United States senator The United States Senate consists of 100 members, two from each of the 50 U.S. state, states. This list includes all senators serving in the 119th United States Congress. Party affiliation Independent Senators Angus King of Maine and Berni ...

s are conventionally ranked by the length of their tenure in the Senate. The senator in each

U.S. state In the United States, a state is a constituent political entity, of which there are 50. Bound together in a political union, each state holds governmental jurisdiction over a separate and defined geographic territory where it shares its so ...

with the longer time in office is known as the ''senior senator''; the other is the ''junior senator''. This convention has no official standing, though seniority confers several benefits, including preference in the choice of committee assignments and physical offices. When senators have been in office for the same length of time, a number of tiebreakers, including previous offices held, are used to determine seniority. By tradition, the longest serving senator of the majority party is named president pro tempore of the Senate, the second-highest office in the Senate and the third in the line of succession to the presidency of the United States.

Benefits of seniority

The

United States Constitution The Constitution of the United States is the Supremacy Clause, supreme law of the United States, United States of America. It superseded the Articles of Confederation, the nation's first constitution, on March 4, 1789. Originally includi ...

does not mandate differences in rights or power, but Senate rules give more power to senators with more seniority. Generally, senior senators will have more power, especially within their own caucuses. There are several benefits, including the following: * Traditionally, the most senior member of the majority party is named president pro tempore of the Senate. * Senators are given preferential treatment in choosing

committee A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly or other form of organization. A committee may not itself be considered to be a form of assembly or a decision-making body. Usually, an assembly o ...

assignments based on seniority. Seniority on a committee is based on length of time serving on that committee, which means a senator may rank above another in committee seniority but be more junior in the full Senate. Although the committee chairmanship is an elected position, it is traditionally given to the most senior senator of the majority party serving on the committee, and not already holding a conflicting position such as chairmanship of another committee. The

ranking member In United States politics, a ranking member is the most senior member of a congressional or state legislative committee from the minority party. On many committees the ranking minority member, along with the Chair, serve as ''ex officio'' members ...

of a committee (called the vice-chairman in some select committees) is elected in the same way. * Greater seniority enables a senator to choose a desk closer to the front of the Senate Chamber. * Senators with higher seniority may choose to move into better office space as those offices are vacated. * Seniority determines the ranking in the

United States order of precedence The United States order of precedence is an advisory document maintained by the Ceremonials Division of the Office of the Chief of Protocol of the United States which lists the ceremonial order, or relative preeminence, for domestic and foreign ...

Determining the beginning of a term

The beginning of an appointment does not necessarily coincide with the date the Senate convenes or when the new senator is sworn in.

General elections

In the case of senators first elected in a general election for the upcoming Congress, their terms begin on the first day of the new Congress. For most of American history this was March 4 of odd-numbered years, but effective from 1935 the 20th Amendment moved this to January 3 of odd-numbered years.

Run-off elections and special elections

In the case of senators elected in a run-off election occurring after the commencement of a new term, or a special election, their seniority date will be the date they are sworn in and not the first day of that Congress. A senator may be simultaneously elected to fill a term in a special election and elected to the six-year term which begins on the upcoming January 3. Their seniority is that of someone chosen in a special election.

Appointments

The seniority date for an appointed senator is usually the date of the appointment, although the actual term does not begin until they take the oath of office. An incoming senator who holds another office, including membership in the

U.S. House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Article One of th ...

, must resign from that office before becoming a senator. In the 1970s, some senators would resign a few days or weeks early so that their successor may be appointed to the seat and have greater seniority than other freshmen. In 1980, party rule changes removed seniority advantages in such cases.

Determining length of seniority

A senator's seniority is primarily determined by length of continuous service; for example, a senator who has served for 12 years is more senior than one who has served for 10 years. Because several new senators usually join at the beginning of a new Congress, seniority is further determined by prior federal or state government service and, if necessary, the amount of time spent in the tiebreaking office. These tiebreakers in order are: # Former senator # Former

vice president of the United States The vice president of the United States (VPOTUS) is the second-highest ranking office in the Executive branch of the United States government, executive branch of the U.S. federal government, after the president of the United States, and ranks f ...

# Former member of the

United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Artic ...

