan The emperor of Japan is the hereditary monarch and head of state of Japan. The emperor is defined by the Constitution of Japan as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, his position deriving from "the will of ...

, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1210 through 1221, a part of Japan's

Kamakura Period The is a period of History of Japan, Japanese history that marks the governance by the Kamakura shogunate, officially established in 1192 in Kamakura, Kanagawa, Kamakura by the first ''shōgun'' Minamoto no Yoritomo after the conclusion of the G ...

Genealogy

Before his ascension to the

Chrysanthemum Throne The is the throne of the Emperor of Japan. The term also can refer to very specific seating, such as the throne in the Shishin-den at Kyoto Imperial Palace. Various other thrones or seats that are used by the Emperor during official functions ...

, his personal name (his ''imina'') was . He was the third son of

Emperor Go-Toba was the 82nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1183 through 1198. This 12th-century sovereign was named after Emperor Toba, and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as "later"; ...

. His mother was Shigeko (重子), the daughter of Fujiwara Hanki (藤原範季) *Empress (''chūgū''): Kujō

Fujiwara no Ritsushi Fujiwara no Ritsushi (九条立子; 1192 – 18 January 1248) was Empress of Japan as the consort of Emperor Juntoku. In 1226, she ordained as a Buddhist nun and received the Dharma name Seijōkan (清浄観). Children: *Second daughter: Impe ...

(?) (九条（藤原）立子) later Higashiichijō-in (東一条院), Kujo Yoshitsune's daughter **Second daughter: Imperial Princess Taiko (諦子内親王; 1217–1243) later Gekgimon'in (明義門院) **Third son: Imperial Prince Kanenari (懐成親王) later

Emperor Chūkyō (30 October 1218 – 18 June 1234) was the 85th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned only two months in 1221, and he was not officially listed amongst the emperors until 1870 because of doubts ca ...

*Lady-in-waiting: Toku-Naishi (督典侍), Fujiwara Norimitsu's Daughter **Fourth son: Prince Hikonari (彦成王; 1219–1286) **Sixth son: Imperial Prince Yoshimune (善統親王; 1233–1317) *Consort: Fujiwara Noriko (藤原位子), Bomon Nobukiyo's daughter ** First Daughter: Imperial Princess Jōko (穠子内親王; 1216-1279）later Eianmon'in（永安門院) *Consort: Fujiwara Kiyotaka's Daughter ** First Son: Imperial Prince Priest Sonkaku (尊覚法親王; 1215–1264) ** Second Son: Imperial Prince Priest Kaku'e (覚恵法親王; b.1217) ** Fifth son: Prince Iwakura no Miya Tadanari (岩倉宮忠成王; 1222–1279) * Consort: Saishō-no-Tsubone (宰相局), Priest's daughter ** Son:

Kangan Giin Kangan Giin (寒巌義尹, 1217–1300) was a disciple of Dōgen and the founder of the Higo school of Sōtō Zen Buddhism. It has been claimed that his father was Emperor Go-Toba or Emperor Juntoku. He did much evangelization work in Kyūshū, w ...

*Mother unknown: ** Daughter: Princess Yoshiko (慶子女王; 1225-1286） ** Daughter: Princess Tadako (忠子女王; 1232-1249） ** Son: Prince Chitose (千歳宮; 1237-1254）

Events of Juntoku's life

Morinari-shinnō became

Crown Prince A crown prince or hereditary prince is the heir apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The female form of the title, crown princess, is held by a woman who is heir apparent or is married to the heir apparent. ''Crown prince ...

in 1200. He was elevated to the throne after

pressured

Emperor Tsuchimikado was the 83rd emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 土御門天皇 (83)/ref> according to the traditional order of succession.Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). ''The Imperial House of Japan,'' pp. 86–87. Tsuchimikado's reig ...

