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Pre-1600

* 4
Augustus Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus (born Gaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14), also known as Octavian (), was the founder of the Roman Empire, who reigned as the first Roman emperor from 27 BC until his death in A ...
adopts
Tiberius Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus ( ; 16 November 42 BC – 16 March AD 37) was Roman emperor from AD 14 until 37. He succeeded his stepfather Augustus, the first Roman emperor. Tiberius was born in Rome in 42 BC to Roman politician Tiberius Cl ...
. *
221 __NOTOC__ Year 221 ( CCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Gratus and Vitellius (or, less frequently, year 974 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 221 ...
Roman emperor
Elagabalus Marcus Aurelius Antoninus (born Sextus Varius Avitus Bassianus, 204 – 13 March 222), better known by his posthumous nicknames Elagabalus ( ) and Heliogabalus ( ), was Roman emperor from 218 to 222, while he was still a teenager. His short r ...
adopts his cousin
Alexander Severus Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander (1 October 208 – March 235), also known as Alexander Severus, was Roman emperor from 222 until 235. He was the last emperor from the Severan dynasty. Alexander took power in 222, when he succeeded his slain co ...
as his heir and receives the title of
Caesar Gaius Julius Caesar (12 or 13 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war. He ...
. * 363 – Roman emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the
Sasanian Empire The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranian peoples, Iranians"), was an List of monarchs of Iran, Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, th ...
. * 684
Pope Benedict II Pope Benedict II () was the bishop of Rome from 26 June 684 to his death on 8 May 685. Pope Benedict II's feast day is 7 May. Early life Benedict was born in Rome. It is possible that he was a member of the Savelli family, though this is not c ...
is the last pope to require confirmation by the Byzantine emperor before taking office. * 699En no Ozuno, a Japanese mystic and apothecary who will later be regarded as the founder of a folk religion Shugendō, is banished to Izu Ōshima. * 1243 – Mongols defeat the
Seljuk Turks The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; , ''Saljuqian'',) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turks, Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate society, Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persi ...
at the
Battle of Köse Dağ The Battle of Köse Dağ took place in eastern Anatolia on 26 June 1243 when an army of the Sultanate of Rum, led by Sultan Kaykhusraw II, confronted an invading Mongol Empire, Mongol army under the general Baiju Noyan, Baiju and was decisively ...
. * 1295
Przemysł II Przemysł II ( also given in English and Latin language, Latin as ''Premyslas'' or ''Premislaus'' or in Polish as '; 14 October 1257 – 8 February 1296) was the Duke of Poznań from 1257–1279, of Greater Poland from 1279 to 1296, of Kraków fr ...
crowned
king of Poland Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of Royal elections in Poland, free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electab ...
, following Ducal period. The white eagle is added to the Polish coat of arms. *
1407 Year 1407 ( MCDVII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 20 – Ming–Việt War: China conquers Dong Do, the eastern capital of Dai Ngu (now Hanoi, capital of Vietna ...
Ulrich von Jungingen becomes
Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights The grand master of the Teutonic Order (; ) is the supreme head of the Teutonic Order. It is equivalent to the Grand master (order), grand master of other Military order (religious society), military orders and the superior general in non-milit ...
. *
1409 Year 1409 ( MCDIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 1 – The Welsh surrender Harlech Castle to the English. * January 18 – The Decree of Kutná Hora strengthe ...
Western Schism The Western Schism, also known as the Papal Schism, the Great Occidental Schism, the Schism of 1378, or the Great Schism (), was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 20 September 1378 to 11 November 1417, in which bishops residing ...
: The
Roman Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
is led into a double
schism A schism ( , , or, less commonly, ) is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization, movement, or religious denomination. The word is most frequently applied to a split in what had previously been a single religious body, suc ...
as Petros Philargos is crowned
Pope Alexander V Peter of Candia, also known as Peter Phillarges () ( 1339 – 3 May 1410), named as Alexander V (; ), was an antipope elected by the Council of Pisa during the Western Schism (1378–1417). He reigned briefly from 26 June 1409 to his death i ...
after the
Council of Pisa The Council of Pisa (; , also nicknamed the , "secret meeting", by those who considered it illegitimate) was a controversial council held in 1409. It attempted to end the Western Schism by deposing both Benedict XIII (Avignon) and Gregory XII ...
, joining
Pope Gregory XII Pope Gregory XII (; ;  – 18 October 1417), born Angelo Corraro, Corario," or Correr, was head of the Catholic Church from 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415. Reigning during the Western Schism, he was opposed by the Avignon claimant Benedi ...
in Rome and
Pope Benedict XIII Pope Benedict XIII (; ; 2 February 1649 – 21 February 1730), born Pietro Francesco (or Pierfrancesco) Orsini and later called Vincenzo Maria Orsini, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 May 1724 to his death in ...
in
Avignon Avignon (, , ; or , ; ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture of the Vaucluse department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France. Located on the left bank of the river Rhône, the Communes of France, commune had a ...
. * 1460
War of the Roses The Wars of the Roses, known at the time and in following centuries as the Civil Wars, were a series of armed confrontations, machinations, battles and campaigns fought over control of the English throne from 1455 to 1487. The conflict was fo ...
:
Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, 6th Earl of Salisbury (22 November 1428 – 14 April 1471), known as Warwick the Kingmaker, was an English nobleman, administrator, landowner of the House of Neville fortune and military c ...
, and Edward, Earl of March, land in England with a rebel army and march on London. *
1483 Year 1483 ( MCDLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * January 1 – The Jews are expelled from Andalusia. * February 11 – The ''General Council of the Inquisiti ...
Richard III Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485. He was the last king of the Plantagenet dynasty and its cadet branch the House of York. His defeat and death at the Battle of Boswor ...
becomes King of England. * 1522 – Ottomans begin the second Siege of Rhodes. *
1541 __NOTOC__ Year 1541 ( MDXLI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 4 – Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta is elected to a two-year term as the new Doge of the Republic o ...
Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro, Marquess of the Atabillos (; ; – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish ''conquistador'', best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. Born in Trujillo, Cáceres, Trujillo, Spain, to a poor fam ...
is assassinated in
Lima Lima ( ; ), founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (, Spanish for "City of Biblical Magi, Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón River, Chillón, Rímac River, Rímac and Lurín Rive ...
by the son of his former companion and later antagonist, Diego de Almagro the younger. Almagro is later caught and executed. * 1579Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory begins.