# Former member of the

Cabinet of the United States The Cabinet of the United States is the principal official advisory body to the president of the United States. The Cabinet generally meets with the president in Cabinet Room (White House), a room adjacent to the Oval Office in the West Wing of ...

# Former state

governor A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the ...

# Population of state based on the most recent

census A census (from Latin ''censere'', 'to assess') is the procedure of systematically acquiring, recording, and calculating population information about the members of a given Statistical population, population, usually displayed in the form of stati ...

when the senator took office When more than one senator had such office, its length of time is used to break the tie. For instance,

Jerry Moran Gerald Wesley Moran ( ; born May 29, 1954) is an American lawyer and politician who is the senior United States senator from Kansas, a seat he has held since 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he was chair of the National Republican Senato ...

John Boozman John Nichols Boozman ( ; born December 10, 1950) is an American politician and former optometrist serving as the senior United States senator from Arkansas, a seat he has held since 2011. A member of the Republican Party, he was the U.S. repre ...

John Hoeven John Henry Hoeven III ( ; born March 13, 1957) is an American banker and politician serving as the senior U.S. senator from North Dakota, a seat he has held since 2011. A member of the Republican Party, Hoeven served as the 31st governor of N ...

Ron Johnson Ronald Harold Johnson (born April 8, 1955) is an American businessman and politician serving as the Seniority in the United States Senate, senior United States Senate, United States senator from Wisconsin, a seat he has held since 2011. A Rep ...

Rand Paul Randal Howard Paul (born January 7, 1963) is an American politician serving as the Seniority in the United States Senate, junior United States senator from Kentucky since 2011. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican ...

Richard Blumenthal Richard Blumenthal ( ; born February 13, 1946) is an American politician, lawyer, and United States Marine Corps, Marine Corps veteran serving as the Seniority in the United States Senate, senior United States Senate, United States senator from ...

, and

Mike Lee Michael Shumway Lee (born June 4, 1971) is an American lawyer and politician serving as the senior United States senator from Utah, a seat he has held since 2011. A member of the Republican Party, Lee became Utah's senior senator in 2019, whe ...

all took office on January 3, 2011. The first two senators mentioned had served in the House of Representatives: Moran had served for 14 years and Boozman for nine. As a former governor, Hoeven was ranked immediately after the former House members. The rest were ranked by population as of the 2000 census. These ranked from 27th to 33rd in seniority when the

119th United States Congress The 119th United States Congress is the current term of the United States Congress, legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It convened on ...

convened. If two senators are tied on all criteria, the one whose surname comes first alphabetically is considered the senior senator. This happened with

Jon Ossoff Thomas Jonathan Ossoff ( ; born February 16, 1987) is an American politician serving as the Seniority in the United States Senate, senior United States Senate, United States senator from Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia since 2021. A member of the ...

and

Raphael Warnock Raphael Gamaliel Warnock ( ; born July 23, 1969) is an American politician and Baptists, Baptist pastor serving as the Seniority in the United States Senate, junior United States Senate, United States senator from Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia, ...

, both of Georgia, who were sworn in on January 20, 2021. Because they were both newly elected senators from the same state, with no prior government service, no other tie-breaking criteria could be used. The Senate's official records, as well as the Democratic Caucus, thus consider Ossoff, whose name comes first alphabetically and elected to a full six-year term, as the senior senator.

Current seniority list

Only relevant factors are listed below. For senators whose seniority is based on their state's respective population, the state population ranking is given as determined by the relevant

United States census The United States census (plural censuses or census) is a census that is legally mandated by the Constitution of the United States. It takes place every ten years. The first census after the American Revolution was taken in 1790 United States ce ...

current at the time that they began service. The most senior senators by class are Maria Cantwell (D-Washington) from Class 1, Mitch McConnell (R-Kentucky) from Class 2, and Chuck Grassley (R-Iowa) from Class 3. Cantwell is the most senior senator from her class while being the junior senator from her state. {{Row numbers, {, class{{="wikitable sortable" , - valign{{=bottom !Current
rank !Historical
rank{{efn , name=rank, "Historical rank" refers to the senator's seniority over the entire history of the Senate since 1789. This is an absolute number that does not change from one Congress to the next. !Senator !colspan{{=2 , Party !State !Seniority date !Other factors !Committee and
leadership positions , - !_row_count !1743 , {{sortname, Chuck, Grassley , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Republican ,

Iowa Iowa ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the upper Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri River and Big Sioux River to the west; Wisconsin to the northeast, Ill ...

