Jungfernheide () is an area of forest and

heath A heath () is a shrubland habitat found mainly on free-draining infertile, acidic soils and characterised by open, low-growing woody vegetation. Moorland is generally related to high-ground heaths with—especially in Great Britain—a cooler ...

land located in

Berlin Berlin is Capital of Germany, the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and List of cities in Germany by population, by population. Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants make it the European Union's List of cities in the European U ...

in the present-day district of

Charlottenburg-Nord Charlottenburg-Nord (, literally "Charlottenburg North") is a locality (''Ortsteil'') in the northern part of the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf borough of Berlin, Germany. It is chiefly composed of after-war housing estates, allotment gardens and comm ...

, a locality of the borough of

Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf () is the fourth borough of Berlin, formed in an administrative reform with effect from 1 January 2001, by merging the former boroughs of Charlottenburg and Wilmersdorf. Overview Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf covers the w ...

. Formerly a large forested area, it was progressively reduced in size through development and military use. The recently closed

Tegel Airport Berlin Tegel "Otto Lilienthal" Airport (german: link=no, Flughafen Berlin-Tegel „Otto Lilienthal“) was the primary international airport of Berlin, the federal capital of Germany. The airport was named after aviation pioneer Otto Lilientha ...

now divides the remainder, with Volkspark Jungfernheide (Jungfernheidepark) to the south, and a larger still-forested region between the airport and

Lake Tegel Lake Tegel (german: Tegeler See) () is the second largest lake in Berlin, Germany. It is situated in the northwest of the city in the Reinickendorf borough, in the ''Ortsteil'' of Tegel. Overview The historic name ''Tegel'' (first recorded in 1 ...

. With the creation of Greater Berlin in 1920, Charlottenburg was joined with the former districts of Heerstraße and Jungfernheide to become the seventh district of Berlin.

Name

The name of the area is a combination of the word ''Heide'', meaning

, and ''Jungfer'', meaning "Young noblewoman" or "damsel" (cf.

Junker Junker ( da, Junker, german: Junker, nl, Jonkheer, en, Yunker, no, Junker, sv, Junker ka, იუნკერი (Iunkeri)) is a noble honorific, derived from Middle High German ''Juncherre'', meaning "young nobleman"Duden; Meaning of Junke ...

), from the

Benedictine , image = Medalla San Benito.PNG , caption = Design on the obverse side of the Saint Benedict Medal , abbreviation = OSB , formation = , motto = (English: 'Pray and Work') , found ...

convent A convent is a community of monks, nuns, religious brothers or, sisters or priests. Alternatively, ''convent'' means the building used by the community. The word is particularly used in the Catholic Church, Lutheran churches, and the Anglic ...

that existed in Spandau from 1269 until the 16th century and owned the area. The street ''Nonnendamm'' also relates to the nuns of Spandau.

History

Forest and hunting grounds

The forest and heathland located east of Spandau were used as a royal

hunting Hunting is the human practice of seeking, pursuing, capturing, or killing wildlife or feral animals. The most common reasons for humans to hunt are to harvest food (i.e. meat) and useful animal products ( fur/ hide, bone/ tusks, horn/ a ...

ground until 1800. In 1823, the forest areas of

Charlottenburg Charlottenburg () is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf. Established as a town in 1705 and named after Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen consort of Prussia, it is best known for Charlottenburg Palace, the la ...

and

Tegel Tegel () is a locality (''Ortsteil'') in the Berlin borough of Reinickendorf on the shore of Lake Tegel. The Tegel locality, the second largest in area (after Köpenick) of the 96 Berlin districts, also includes the neighbourhood of ''Saatwinke ...

were designated as an estate (''Gutsbezirk'').

Military use

Beginning in 1824, the Jungfernheide was used for military drills and shooting grounds. In 1828, the

Reinickendorf Reinickendorf () is the twelfth borough of Berlin. It encompasses the northwest of the city area, including the Berlin Tegel Airport, Lake Tegel, spacious settlements of detached houses as well as housing estates like Märkisches Viertel. Subdiv ...

artillery grounds were relocated here by

Frederick William III of Prussia Frederick William III (german: Friedrich Wilhelm III.; 3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840) was King of Prussia from 16 November 1797 until his death in 1840. He was concurrently Elector of Brandenburg in the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806, wh ...

. Barracks were constructed between 1896 and 1901 for the airshipmen battalion ''Luftschiffer-Batallion Berlin-Jungfernheide''.Detailed plans for the airship battalion
in the archives of the Architecture Museum of the Technical University of Berlin

Transit connections

The railway station

Berlin Jungfernheide station Berlin Jungfernheide is a railway station located at Charlottenburg-Nord, in the Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf district of Berlin, served by the S-Bahn lines and , the U-Bahn line and Regional-Express trains of the Deutsche Bahn. Its name literall ...

was opened in 1877. In this year, the western section of the

Berlin Ringbahn The Ringbahn ( German for circle railway) is a long circle route around Berlin's inner city area, on the Berlin S-Bahn network. Its course is made up of a double-tracked S-Bahn ring and a parallel freight ring. The S-Bahn lines S41 and S42 p ...

was also completed, which was primarily built for military purposes.

S-train The S-Bahn is the name of hybrid urban-suburban rail systems serving a metropolitan region in German-speaking countries. Some of the larger S-Bahn systems provide service similar to rapid transit systems, while smaller ones often resemble c ...

service between Jungfernheide and the Berlin Sonnenallee station stopped from 1980 until 1997 due in part to the Berlin Wall. Since reopening, Jungfernheide has served as an important junction in the northwest of Berlin, offering transfers between the Ringbahn, the

U7 (Berlin U-Bahn) The U7 is a rail line on the Berlin U-Bahn. It runs completely underground for a length of through 40 stations and connects Spandau, via Neukölln, to Gropiusstadt and Rudow. The line was originally the south-eastern branch of the Nord-Süd ...

, regional trains, local and express buses to the nearby

. Tegel Airport was built after World War II in the heathland of the Jungfernheide.

Water supply

In 1896, the Jungfernheide waterworks were opened, providing drinking water from

. The plant has been mothballed since 2001.

Jungfernheidepark

The Volkspark Jungfernheide is located on of land between the

Berlin-Spandau Ship Canal The Berlin-Spandau Ship Canal, or Berlin-Spandauer Schifffahrtskanal in German, is a canal in Berlin, Germany. It was built between 1848 and 1859 to a plan created by Peter Joseph Lenné, and was formerly known as the Hohenzollern Canal or Hohenz ...

and the Heckerdamm, and is bounded to the West by the Jungfernheideweg and to the East by Bundesautobahn 111.

References

{{Parks in Berlin , state=autocollapse Pages translated from German Wikipedia Parks in Berlin