1601–1900

* 1718
Alexei Petrovich, Tsarevich of Russia Grand Duke Alexei Petrovich of Russia (28 February 1690 – 26 June 1718) was a Russian Tsarevich. He was born in Moscow, the son of Tsar Peter the Great, Peter I and his first wife, Eudoxia Lopukhina. Alexei did not get along with his father ...
,
Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...
's son, mysteriously dies after being sentenced to death by his father for plotting against him. *
1723 Events January–March * January 25 – English-born pirate Edward Low intercepts the Portuguese ship ''Nostra Signiora de Victoria''. After the Portuguese captain throws his treasure of 11,000 gold coins into the sea rather th ...
– After a siege and bombardment by cannon, Baku surrenders to the Russians. * 1740 – A combined force of Spanish, free blacks and allied Indians defeat a British garrison at the Siege of Fort Mose near St. Augustine during the
War of Jenkins' Ear The War of Jenkins' Ear was fought by Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain and History of Spain (1700–1808), Spain between 1739 and 1748. The majority of the fighting took place in Viceroyalty of New Granada, New Granada and the Caribbean ...
. *
1794 Events January–March * January 1 – The Stibo Group is founded by Niels Lund as a printing company in Aarhus (Denmark). * January 13 – The U.S. Congress enacts a law providing for, effective May 1, 1795, a United St ...
French Revolutionary Wars The French Revolutionary Wars () were a series of sweeping military conflicts resulting from the French Revolution that lasted from 1792 until 1802. They pitted French First Republic, France against Kingdom of Great Britain, Great Britain, Habsb ...
: Battle of Fleurus marks the first successful military use of aircraft and turns the tide of the
War of the First Coalition The War of the First Coalition () was a set of wars that several European powers fought between 1792 and 1797, initially against the Constitutional Cabinet of Louis XVI, constitutional Kingdom of France and then the French First Republic, Frenc ...
. *
1830 It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy. Events January–March * January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) ...
William IV William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded hi ...
becomes king of Britain and Hanover. *
1843 Events January–March * January 3 – The '' Illustrated Treatise on the Maritime Kingdoms'' (海國圖志, ''Hǎiguó Túzhì'') compiled by Wei Yuan and others, the first significant Chinese work on the West, is published in China. * J ...
Treaty of Nanking The Treaty of Nanking was the peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–1842) between United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Great Britain and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842. It was the first of what the Chinese ...
comes into effect,
Hong Kong Island Hong Kong Island () is an island in the southern part of Hong Kong. The island, known originally and on road signs simply as "Hong Kong", had a population of 1,289,500 and a population density of , . It is the second largest island in Hong Kon ...
is ceded to the British "in perpetuity". *
1848 1848 is historically famous for the wave of revolutions, a series of widespread struggles for more liberal governments, which broke out from Brazil to Hungary; although most failed in their immediate aims, they significantly altered the polit ...
– End of the
June Days Uprising The June Days uprising () was an uprising staged by French workers from 22 to 26 June 1848. It was in response to plans to close the National Workshops, created by the Second Republic in order to provide work and a minimal source of income f ...
in Paris. *
1857 Events January–March * January 1 – The biggest Estonian newspaper, '' Postimees'', is established by Johann Voldemar Jannsen. * January 7 – The partly French-owned London General Omnibus Company begins operating. * Ja ...
– The first investiture of the
Victoria Cross The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest and most prestigious decoration of the Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom, British decorations system. It is awarded for valour "in the presence of the enemy" to members of the British ...
in Hyde Park, London. *
1886 Events January * January 1 – Upper Burma is formally annexed to British rule in Burma, British Burma, following its conquest in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of November 1885. * January 5–January 9, 9 – Robert Louis Stevenson ...
Henri Moissan Ferdinand Frédéric Henri Moissan (; 28 September 1852 – 20 February 1907) was a French chemist and pharmacist who won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating fluorine from its compounds. Among his other contributions, Mo ...
isolated elemental
Fluorine Fluorine is a chemical element; it has Chemical symbol, symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the lightest halogen and exists at Standard temperature and pressure, standard conditions as pale yellow Diatomic molecule, diatomic gas. Fluorine is extre ...
for the first time. *
1889 Events January * January 1 ** The total solar eclipse of January 1, 1889 is seen over parts of California and Nevada. ** Paiute spiritual leader Wovoka experiences a vision, leading to the start of the Ghost Dance movement in the Dakotas ...
Bangui Bangui (; or Bangî in Sango language, Sango, formerly written Bangi in English) is the Capital (political), capital and List of cities in the Central African Republic, largest city of the Central African Republic. It was established as a Fren ...
is founded by Albert Dolisie and Alfred Uzac in what was then the upper reaches of the
French Congo The French Congo (), also known as Middle Congo (), was a French colony which at one time comprised the present-day area of the Republic of the Congo and parts of Gabon, and the Central African Republic. In 1910, it was made part of the larger ...
.