, January 3, 1981 , rowspan{{=4 , , President pro tempore
Chair:

Judiciary The judiciary (also known as the judicial system, judicature, judicial branch, judiciative branch, and court or judiciary system) is the system of courts that adjudicates legal disputes/disagreements and interprets, defends, and applies the law ...

, - !_row_count !1766 , {{sortname, Mitch, McConnell ,

Kentucky Kentucky (, ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio to the north, West Virginia to the ...

, January 3, 1985 , Chair:

Rules Rule or ruling may refer to: Human activity * The exercise of political or personal control by someone with authority or power * Business rule, a rule pertaining to the structure or behavior internal to a business * School rule, a rule tha ...

, - !_row_count !1812 , {{sortname, Patty, Murray , rowspan{{=4 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=4 , Democratic , Washington , January 3, 1993 , President pro tempore emerita
Vice Chair: Appropriations , - !_row_count !1827 , {{sortname, Ron, Wyden ,

Oregon Oregon ( , ) is a U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is a part of the Western U.S., with the Columbia River delineating much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington (state), Washington, while t ...

, February 6, 1996 , Ranking Member:

Finance Finance refers to monetary resources and to the study and Academic discipline, discipline of money, currency, assets and Liability (financial accounting), liabilities. As a subject of study, is a field of Business administration, Business Admin ...

, - !_row_count !1831 , {{sortname, Dick, Durbin ,

Illinois Illinois ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern United States. It borders on Lake Michigan to its northeast, the Mississippi River to its west, and the Wabash River, Wabash and Ohio River, Ohio rivers to its ...

, rowspan{{=3 , January 3, 1997 , Former House member (14 years) , Senate Minority Whip
Ranking Member:

, - !_row_count !1835 , {{sortname, Jack, Reed, dab=Rhode Island politician ,

Rhode Island Rhode Island ( ) is a state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Connecticut to its west; Massachusetts to its north and east; and the Atlantic Ocean to its south via Rhode Island Sound and Block Is ...

, Former House member (6 years) , Ranking Member:

Armed Services A military, also known collectively as armed forces, is a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare. Militaries are typically authorized and maintained by a sovereign state, with their members identifiable by a d ...

, - !_row_count !1842 , {{sortname, Susan, Collins , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , Republican ,

Maine Maine ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the United States, and the northeasternmost state in the Contiguous United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Provinces and ...

, , Chair: Appropriations , - !_row_count !1844 , {{sortname, Chuck, Schumer , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

New York New York most commonly refers to: * New York (state), a state in the northeastern United States * New York City, the most populous city in the United States, located in the state of New York New York may also refer to: Places United Kingdom * ...

, rowspan{{=2 , January 3, 1999 , Former House member (18 years) ,

Senate Minority Leader The positions of majority leader and minority leader are held by two United States senators and people of the party leadership of the United States Senate. They serve as chief spokespersons for their respective political parties, holding the ...

, - !_row_count !1846 , {{sortname, Mike, Crapo , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , Republican ,

Idaho Idaho ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Pacific Northwest and Mountain states, Mountain West subregions of the Western United States. It borders Montana and Wyoming to the east, Nevada and Utah to the south, and Washington (state), ...

, Former House member (6 years) , Republican Chief Deputy Whip
Chair:

, - !_row_count !1859 , {{sortname, Maria, Cantwell{{efn , Maria Cantwell (#10) is the Senate's most senior junior senator. , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic , Washington , January 3, 2001 , rowspan{{=5 , , Ranking Member:

Commerce Commerce is the organized Complex system, system of activities, functions, procedures and institutions that directly or indirectly contribute to the smooth, unhindered large-scale exchange (distribution through Financial transaction, transactiona ...

, - !_row_count !1867 , {{sortname, John, Cornyn , rowspan{{=4 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=4 , Republican ,

Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...

, December 2, 2002{{efn , name="Appointment" , The seniority date for an appointed senator is the date of the appointment, not necessarily the date of taking the oath of office. See Determining the beginning of a term, above. , Chair: Narcotics Caucus , - !_row_count !1868 , {{sortname, Lisa, Murkowski ,

Alaska Alaska ( ) is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America. Part of the Western United States region, it is one of the two non-contiguous U.S. states, alongside Hawaii. Alaska is also considered to be the north ...