into abdicating. * 12 December 1210 ('' Jōgen 1, 25th day of the 11th month''): In the 12th year of Tsuchimikado''-tennō''s reign (土御門天皇十二年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by his younger brother, the second son of the former-Emperor Go-Toba. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Juntoku is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui''). In actuality, Emperor Go-Toba wielded effective power as a

cloistered emperor A is the term for a Japanese emperor who had abdicated and entered the Buddhist monastic community by receiving the '' Pravrajya'' rite. The term can also be shortened to . Cloistered emperors sometimes acted as ''Daijō Tennō'' (retired emperor ...

during the years of Juntoku's reign. In 1221, he was forced to abdicate because of his participation in Go-Toba's unsuccessful attempt to displace the

Kamakura bakufu The was the Japanese feudalism, feudal military government of Japan during the Kamakura period from 1185 to 1333.Louis-Frédéric, Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Kamakura-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 459. The Kamakura shogunate ...

with re-asserted Imperial power. This political and military struggle was called the

Jōkyū War , also known as the Jōkyū Disturbance or the Jōkyū Rebellion, was fought in Japan between the forces of Retired Emperor Go-Toba and those of the Hōjō clan, regents of the Kamakura shogunate, whom the retired emperor was trying to overthro ...

or the Jōkyū Incident (''Jōkyū-no ran''). JuntokuGotobaTennoRyo

After the ''Jōkyū-no ran'', Juntoku was sent into exile on

Sado Island is an island located in the eastern part of the Sea of Japan, under the jurisdiction of Sado City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, with a coastline of . In October 2017, Sado Island had a population of 55,212 people. Sado Island covers an area of ...

(佐渡島 or 佐渡ヶ島, both ''Sadogashima''), where he remained until his death in 1242.Bornoff, Nicholas. (2005). ''National Geographic Traveler Japan,'' p. 193. This emperor is known posthumously as Sado-no In (佐渡院) because his last years were spent at Sado. He was buried in a mausoleum, the Mano Goryo, on Sado's west coast. Juntoku's official Imperial tomb (''misasagi'') is in Kyoto. Juntoku was tutored in poetry by

Fujiwara no Sadaie was a Japanese anthologist, calligrapher, literary critic,"The high quality of poetic theory (''karon'') in this age depends chiefly upon the poetic writings of Fujiwara Shunzei and his son Teika. The other theorists of ''tanka'' writing, sti ...

, who was also known as Teika. One of the emperor's poems was selected for inclusion in what became a well-known anthology, the

Ogura Hyakunin Isshu is a classical Japanese anthology of one hundred Japanese ''waka'' by one hundred poets. ''Hyakunin isshu'' can be translated to "one hundred people, one poem ach; it can also refer to the card game of ''uta-garuta'', which uses a deck compos ...

. This literary legacy in Teika's collection of poems has accorded Juntoku a continuing popular prominence beyond the scope of his other lifetime achievements. The poets and poems of the Hyakunin isshu form the basis for a card game ('' uta karuta'') which is still widely played today.

''Kugyō''

''Kugyō'' (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the

Emperor of Japan The emperor of Japan is the hereditary monarch and head of state of Japan. The emperor is defined by the Constitution of Japan as the symbol of the Japanese state and the unity of the Japanese people, his position deriving from "the will of ...

in pre-

Meiji Meiji, the romanization of the Japanese characters 明治, may refer to: Japanese history * Emperor Meiji, Emperor of Japan between 1867 and 1912 ** Meiji era, the name given to that period in Japanese history *** Meiji Restoration, the revolution ...

eras. In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During juntoku's reign, this apex of the ''

Daijō-kan The , also known as the Great Council of State, was (i) (''Daijō-kan'') the highest organ of Japan's premodern Imperial government under the Ritsuryō legal system during and after the Nara period or (ii) (''Dajō-kan'') the highest organ of Jap ...

'' included: * '' Kampaku'',

Konoe Iezane , son of Motomichi, was a court noble (''Kugyō'') of the early Kamakura period. His sons include: Takatsukasa Kanehira, and Konoe Kanetsune. In 1206 when Kujō Yoshitune died, he became the head of the Fujiwara family and Sesshō. The same ...