1901–present

*
1906 Events January–February * January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, ...
– The first Grand Prix motor race is held at
Le Mans Le Mans (; ) is a Communes of France, city in Northwestern France on the Sarthe (river), Sarthe River where it meets the Huisne. Traditionally the capital of the Provinces of France, province of Maine (province), Maine, it is now the capital of ...
. * 1909 – The
Science Museum A science museum is a museum devoted primarily to science. Older science museums tended to concentrate on static displays of objects related to natural history, paleontology, geology, Industry (manufacturing), industry and Outline of industrial ...
in London comes into existence as an independent entity. *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
: The
American Expeditionary Forces The American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) was a formation of the United States Armed Forces on the Western Front (World War I), Western Front during World War I, composed mostly of units from the United States Army, U.S. Army. The AEF was establis ...
begin to arrive in France. They will first enter combat in the Battle of Hamel on July 4. *
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
– World War I: Allied forces under John J. Pershing and James Harbord defeat Imperial German forces under
Wilhelm, German Crown Prince Wilhelm, German Crown Prince, Crown Prince of Prussia (Friedrich Wilhelm Victor August Ernst; 6 May 1882 – 20 July 1951) was the eldest child of the last German emperor, Wilhelm II, and his consort Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, an ...
in the
Battle of Belleau Wood The Battle of Belleau Wood (1–26 June 1918) was a major battle that occurred during the German spring offensive in World War I, near the Marne (river), Marne River in France. The battle was fought by the U.S. 2nd Infantry Division (United State ...
. *
1924 Events January * January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after. * January 20–January 30, 30 – Kuomintang in Ch ...
– The American occupation of the Dominican Republic ends after eight years. *
1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the BBC, British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, John Reith becomes the first ...
The Cyclone roller coaster opens on
Coney Island Coney Island is a neighborhood and entertainment area in the southwestern section of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. The neighborhood is bounded by Brighton Beach to its east, Lower New York Bay to the south and west, and Gravesend to ...
. *
1934 Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, Nepal–Bihar earthquake strik ...
– United States President
Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), also known as FDR, was the 32nd president of the United States, serving from 1933 until his death in 1945. He is the longest-serving U.S. president, and the only one to have served ...
signs the
Federal Credit Union Act The Federal Credit Union Act is an Act of Congress enacted in 1934. The purpose of the law was to make credit available and promote thrift through a national system of nonprofit, cooperative credit unions. This Act established the federal Credit ...
, which establishes credit unions. *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House. * January 28 – Death and state funer ...
– Initial flight of the
Focke-Wulf Fw 61 The Focke-Wulf Fw 61 was the first successful, practical, and fully controllable helicopter, first flown in 1936. It was also known as the Fa 61, as Focke began a new company— Focke-Achgelis—in 1937. Design and development Professor Henri ...
, the first practical helicopter. *
1940 A calendar from 1940 according to the Gregorian calendar, factoring in the dates of Easter and related holidays, cannot be used again until the year 5280. Events Below, events related to World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January *Janu ...
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
: Under the
Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and also known as the Hitler–Stalin Pact and the Nazi–Soviet Pact, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Ge ...
, the
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
presents an
ultimatum An ; ; : ultimata or ultimatums) is a demand whose fulfillment is requested in a specified period of time and which is backed up by a coercion, threat to be followed through in case of noncompliance (open loop). An ultimatum is generally the ...
to
Romania Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to ...
requiring it to cede
Bessarabia Bessarabia () is a historical region in Eastern Europe, bounded by the Dniester river on the east and the Prut river on the west. About two thirds of Bessarabia lies within modern-day Moldova, with the Budjak region covering the southern coa ...
and the northern part of
Bukovina Bukovina or ; ; ; ; , ; see also other languages. is a historical region at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe. It is located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains, today divided betwe ...
. *
1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...
– World War II: Soviet planes bomb Kassa, Hungary (now
Košice Košice is the largest city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary. With a population of approximately 230,000, Košice is the second-largest cit ...
, Slovakia), giving Hungary the impetus to declare war the next day. *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– The first flight of the
Grumman F6F Hellcat The Grumman F6F Hellcat is an American Carrier-based aircraft, carrier-based fighter aircraft of World War II. Designed to replace the earlier Grumman F4F Wildcat, F4F Wildcat and to counter the Japanese Mitsubishi A6M Zero, it was the United St ...
. *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
– World War II:
San Marino San Marino, officially the Republic of San Marino, is a landlocked country in Southern Europe, completely surrounded by Italy. Located on the northeastern slopes of the Apennine Mountains, it is the larger of two European microstates, microsta ...
, a neutral state, is mistakenly bombed by the RAF based on faulty information, leading to 35 civilian deaths. * 1944 – World War II: The Battle of Osuchy in Osuchy, Poland, one of the largest battles between Nazi Germany and Polish resistance forces, ends with the defeat of the latter. *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II, the fall of Nazi Germany, and the Empire of Japan. It is also the year concentration camps were liberated and the only year in which atomic weapons have been used in combat. Events World War II will be ...
– The
United Nations Charter The Charter of the United Nations is the foundational treaty of the United Nations (UN). It establishes the purposes, governing structure, and overall framework of the United Nations System, UN system, including its United Nations System#Six ...
is signed by 50 Allied nations in
San Francisco, California San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is a commercial, Financial District, San Francisco, financial, and Culture of San Francisco, cultural center of Northern California. With a population of 827,526 residents as of ...
. *
1948 Events January * January 1 ** The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) is inaugurated. ** The current Constitutions of Constitution of Italy, Italy and of Constitution of New Jersey, New Jersey (both later subject to amendment) ...
Cold War The Cold War was a period of global Geopolitics, geopolitical rivalry between the United States (US) and the Soviet Union (USSR) and their respective allies, the capitalist Western Bloc and communist Eastern Bloc, which lasted from 1947 unt ...
: The first supply flights are made in response to the
Berlin Blockade The Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948 – 12 May 1949) was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post–World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, roa ...
. * 1948 –
William Shockley William Bradford Shockley ( ; February 13, 1910 – August 12, 1989) was an American solid-state physicist, electrical engineer, and inventor. He was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brat ...
files the original patent for the
grown-junction transistor The grown-junction transistor was the first type of bipolar ''junction'' transistor made. It was invented by William Shockley at Bell Labs on June 23, 1948 (patent filed June 26, 1948), six months after the first bipolar point-contact transist ...
, the first
bipolar junction transistor A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor that uses both electrons and electron holes as charge carriers. In contrast, a unipolar transistor, such as a field-effect transistor (FET), uses only one kind of charge carrier. A ...
. * 1948 – Shirley Jackson's short story '' The Lottery'' is published in ''
The New Yorker ''The New Yorker'' is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry. It was founded on February 21, 1925, by Harold Ross and his wife Jane Grant, a reporter for ''The New York T ...
'' magazine. *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, ...
– The Pan-Malayan Labour Party is founded in Malaya, as a union of statewide labour parties. *
1953 Events January * January 6 – The Asian Socialist Conference opens in Rangoon, Burma. * January 12 – Estonian émigrés found a Estonian government-in-exile, government-in-exile in Oslo. * January 14 ** Marshal Josip Broz Tito ...
Lavrentiy Beria Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria ka, ლავრენტი პავლეს ძე ბერია} ''Lavrenti Pavles dze Beria'' ( – 23 December 1953) was a Soviet politician and one of the longest-serving and most influential of Joseph ...
, head of MVD, is arrested by
Nikita Khrushchev Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (– 11 September 1971) was the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 and the Premier of the Soviet Union, Chai ...
and other members of the
Politburo A politburo () or political bureau is the highest organ of the central committee in communist parties. The term is also sometimes used to refer to similar organs in socialist and Islamist parties, such as the UK Labour Party's NEC or the Poli ...
. * 1955 – The South African Congress Alliance adopts the
Freedom Charter The Freedom Charter was the statement of core principles of the South African Congress Alliance, which consisted of the African National Congress (ANC) and its allies: the South African Indian Congress, the South African Congress of Democrats ...