, December 20, 2002{{efn , name=Appointment , Chair: Indian Affairs , - !_row_count !1870 , {{sortname, Lindsey, Graham ,

South Carolina South Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders North Carolina to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast, and Georgia (U.S. state), Georg ...

, January 3, 2003 , Chair:

Budget A budget is a calculation plan, usually but not always financial plan, financial, for a defined accounting period, period, often one year or a month. A budget may include anticipated sales volumes and revenues, resource quantities including tim ...

, - !_row_count !1879 , {{sortname, John, Thune ,

South Dakota South Dakota (; Sioux language, Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state, state in the West North Central states, North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Dakota people, Dakota Sioux ...

, January 3, 2005 ,

Senate Majority Leader The positions of majority leader and minority leader are held by two United States senators and people of the party leadership of the United States Senate. They serve as chief spokespersons for their respective political parties, holding the ...

, - !_row_count !1887 , {{sortname, Bernie, Sanders , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Independent" , , Independent ,

Vermont Vermont () is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, New Hampshire to the east, New York (state), New York to the west, and the Provinces and territories of Ca ...

, rowspan{{=3 , January 3, 2007 , Former House member , Chair: Democratic Outreach Committee
Ranking Member:

HELP Help may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media Films * Help (2010 film), ''Help'' (2010 film), a Bollywood horror film * Help (2021 theatrical film), ''Help'' (2021 theatrical film), a British psychological thriller film * Help (2021 TV ...

, - !_row_count !1893 , {{sortname, Amy, Klobuchar , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Democratic ,

Minnesota Minnesota ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Upper Midwestern region of the United States. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario to the north and east and by the U.S. states of Wisconsin to the east, Iowa to the so ...

, Minnesota 21st in population (

2000 2000 was designated as the International Year for the Culture of Peace and the World Mathematics, Mathematical Year. Popular culture holds the year 2000 as the first year of the 21st century and the 3rd millennium, because of a tende ...

) , Chair: Democratic

Steering Steering is the control of the direction of motion or the components that enable its control. Steering is achieved through various arrangements, among them ailerons for airplanes, rudders for boats, cylic tilting of rotors for helicopters, ...

and

Policy Policy is a deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. A policy is a statement of intent and is implemented as a procedure or protocol. Policies are generally adopted by a governance body within an or ...

Committee
Ranking Member:

Agriculture Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was a key factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created ...

, - !_row_count !1894 , {{sortname, Sheldon, Whitehouse ,

, Rhode Island 43rd in population (2000) , Ranking Member: Environment
Ranking Member: Narcotics Caucus , - !_row_count !1896 , {{sortname, John, Barrasso , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Republican ,

Wyoming Wyoming ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States, Western United States. It borders Montana to the north and northwest, South Dakota and Nebraska to the east, Idaho t ...

, June 22, 2007{{efn , name=Appointment , rowspan{{=2 , , Senate Majority Whip , - !_row_count !1897 , {{sortname, Roger, Wicker ,

Mississippi Mississippi ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Alabama to the east, the Gulf of Mexico to the south, Louisiana to the s ...

, December 31, 2007{{efn , name=Appointment , Chair:

, - !_row_count !1901 , {{sortname, Jeanne, Shaheen , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Democratic ,

New Hampshire New Hampshire ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Gulf of Maine to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec t ...

, rowspan{{=4 , January 3, 2009 , Former governor (6 years) , Ranking Member:

Foreign Relations Foreign policy, also known as external policy, is the set of strategies and actions a State (polity), state employs in its interactions with other states, unions, and international entities. It encompasses a wide range of objectives, includ ...

, - !_row_count !1902 , {{sortname, Mark, Warner ,

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

, Former governor (4 years) , Vice Chair: Democratic Caucus
Vice Chair:

Intelligence Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving. It can be described as t ...

, - !_row_count !1903 , {{sortname, Jim, Risch , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , Republican ,

, Former governor (7 months) , Chair:

, - !_row_count !1905 , {{sortname, Jeff, Merkley , rowspan{{=4 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=4 , Democratic ,

, rowspan{{=4 , , Ranking Member:

, - !_row_count !1909 , {{sortname, Michael, Bennet ,

Colorado Colorado is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States. It is one of the Mountain states, sharing the Four Corners region with Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah. It is also bordered by Wyoming to the north, Nebraska to the northeast, Kansas ...