, d. 1242. * ''

Sadaijin The ''Kenkyusha's New Japanese-English Dictionary'', Kenkyusha Limited, was a government position in Japan during the Asuka to Meiji era. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the ''Sadaijin'' in the context of a cent ...

'' * ''

Udaijin was a government position in Japan during the Asuka to Meiji era. The position was consolidated in the Taihō Code of 701. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the ''Udaijin'' in the context of a central administrat ...

'' * ''

Nadaijin The , literally meaning "Inner Minister", was an ancient office in the Japanese Imperial Court. Its role, rank and authority varied throughout the pre- Meiji period of Japanese history, but in general remained as a significant post under the Ta ...

'' * ''

Dainagon was a counselor of the first rank in the Imperial court of Japan. The role dates from the 7th century. This advisory position remained a part of the Imperial court from the 8th century until the Meiji period in the 19th century.Nussbaum, "Dainag ...

Eras of Juntoku's reign

The years of Juntoku's reign are more specifically identified by more than one

era name A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of rule, a t ...

or ''

nengō The or , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being "", meaning "origin, basis"), followed b ...

''.Titsingh, p. 230; Brown, p. 341. * '' Jōgen'' (1207–1211) * ''

Kenryaku was a after '' Jōgen'' and before '' Kempo.'' This period spanned the years from March 1211 through December 1213. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 1211 : The new era name was created because the previous era ended and a new one co ...

'' (1211–1213) * '' Kempō'' (1213–1219) * ''

Jōkyū , also called Shōkyū, was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) after ''Kempo (era), Kempō'' and before ''Jōō (Kamakura period), Jōō.'' This period spanned the years from April 1219 through April 1222.Nussbaum, Louis-Fr ...

'' (1219–1222)

Ancestry

Notes

References

* Bornoff, Nicholas. (2005). ''National Geographic Traveler Japan.'' Washington, D.C.:

National Geographic Society The National Geographic Society, headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States, is one of the largest nonprofit scientific and educational organizations in the world. Founded in 1888, its interests include geography, archaeology, natural sc ...

. * Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Jien, c. 1220">Jien.html" ;"title="Jien">Jien, c. 1220 ''Gukanshō">Jien">Jien<_a>,_c._1220.html" ;"title="Jien.html" ;"title="Jien">Jien, c. 1220">Jien.html" ;"title="Jien">Jien, c. 1220 ''Gukanshō''
''The Future and the Past, a translation and study of the Gukanshō, an interpretative history of Japan written in 1219''
. Berkeley: University of California Press. * Mostow, Joshua S., ed. (1996). ''Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image.'' Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. * Richard Ponsonby-Fane, Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959)
''The Imperial House of Japan.''
Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society
OCLC 194887
* Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652">Hayashi_Gahō.html" ;"title="iyun-sai Rin-siyo/

iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652 ''Nipon o daï itsi ran">Hayashi Gahō">iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652">Hayashi_Gahō.html" ;"title="iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō">iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652 ''Nipon o daï itsi ran''; ou
''Annales des empereurs du Japon.''
Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, commonly known as the Royal Asiatic Society, was established, according to its royal charter of 11 August 1824, to further "the investigation of subjects connected with and for the encourag ...

. * Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa">H. Paul Varley">Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359">Kitabatake_Chikafusa.html" ;"title="H. Paul Varley">Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa">H. Paul Varley">Varley, H. Paul , ed. (1980). [ Kitabatake Chikafusa, 1359 ''Jinnō Shōtōki'' (
A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki
'' New York:

Columbia University Press Columbia University Press is a university press based in New York City New York, often called New York City (NYC), is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's la ...

. {{DEFAULTSORT:Juntoku Emperors of Japan 1197 births 1242 deaths

Emperor Juntoku (22 October 1197 – 7 October 1242) was the 84th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1210 through 1221, a part of Japan's Kamakura Period. Genealogy Before his ascension to the C ...

13th-century Japanese poets 13th-century Japanese monarchs Hyakunin Isshu poets Sons of Japanese emperors

Genealogy

Events of Juntoku's life

''Kugyō''

Eras of Juntoku's reign

Ancestry

See also

Notes

References