at the Congress of the People in
Kliptown Kliptown is a suburb of the formerly black township of Soweto in Gauteng, South Africa, located about 17 km south-west of Johannesburg. Kliptown is the oldest residential district of Soweto, and was first laid out in 1891 on land which form ...
. *
1959 Events January * January 1 – Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance. * January 2 – Soviet lunar probe Luna 1 is the first human-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reaches the ...
– Swedish boxer
Ingemar Johansson Jens Ingemar "Ingo" Johansson (; 22 September 1932 – 30 January 2009) was a Swedish professional boxer who competed from 1952 to 1963. He held the world heavyweight title from 1959 to 1960, and was the fifth heavyweight champion born outside ...
becomes world champion of heavy weight boxing, by defeating American
Floyd Patterson Floyd Patterson (January 4, 1935 – May 11, 2006) was an American professional boxer who competed from 1952 to 1972, and twice reigned as the world heavyweight champion between 1956 and 1962. At the age of 21, he became the youngest boxer in his ...
on technical knockout after two minutes and three seconds in the third round at
Yankee Stadium Yankee Stadium is a baseball stadium located in the Bronx in New York City. It is the home field of Major League Baseball’s New York Yankees and New York City FC of Major League Soccer. The stadium opened in April 2009, replacing the Yankee S ...
. *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Janu ...
– The former British Protectorate of
British Somaliland British Somaliland, officially the Somaliland Protectorate (), was a protectorate of the United Kingdom in modern Somaliland. It was bordered by Italian Somalia, French Somali Coast and Ethiopian Empire, Abyssinia (Italian Ethiopia from 1936 ...
gains its independence as
Somaliland Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is an List of states with limited recognition, unrecognised country in the Horn of Africa. It is located in the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, E ...
. * 1960 –
Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...
gains its independence from France. *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
– Cold War: U.S. President
John F. Kennedy John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), also known as JFK, was the 35th president of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. He was the first Roman Catholic and youngest person elected p ...
gave his "
Ich bin ein Berliner "" (; "I am a Berliner") is a speech by United States President John F. Kennedy given on June 26, 1963, in West Berlin. It is one of the best-known speeches of the Cold War and among the most famous anti-communist speeches. Twenty-two months ...
" speech, underlining the support of the United States for democratic
West Germany West Germany was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. It is sometimes known as the Bonn Republi ...
shortly after
Soviet The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
-supported
East Germany East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from Foundation of East Germany, its formation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on ...
erected the
Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall (, ) was a guarded concrete Separation barrier, barrier that encircled West Berlin from 1961 to 1989, separating it from East Berlin and the East Germany, German Democratic Republic (GDR; East Germany). Construction of the B ...
. *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...
Karol Wojtyła (later John Paul II) made a cardinal by
Pope Paul VI Pope Paul VI (born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini; 26 September 18976 August 1978) was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 21 June 1963 until his death on 6 August 1978. Succeeding John XXII ...
. *
1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; ...
– The
Universal Product Code The Universal Product Code (UPC or UPC code) is a barcode#Symbologies, barcode symbology that is used worldwide for tracking trade items in stores. The chosen symbology has bars (or spaces) of exactly 1, 2, 3, or 4 units wide each; each decimal ...
is scanned for the first time to sell a package of Wrigley's
chewing gum Chewing gum is a soft, cohesive substance designed to be chewed without being swallowed. Modern chewing gum is composed of gum base, sweeteners, softeners/plasticizers, flavors, colors, and, typically, a hard or powdered polyol coating. Its tex ...
at the Marsh Supermarket in
Troy, Ohio Troy is a city in and the county seat of Miami County, Ohio, United States. The population was 26,305 at the 2020 census, making it Miami County's largest city and Ohio's 55th-largest. Troy lies along the Great Miami River about north of Da ...
. *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 – Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
– Two
FBI The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is the domestic Intelligence agency, intelligence and Security agency, security service of the United States and Federal law enforcement in the United States, its principal federal law enforcement ag ...
agents and a member of the
American Indian Movement The American Indian Movement (AIM) is an Native Americans in the United States, American Indian grassroots movement which was founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in July 1968, initially centered in urban areas in order to address systemic issues ...
are killed in a shootout on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in
South Dakota South Dakota (; Sioux language, Sioux: , ) is a U.S. state, state in the West North Central states, North Central region of the United States. It is also part of the Great Plains. South Dakota is named after the Dakota people, Dakota Sioux ...
; Leonard Peltier is later convicted of the murders in a controversial trial. *
1977 Events January * January 8 – 1977 Moscow bombings, Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (no ...
Elvis Presley Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer and actor. Referred to as the "King of Rock and Roll", he is regarded as Cultural impact of Elvis Presley, one of the most significant cultural figures of the ...
held his final concert in Indianapolis, Indiana at Market Square Arena. *
1978 Events January * January 1 – Air India Flight 855, a Boeing 747 passenger jet, crashes off the coast of Bombay, killing 213. * January 5 – Bülent Ecevit, of Republican People's Party, CHP, forms the new government of Turkey (42nd ...
Air Canada Flight 189, flying to Toronto, overruns the runway and crashes into the Etobicoke Creek
ravine A ravine is a landform that is narrower than a canyon and is often the product of streambank erosion. Ravines are typically classified as larger in scale than gullies, although smaller than valleys. Ravines may also be called a cleuch, dell, ...
. Two of the 107 passengers on board perish. *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 6 – A funeral service is held in West Germany for Nazi Grand Admiral ...
Dan-Air Flight 240, flying to East Midlands Airport, crashes in Nailstone,
Leicestershire Leicestershire ( ) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the East Midlands of England. It is bordered by Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire to the north, Rutland to the east, Northamptonshire to the south-east, Warw ...
. All three crew members perish. * 1988 – The first crash of an
Airbus A320 The Airbus A320 family is a series of narrow-body airliners developed and produced by Airbus. The A320 was launched in March 1984, Maiden flight, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was introduced in April 1988 by Air France. The first membe ...
occurs when Air France Flight 296Q crashes at Mulhouse–Habsheim Airfield in Habsheim, France, during an air show, killing three of the 136 people on board. *1991 – Yugoslav Wars: The Yugoslav People's Army begins the Ten-Day War in Slovenia. *1995 – Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani deposes his father Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, the Emir of Qatar, in a bloodless 1995 Qatari coup d'état, coup d'état. *1997 – The Supreme Court of the United States, U.S. Supreme Court rules that the Communications Decency Act violates the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. * 1997 – J. K. Rowling publishes the first of her ''Harry Potter'' novel series, ''Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone'' in United Kingdom. *2000 – The Human Genome Project announces the completion of a "rough draft" sequence. *2003 – The Supreme Court of the United States, U.S. Supreme Court rules in ''Lawrence v. Texas'' that sex-based sodomy laws are unconstitutional. *2006 – Mari Alkatiri, the first Prime Minister of East Timor, resigns after weeks of political unrest. *2007 – Pope Benedict XVI reinstates the traditional laws of papal election in which a successful candidate must receive two-thirds of the votes. *2008 – A suicide bomber dressed as an Iraqi policeman detonates an explosive vest, 2008 Karmah bombing, killing 25 people. *2012 – The Waldo Canyon Fire, Waldo Canyon fire descends into the Mountain Shadows neighborhood in Colorado Springs, Colorado, Colorado Springs burning 347 homes in a matter of hours and killing two people. *2013 – June 2013 Shanshan riots, Riots in China's Xinjiang region kill at least 36 people and injure 21 others. * 2013 – The Supreme Court of the United States, U.S. Supreme Court United States v. Windsor, ruled, 5–4, that Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act is unconstitutional and in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. *2015 – Five different terrorist attacks in France, Tunisia, Somalia, Kuwait, and Syria occurred on what was dubbed 26 June 2015 Islamist attacks, Bloody Friday by international media. Upwards of 750 people were either killed or injured in these uncoordinated attacks. * 2015 – The Supreme Court of the United States, U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges, ruled, 5–4, that Same-sex relationship, same-sex couples have a constitutional right to marriage under the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution. * 2024 – Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks, returns to Australia after Plea bargain, pleading guilty to one charge of Espionage Act of 1917, espionage in a District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands, Saipan court and subsequently being released by the United States Department of Justice.