, January 21, 2009{{efn , name=Appointment , , - !_row_count !1910 , {{sortname, Kirsten, Gillibrand ,

, January 26, 2009{{efn , name=Appointment , Chair: DSCC
Ranking Member:

Aging Ageing (or aging in American English) is the process of becoming Old age, older until death. The term refers mainly to humans, many other animals, and fungi; whereas for example, bacteria, perennial plants and some simple animals are potentiall ...

, - !_row_count !1917 , {{sortname, Chris, Coons ,

Delaware Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic states, South Atlantic regions of the United States. It borders Maryland to its south and west, Pennsylvania to its north, New Jersey ...

, November 15, 2010 , Vice Chair:

Ethics Ethics is the philosophy, philosophical study of Morality, moral phenomena. Also called moral philosophy, it investigates Normativity, normative questions about what people ought to do or which behavior is morally right. Its main branches inclu ...

, - !_row_count !1920 , {{sortname, Jerry, Moran , rowspan{{=5 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=5 , Republican ,

Kansas Kansas ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Nebraska to the north; Missouri to the east; Oklahoma to the south; and Colorado to the west. Kansas is named a ...

, rowspan{{=7 , January 3, 2011 , Former House member (14 years) , Chair:

Veterans' Affairs Veterans' affairs is an area of public policy concerned with relations between a government and its communities of military veterans. Some jurisdictions have a designated government agency or department, a Department of Veterans' Affairs, Minist ...

, - !_row_count !1922 , {{sortname, John, Boozman ,

Arkansas Arkansas ( ) is a landlocked state in the West South Central region of the Southern United States. It borders Missouri to the north, Tennessee and Mississippi to the east, Louisiana to the south, Texas to the southwest, and Oklahoma ...

, Former House member (9 years) , Chair:

, - !_row_count !1924 , {{sortname, John, Hoeven ,

North Dakota North Dakota ( ) is a U.S. state in the Upper Midwest, named after the indigenous Dakota people, Dakota and Sioux peoples. It is bordered by the Canadian provinces of Saskatchewan and Manitoba to the north and by the U.S. states of Minneso ...

, Former governor , rowspan{{="2" , , - !_row_count !1926 , {{sortname, Ron, Johnson ,

Wisconsin Wisconsin ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest of the United States. It borders Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michig ...

, Wisconsin 20th in population (2000) , - !_row_count !1927 , {{sortname, Rand, Paul ,

, Kentucky 25th in population (2000) , Chair:

Homeland Security Homeland security is an American national security term for "the national effort to ensure a homeland that is safe, secure, and resilient against terrorism and other hazards where American interests, aspirations, and ways of life can thrive" to ...

, - !_row_count !1928 , {{sortname, Richard, Blumenthal , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...

, Connecticut 29th in population (2000) , Ranking Member:

, - !_row_count !1929 , {{sortname, Mike, Lee , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , Republican ,

Utah Utah is a landlocked state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is one of the Four Corners states, sharing a border with Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. It also borders Wyoming to the northea ...

, Utah 34th in population (2000) , Chair:

Energy Energy () is the physical quantity, quantitative physical property, property that is transferred to a physical body, body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of Work (thermodynamics), work and in the form of heat and l ...

, - !_row_count !1932 , {{sortname, Brian, Schatz , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

Hawaii Hawaii ( ; ) is an island U.S. state, state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland. One of the two Non-contiguous United States, non-contiguous U.S. states (along with Alaska), it is the only sta ...

, December 26, 2012{{efn , name=Appointment , rowspan{{=2 , , Democratic Chief Deputy Whip
Deputy Secretary: Democratic Caucus
Vice Chair: Indian Affairs , - !_row_count !1933 , {{sortname, Tim, Scott , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , Republican ,

, January 2, 2013{{efn , name=Appointment , Chair: NRSC
Chair:

Banking A bank is a financial institution that accepts Deposit account, deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital m ...