Births


Pre-1600

*12 BC – Agrippa Postumus, Roman son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Elder (died 14) *1399 – John, Count of Angoulême (died 1467) *1467 – Ferdinand II of Naples (died 1496) *1575 – Anne Catherine of Brandenburg (died 1612) *1581 – Peter Claver, San Pedro Claver, Spanish Jesuit saint (died 1654) *1600 – Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, Spanish-born bishop and viceroy of New Spain (died 1659)


1601–1900

*1681 – Hedvig Sophia of Sweden (died 1708) *1689 – Edward Holyoke, American pastor and academic (died 1769) *1694 – Georg Brandt, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (died 1768) *1699 – Marie Thérèse Rodet Geoffrin, French businesswoman (died 1777) *1702 – Philip Doddridge, English hymn-writer and educator (died 1751) *1703 – Thomas Clap, American minister and academic (died 1767) *1726 – Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia (died 1796) *1730 – Charles Messier, French astronomer and academic (died 1817) *1764 – Jan Paweł Łuszczewski, Polish politician (died 1812) *1786 – Sunthorn Phu, Thai poet (died 1855) *1796 – Jan Paweł Lelewel, Polish painter and engineer (died 1847) *1798 – Wolfgang Menzel, German poet and critic (died 1873) *1817 – Branwell Brontë, English painter and poet (died 1848) *1819 – Abner Doubleday, American general (died 1893) *1821 – Bartolomé Mitre, Argentinian soldier, journalist, and politician, 6th President of Argentina (died 1906) *1824 – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, Irish-Scottish physicist and engineer (died 1907) *1835 – Thomas W. Knox, American journalist and author (died 1896) *1839 – Sam Watkins, American soldier and author (died 1901) *1852 – Daoud Corm, Lebanese painter (died 1930) *1854 – Robert Laird Borden, Canadian lawyer and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Canada (died 1937) *1865 – Bernard Berenson, Lithuanian-American historian and author (died 1959) *1866 – George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English archaeologist and banker (died 1923) *1869 – Martin Andersen Nexø, Danish journalist and author (died 1954) *1878 – Leopold Löwenheim, German mathematician and logician (died 1957) *1880 – Mitchell Lewis (actor), Mitchell Lewis, American actor (died 1956) *1881 – Ya'akov Cohen (writer), Ya'akov Cohen, Israeli linguist, poet, and playwright (died 1960) *1892 – Pearl S. Buck, American novelist, essayist, short story writer Nobel Prize in Literature, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1973) *1893 – Dorothy Fuldheim, American journalist and news anchor (died 1989) *1895 – George Hainsworth, Canadian ice hockey player and politician (died 1950) *1898 – Willy Messerschmitt, German engineer and businessman (died 1978) * 1898 – Chesty Puller, US general (died 1971) *1899 – Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1899–1918), Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (died 1918)


1901–present

*1901 – Stuart Symington, American lieutenant and politician, 1st United States Secretary of the Air Force (died 1988) *1902 – Hugues Cuénod, Swiss tenor and educator (died 2010) *1903 – Big Bill Broonzy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1958) *1904 – Peter Lorre, Slovak-American actor and singer (died 1964) *1905 – Lynd Ward, American author and illustrator (died 1985) *
1906 Events January–February * January 12 – Persian Constitutional Revolution: A nationalistic coalition of merchants, religious leaders and intellectuals in Persia forces the shah Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar to grant a constitution, ...
– Alberto Rabagliati, Italian singer (died 1974) * 1906 – Viktor Schreckengost, American sculptor and educator (died 2008) *1907 – Debs Garms, American baseball player (died 1984) *1908 – Salvador Allende, Chilean physician and politician, 29th President of Chile (died 1973) * 1909 – Colonel Tom Parker, Dutch-American talent manager (died 1997) * 1909 – Wolfgang Reitherman, German-American animator, director, and producer (died 1985) *1911 – Babe Didrikson Zaharias, American golfer and basketball player (died 1956) * 1911 – Bronisław Żurakowski, Polish pilot and engineer (died 2009) *1913 – Aimé Césaire, French poet, author, and politician (died 2008) * 1913 – Maurice Wilkes, English computer scientist and physicist (died 2010) *1914 – Laurie Lee, English author and poet (died 1997) * 1914 – Sultan Ahmad Nanupuri, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and teacher (died 1997) * 1914 – Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark, European royalty (died 2001) *1915 – Paul Castellano, American gangster (died 1985) * 1915 – George Haigh, English professional footballer (died 2019) * 1915 – Charlotte Zolotow, American author and poet (died 2013) *1916 – Virginia Satir, American psychotherapist and author (died 1988) * 1916 – Giuseppe Taddei, Italian actor and singer (died 2010) *
1917 Events Below, the events of World War I have the "WWI" prefix. January * January 9 – WWI – Battle of Rafa: The last substantial Ottoman Army garrison on the Sinai Peninsula is captured by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force's ...
– Idriz Ajeti, Albanian albanologist (died 2019) *
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
– Leo Rosner, Polish-born Austrian Jewish musician (died 2008) * 1918 – Raleigh Rhodes, American combat fighter pilot (died 2007) * 1918 – J. B. Fuqua, American entrepreneur and philanthropist (died 2006) *1919 – Richard Neustadt, American political scientist and academic (died 2003) * 1919 – Jimmy Newberry, American pitcher (died 1983) * 1919 – George Athan Billias, American historian (died 2018) * 1919 – Donald M. Ashton, English art director (died 2004) *1920 – Jean-Pierre Roy, Canadian-American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (died 2014) *1921 – Violette Szabo, French-British secret agent (died 1945) * 1921 – Robert Everett (computer scientist), Robert Everett, American computer scientist (died 2018) *1922 – Walter Farley, American author (died 1989) * 1922 – Eleanor Parker, American actress (died 2013) * 1922 – Enzo Apicella, English artist, cartoonist, designer, and restaurateur (died 2018) *1923 – Franz-Paul Decker, German conductor (died 2014) * 1923 – Ed Bearss, American military historian and author (died 2020) *
1924 Events January * January 12 – Gopinath Saha shoots Ernest Day, whom he has mistaken for Sir Charles Tegart, the police commissioner of Calcutta, and is arrested soon after. * January 20–January 30, 30 – Kuomintang in Ch ...
– Kostas Axelos, Greek-French philosopher and author (died 2010) * 1924 – James W. McCord Jr., CIA officer (died 2017) *1925 – Pavel Belyayev, Soviet soldier, pilot and cosmonaut (died 1970) * 1925 – Wolfgang Unzicker, German chess player (died 2006) * 1925 – Jean Frydman, French resistant and businessman (died 2021) *1926 – Kenny Baker (fiddler), Kenny Baker, American fiddler (died 2011) * 1926 – Mahendra Bhatnagar, Indian poet (died 2020) * 1926 – Fernando Mönckeberg Barros, Chilean surgeon * 1926 – Dinu Zamfirescu, Romanian politician *
1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the BBC, British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, John Reith becomes the first ...
– Robert Kroetsch, Canadian author and poet (died 2011) *1928 – Jacob Druckman, American composer and academic (died 1996) * 1928 – Yoshiro Nakamatsu, Japanese inventor * 1928 – Bill Sheffield, American politician; 5th Governor of Alaska (died 2022) * 1928 – Samuel Belzberg, Canadian businessman and philanthropist (died 2018) *1929 – June Bronhill, Australian soprano and actress (died 2005) * 1929 – Fred Bruemmer, Latvian-Canadian photographer and author (died 2013) * 1929 – Milton Glaser, American illustrator and graphic designer (died 2020) *1930 – Jackie Fargo, American wrestler and trainer (died 2013) * 1930 – Wolfgang Schwanitz, East German secret police (died 2022) *1931 – Colin Wilson, English philosopher and author (died 2013) *1932 – Dame Marguerite Pindling, Bahamian politician; Governor-General of the Bahamas * 1932 – Don Valentine, American venture capitalist (died 2019) *1933 – Claudio Abbado, Italian conductor (died 2014) * 1933 – Gene Green (baseball), Gene Green, American baseball player (died 1981) * 1933 – David Winnick, English politician *
1934 Events January–February * January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established. * January 15 – The 8.0 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake, Nepal–Bihar earthquake strik ...
– Dave Grusin, American pianist and composer * 1934 – Toru Goto, Japanese swimmer *1935 – Carlo Facetti, Italian race car driver * 1935 – Sandro Riminucci, Italian basketball player *