, - !_row_count !1934 , {{sortname, Tammy, Baldwin , rowspan{{=4 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=4 , Democratic ,

, rowspan{{=9, January 3, 2013 , Former House member (14 years) , Secretary: Democratic Caucus , - !_row_count !1937 , {{sortname, Chris, Murphy ,

, Former House member (6 years);
Connecticut 29th in population (

2010 The year saw a multitude of natural and environmental disasters such as the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and the 2010 Chile earthquake. The 2009 swine flu pandemic, swine flu pandemic which began the previous year ...

) , Deputy Secretary: Democratic Caucus , - !_row_count !1938 , {{sortname, Mazie, Hirono ,

, Former House member (6 years);
Hawaii 40th in population (2010) , , - !_row_count !1939 , {{sortname, Martin, Heinrich ,

New Mexico New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States. It is one of the Mountain States of the southern Rocky Mountains, sharing the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. It also ...

, Former House member (4 years) , Ranking Member:

, - !_row_count !1940 , {{sortname, Angus, King , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Independent" , , Independent ,

, Former governor (8 years) , rowspan{{="2" , , - !_row_count !1941 , {{sortname, Tim, Kaine , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

, Former governor (4 years) , - !_row_count !1942 , {{sortname, Ted, Cruz , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , Republican ,

, Texas 2nd in population (2010) , Chair:

, - !_row_count !1943 , {{sortname, Elizabeth, Warren , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

Massachusetts Massachusetts ( ; ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Maine to its east, Connecticut and Rhode ...

, Massachusetts 14th in population (2010) , Vice Chair: Democratic Caucus
Ranking Member:

, - !_row_count !1944 , {{sortname, Deb, Fischer , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , Republican ,

Nebraska Nebraska ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders South Dakota to the north; Iowa to the east and Missouri to the southeast, both across the Missouri River; Ka ...

, Nebraska 38th in population (2010) , , - !_row_count !1948 , {{sortname, Ed, Markey , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Democratic ,

, July 16, 2013 , rowspan{{=2 , , Ranking Member:

Small Business Small businesses are types of corporations, partnerships, or sole proprietorships which have a small number of employees and/or less annual revenue than a regular-sized business or corporation. Businesses are defined as "small" in terms of being ...

, - !_row_count !1949 , {{sortname, Cory, Booker ,

New Jersey New Jersey is a U.S. state, state located in both the Mid-Atlantic States, Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. Located at the geographic hub of the urban area, heavily urbanized Northeas ...

, October 31, 2013 , Chair: Democratic Strategic Communications Committee , - !_row_count !1951 , {{sortname, Shelley Moore, Capito , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , Republican ,

West Virginia West Virginia is a mountainous U.S. state, state in the Southern United States, Southern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.The United States Census Bureau, Census Bureau and the Association of American ...

, rowspan{{=10 , January 3, 2015 , Former House member (14 years) , Chair: Republican Policy Committee
Chair: Environment , - !_row_count !1952 , {{sortname, Gary, Peters , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...

, Former House member (6 years);
Michigan 8th in population (2010) , Ranking Member:

, - !_row_count !1953 , {{sortname, Bill, Cassidy , rowspan{{=8 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=8 , Republican ,

Louisiana Louisiana ( ; ; ) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25 ...

, Former House member (6 years);
Louisiana 25th in population (2010) , Chair:

, - !_row_count !1955 , {{sortname, James, Lankford ,

Oklahoma Oklahoma ( ; Choctaw language, Choctaw: , ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Texas to the south and west, Kansas to the north, Missouri to the northea ...

, Former House member (4 years) , Vice Chair: Republican Conference
Chair:

, - !_row_count !1956 , {{sortname, Tom, Cotton ,

, Former House member (2 years);
Arkansas 32nd in population (2010) , Chair: Republican Conference
Chair:

, - !_row_count !1957 , {{sortname, Steve, Daines ,

Montana Montana ( ) is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Mountain states, Mountain West subregion of the Western United States. It is bordered by Idaho to the west, North Dakota to the east, South Dakota to the southeast, Wyoming to the south, an ...

, Former House member (2 years);
Montana 44th in population (2010) , rowspan{{=3 , , - !_row_count !1958 , {{sortname, Mike, Rounds ,

, Former governor , - !_row_count !1960 , {{sortname, Thom, Tillis ,

North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

, North Carolina 10th in population (2010) , - !_row_count !1961 , {{sortname, Joni, Ernst ,

, Iowa 30th in population (2010) , Chair:

, - !_row_count !1963 , {{sortname, Dan, Sullivan, dab=U.S. senator ,

, Alaska 47th in population (2010) , rowspan{{=6 , , - !_row_count !1964 , {{sortname, Chris, Van Hollen , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

Maryland Maryland ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. It borders the states of Virginia to its south, West Virginia to its west, Pennsylvania to its north, and Delaware to its east ...

, rowspan{{=6, January 3, 2017 , Former House member (14 years) , - !_row_count !1965 , {{sortname, Todd, Young , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , Republican ,

Indiana Indiana ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Michigan to the northwest, Michigan to the north and northeast, Ohio to the east, the Ohio River and Kentucky to the s ...

, Former House member (6 years) , - !_row_count !1966 , {{sortname, Tammy, Duckworth , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Democratic ,

, Former House member (4 years) , - !_row_count !1967 , {{sortname, Maggie, Hassan ,

, Former governor , - !_row_count !1969 , {{sortname, John, Kennedy, dab=Louisiana politician , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , Republican ,

, Louisiana 25th in population (2010) , - !_row_count !1970 , {{sortname, Catherine, Cortez Masto , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Democratic ,

Nevada Nevada ( ; ) is a landlocked state in the Western United States. It borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, and Utah to the east. Nevada is the seventh-most extensive, th ...

, Nevada 35th in population (2010) , Vice Chair: Democratic Outreach Committee , - !_row_count !1972 , {{sortname, Tina, Smith ,

, January 3, 2018{{efn , name=Appointment , rowspan{{=2, , rowspan{{=6 , , - !_row_count !1974 , {{sortname, Cindy, Hyde-Smith , rowspan{{=3 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=3 , Republican ,

, April 2, 2018{{efn , name=Appointment , - !_row_count !1975 , {{sortname, Marsha, Blackburn ,

Tennessee Tennessee (, ), officially the State of Tennessee, is a landlocked U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders Kentucky to the north, Virginia to the northeast, North Carolina t ...

, rowspan{{=4 , January 3, 2019 , Former House member (16 years) , - !_row_count !1977 , {{sortname, Kevin, Cramer ,

, Former House member (6 years) , - !_row_count !1979 , {{sortname, Jacky, Rosen , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

, Former House member (2 years) , - !_row_count !1982 , {{sortname, Josh, Hawley , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Republican ,

Missouri Missouri (''see #Etymology and pronunciation, pronunciation'') is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. Ranking List of U.S. states and territories by area, 21st in land area, it border ...

, rowspan{{=3, , - !_row_count !1983 , {{sortname, Rick, Scott ,

Florida Florida ( ; ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the north, the Atlantic ...

, January 8, 2019 , Chair: Republican Steering Committee
Chair:

, - !_row_count !1985 , {{sortname, Mark, Kelly , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Democratic ,

Arizona Arizona is a U.S. state, state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. It also borders Nevada to the nort ...

, December 2, 2020 , rowspan{{=7 , , - !_row_count !1986 , {{sortname, Ben Ray, Luján ,

, rowspan{{=6, January 3, 2021 , Former House member (12 years) , - !_row_count !1987 , {{sortname, Cynthia, Lummis , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Republican ,

, Former House member (8 years) , - !_row_count !1988 , {{sortname, Roger, Marshall ,

, Former House member (4 years) , - !_row_count !1989 , {{sortname, John, Hickenlooper , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

, Former governor , - !_row_count !1990 , {{sortname, Bill, Hagerty , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Republican ,

, Tennessee 17th in population (2010) , - !_row_count !1991 , {{sortname, Tommy, Tuberville ,

Alabama Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...

, Alabama 23rd in population (2010) , - !_row_count !1992 , {{sortname, Alex, Padilla , rowspan{{=4 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=4 , Democratic ,

California California () is a U.S. state, state in the Western United States that lies on the West Coast of the United States, Pacific Coast. It borders Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and shares Mexico–United States border, an ...

, January 18, 2021{{efn , name=Appointment , , Ranking Member:

, - !_row_count !1993 , {{sortname, Jon, Ossoff , rowspan{{=2 ,

Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the South Caucasus * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the southeastern United States Georgia may also refer to: People and fictional characters * Georgia (name), a list of pe ...