1936 Events January–February * January 20 – The Prince of Wales succeeds to the throne of the United Kingdom as King Edward VIII, following the death of his father, George V, at Sandringham House. * January 28 – Death and state funer ...
– Benjamin Adekunle, Nigerian general (died 2014) * 1936 – Hal Greer, American basketball player (died 2018) * 1936 – Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart, Scottish politician (died 2020) * 1936 – Edith Pearlman, American short story writer (died 2023) * 1936 – Jean-Claude Turcotte, Canadian cardinal (died 2015) * 1936 – Nancy Willard, American author and poet (died 2017) *1937 – Robert Coleman Richardson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013) * 1937 – Reggie Workman, American bassist and composer *1938 – Neil Abercrombie, American sociologist and politician, 7th Governor of Hawaii * 1938 – Billy Davis Jr., American pop-soul singer * 1938 – Gerald North, American climatologist and academic *1939 – Chuck Robb, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 64th Governor of Virginia * 1939 – Zainuddin Maidin, Malaysian politician (died 2018) *
1941 The Correlates of War project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 3.49 million. However, the Uppsala Conflict Data Program estimates that the subsequent year, 1942, wa ...
– Yves Beauchemin, Canadian author and academic *
1942 The Uppsala Conflict Data Program project estimates this to be the deadliest year in human history in terms of conflict deaths, placing the death toll at 4.62 million. However, the Correlates of War estimates that the prior year, 1941, was th ...
– J. J. Dillon, American wrestler and manager * 1942 – Gilberto Gil, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and politician, Minister of Culture (Brazil), Brazilian Minister of Culture *1943 – Georgie Fame, English singer, pianist, and keyboard player * 1943 – Warren Farrell, American author and educator *
1944 Events Below, the events of World War II have the "WWII" prefix. January * January 2 – WWII: ** Free France, Free French General Jean de Lattre de Tassigny is appointed to command First Army (France), French Army B, part of the Sixt ...
– Gennady Zyuganov, Russian politician * 1945 – Issa al-Haadi al-Mahdi (Dwight York), American criminal, black supremacist, pedophile, convicted child molester, and musician *1946 – Candace Pert, American neuroscientist and pharmacologist (died 2013) *1949 – Fredric Brandt, American dermatologist and author (died 2015) * 1949 – Adrian Gurvitz, English singer-songwriter and producer * 1949 – Mary Styles Harris, American biologist and geneticist *1951 – Gary Gilmour, Australian cricketer and manager (died 2014) *
1952 Events January–February * January 26 – Cairo Fire, Black Saturday in Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt: Rioters burn Cairo's central business district, targeting British and upper-class Egyptian businesses. * February 6 ** Princess Elizabeth, ...
– Gordon McQueen, Scottish footballer and manager (died 2023) * 1952 – Olive Morris, Jamaican-English civil rights activist (died 1979) * 1952 – Simon Mann, British military officer and mercenary (died 2025) *1954 – Luis Arconada, Spanish footballer * 1955 – Mick Jones (The Clash), Mick Jones, English singer-songwriter and guitarist * 1955 – Gedde Watanabe, American actor *1956 – Chris Isaak, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor * 1956 – Catherine Samba-Panza, interim president of the Central African Republic * 1956 – Patrick Mercer, English colonel and politician *1957 – Al Hunter Ashton, English actor and screenwriter (died 2007) * 1957 – Philippe Couillard, Canadian surgeon and politician, 31st Premier of Quebec * 1957 – Patty Smyth, American singer-songwriter and musician *
1959 Events January * January 1 – Cuba: Fulgencio Batista flees Havana when the forces of Fidel Castro advance. * January 2 – Soviet lunar probe Luna 1 is the first human-made object to attain escape velocity from Earth. It reaches the ...
– Mark McKinney, Canadian actor and screenwriter *
1960 It is also known as the "Year of Africa" because of major events—particularly the independence of seventeen African nations—that focused global attention on the continent and intensified feelings of Pan-Africanism. Events January * Janu ...
– Mark Durkan, Irish politician *1961 – Greg LeMond, American cyclist * 1961 – Terri Nunn, American singer-songwriter and actress *1962 – Jerome Kersey, American basketball player and coach (died 2015) *
1963 Events January * January 1 – Bogle–Chandler case: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation scientist Dr. Gilbert Bogle and Mrs. Margaret Chandler are found dead (presumed poisoned), in bushland near the Lane Cove ...
– Mikhail Khodorkovsky, Russian-Swiss businessman and philanthropist * 1963 – Mark McClellan, American economist and politician * 1963 – The Sundays, Harriet Wheeler, English singer-songwriter *1964 – Tommi Mäkinen, Finnish race car driver *1966 – Dany Boon, French actor, director, and screenwriter * 1966 – Kirk McLean, Canadian ice hockey player * 1966 – Jürgen Reil, American drummer *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...