, rowspan{{="2" , January 20, 2021 , 'O' 15th letter of the alphabet{{cite news , last1=Wooten , first1=Nick , title=Will Ossoff or Warnock be Georgia's senior senator? The answer is a simple one , url=https://www.ledger-enquirer.com/news/state/georgia/article248630765.html , access-date=January 25, 2021 , work= Ledger-Enquirer , date=January 20, 2021 , archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123011227/https://www.ledger-enquirer.com/news/state/georgia/article248630765.html , archivedate=January 23, 2021 , url-status=live , url-access=subscription , rowspan{{=23 , , - !_row_count !1994 , {{sortname, Raphael, Warnock , 'W' 23rd letter of the alphabet , - !_row_count !1995 , {{sortname, Peter, Welch ,

, rowspan{{=6 , January 3, 2023 , Former House member (16 years) , - !_row_count !1996 , {{sortname, Markwayne, Mullin , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Republican ,

, Former House member (10 years) , - !_row_count !1997 , {{sortname, Ted, Budd ,

, Former House member (6 years) , - !_row_count !1998 , {{sortname, John, Fetterman , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a U.S. state, state spanning the Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern United States, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes region, Great Lakes regions o ...

, Pennsylvania 5th in population (

2020 The year 2020 was heavily defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to global Social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, social and Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, economic disruption, mass cancellations and postponements of even ...

) , - !_row_count !2000 , {{sortname, Eric, Schmitt , rowspan{{=3 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=3 , Republican ,

, Missouri 19th in population (2020) , - !_row_count !2001 , {{sortname, Katie, Britt ,

, Alabama 24th in population (2020) , - !_row_count !2002 , {{sortname, Pete, Ricketts ,

, January 12, 2023{{efn , name=Appointment , , - !_row_count !2005 , {{sortname, Adam, Schiff , rowspan{{=3 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=3 , Democratic ,

, rowspan{{=2 , December 8, 2024{{efn , name=Appointment , Former House member (24 years) , - !_row_count !2006 , {{sortname, Andy, Kim, dab=politician ,

, Former House member (6 years) , - !_row_count !2007 , {{sortname, Ruben, Gallego ,

, rowspan{{=9 , January 3, 2025 , Former House member (10 years) , - !_row_count !2008 , {{sortname, Jim, Banks , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , Republican ,

, Former House member (8 years);
Indiana 17th in population (2020) , - !_row_count !2009 , {{sortname, Lisa, Blunt Rochester , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

, Former House member (8 years);
Delaware 46th in population (2020) , - !_row_count !2010 , {{sortname, John, Curtis , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , Republican ,

, Former House member (7 years) , - !_row_count !2011 , {{sortname, Elissa, Slotkin , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

, Former House member (6 years) , - !_row_count !2012 , {{sortname, Dave, McCormick , rowspan{{=2 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=2 , Republican ,

, Pennsylvania 5th in population (2020) , - !_row_count !2013 , {{sortname, Bernie, Moreno{{efn , Bernie Moreno (#95) is the Senate's most junior senior senator. ,

Ohio Ohio ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Midwestern United States, Midwestern region of the United States. It borders Lake Erie to the north, Pennsylvania to the east, West Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Indiana to the ...

, Ohio 7th in population (2020) , - !_row_count !2014 , {{sortname, Angela, Alsobrooks , style{{="background-color:{{party color, Democratic Party (United States)" , , Democratic ,

, Maryland 18th in population (2020) , - !_row_count !2015 , {{sortname, Tim, Sheehy , rowspan{{=4 style{{="background-color:{{party color, Republican Party (United States)" , , rowspan{{=4 , Republican ,

, Montana 44th in population (2020) , - !_row_count !2016 , {{sortname, Jim, Justice ,

, January 14, 2025 , rowspan{{=3 , , - !_row_count !2017 , {{sortname, Jon, Husted ,

, January 18, 2025{{efn , name=Appointment , - !_row_count !2018 , {{sortname, Ashley, Moody ,

, January 21, 2025{{efn , name=Appointment , - valign{{=top !Rank !Historical
rank{{Efn, name=rank !Senator !colspan{{=2 , Party !State !Seniority date !Other factors !Committee and leadership positions

Notes

{{Notelist

References

{{reflist {{United States senators by seniority, state=expanded {{United States Congress