– Inha Babakova, Ukrainian high jumper * 1967 – Olivier Dahan, French director and screenwriter *1968 – Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, Icelandic lecturer and politician, 6th President of Iceland * 1968 – Paolo Maldini, Italian footballer * 1968 – Shannon Sharpe, American football player *1969 – Colin Greenwood, English bass player and songwriter * 1969 – Ingrid Lempereur, Belgian swimmer * 1969 – Geir Moen, Norwegian sprinter * 1969 – Mike Myers (baseball), Mike Myers, American baseball player *1970 – Paul Thomas Anderson, American director, producer, and screenwriter * 1970 – Paul Bitok, Kenyan runner * 1970 – Irv Gotti, American record producer, co-founded Murder Inc Records (died 2025) * 1970 – Sean Hayes (actor), Sean Hayes, American actor * 1970 – Matt Letscher, American actor and playwright * 1970 – Adam Ndlovu, Zimbabwean footballer (died 2012) * 1970 – Chris O'Donnell, American actor * 1970 – Nick Offerman, American actor *1971 – Max Biaggi, Italian motorcycle racer *1972 – Jai Taurima, Australian long jumper and police officer *1973 – Gretchen Wilson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist *
1974 Major events in 1974 include the aftermath of the 1973 oil crisis and the resignation of United States President Richard Nixon following the Watergate scandal. In the Middle East, the aftermath of the 1973 Yom Kippur War determined politics; ...
– Derek Jeter, American baseball player * 1974 – Jason Kendall, American baseball player *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 – Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
– Chris Armstrong (ice hockey), Chris Armstrong, Canadian ice hockey player * 1975 – Terry Skiverton, English footballer and manager *1976 – Ed Jovanovski, Canadian ice hockey player * 1976 – Pommie Mbangwa, Zimbabwean cricketer and sportscaster * 1976 – Chad Pennington, American football player and sportscaster * 1976 – Dave Rubin, American political commentator *
1977 Events January * January 8 – 1977 Moscow bombings, Three bombs explode in Moscow within 37 minutes, killing seven. The bombings are attributed to an Armenian separatist group. * January 10 – Mount Nyiragongo erupts in eastern Zaire (no ...
– Quincy Lewis, American basketball player *1979 – Ryō Fukuda, Japanese race car driver * 1979 – Walter Herrmann, Argentinian basketball player * 1979 – Ryan Tedder, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer *1980 – Hamílton Hênio Ferreira Calheiros, Togolese footballer * 1980 – Michael Jackson (footballer born 1980), Michael Jackson, English footballer * 1980 – Jason Schwartzman, American singer-songwriter, drummer, and actor * 1980 – Chris Shelton (baseball), Chris Shelton, American baseball player * 1980 – Michael Vick, American football player *
1981 Events January * January 1 ** Greece enters the European Economic Community, predecessor of the European Union. ** Palau becomes a self-governing territory. * January 6 – A funeral service is held in West Germany for Nazi Grand Admiral ...
– Natalya Antyukh, Russian sprinter and hurdler * 1981 – Paolo Cannavaro, Italian footballer * 1981 – Kanako Kondō, Japanese voice actress and singer * 1981 – Takashi Toritani, Japanese baseball player *1982 – Zuzana Kučová, Slovak tennis player *1983 – Vinícius Rodrigues Almeida, Brazilian footballer * 1983 – Nick Compton, South African-English cricketer * 1983 – Toyonoshima Daiki, Japanese sumo wrestler * 1983 – Felipe Melo, Brazilian footballer * 1983 – Antonio Rosati, Italian footballer *1984 – J. J. Barea, Puerto Rican-American basketball player * 1984 – Yankuba Ceesay, Gambian footballer * 1984 – Elijah Dukes, American baseball player * 1984 – Raymond Felton, American basketball player * 1984 – Indila, French singer * 1984 – Priscah Jeptoo, Kenyan runner * 1984 – Aubrey Plaza, American actress * 1984 – Preslava, Bulgarian singer * 1984 – Jūlija Tepliha, Latvian figure skater * 1984 – Deron Williams, American basketball player *1985 – Ogyen Trinley Dorje, Tibetan spiritual leader, 17th Karmapa Lama *1986 – Duvier Riascos, Colombian footballer *1987 – Carlos Iaconelli, Brazilian race car driver * 1987 – Samir Nasri, French footballer * 1988 – Oliver Stang, German footballer * 1988 – King Bach, Canadian-American actor, comedian, director, producer, writer and social media personality *1990 – Belaynesh Oljira, Ethiopian runner * 1990 – Iman Shumpert, American basketball player * 1990 – Igor Subbotin, Estonian footballer *1991 – Houssem Chemali, French footballer * 1991 – Diego Falcinelli, Italian footballer * 1991 – Dustin Martin, Australian rules footballer *1992 – Joel Campbell, Costa Rican footballer * 1992 – Rudy Gobert, French basketball player * 1992 – Jennette McCurdy, American actress and singer-songwriter *1993 – Ariana Grande, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress *1994 – Hollie Arnold, English javelin thrower * 1994 – Leonard Carow, German actor *1997 – Baek Ye-rin, South Korean singer * 1997 – Jacob Elordi, Australian actor * 1997 – Callum Taylor (English cricketer), Callum Taylor, English cricketer *2000 – Ann Li (tennis), Ann Li, American tennis player *2002 – Chandler Smith, American race car driver *2004 – Mikey Williams (basketball, born 2004), Mikey Williams, American basketball player *2005 – Princess Alexia of the Netherlands


Deaths


Pre-1600

*116 BC – Ptolemy VIII Physcon, Ptolemy VIII, king of Egypt * 363 – Julian (emperor), Julian the Apostate, Roman emperor (born 332) * 405 – Vigilius of Trent, Vigilius, bishop of Trent (born 353) * 822 – Saichō, Japanese Buddhist monk (born 767) * 969 – George El Mozahem, Egyptian martyr (born 940) * 985 – Ramiro III of León, Ramiro III, king of León *1090 – Jaromír, Bishop of Prague, Jaromír, bishop of Prague *1095 – Robert the Lotharingian, Robert, bishop of Hereford *1265 – Anne of Bohemia, Duchess of Silesia, Anne of Bohemia, duchess of Silesia (born 1203 or 1204) *1274 – Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Persian scientist and writer (born 1201) *1487 – John Argyropoulos, Byzantine philosopher and scholar (born 1415) *
1541 __NOTOC__ Year 1541 ( MDXLI) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 4 – Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta is elected to a two-year term as the new Doge of the Republic o ...
Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro, Marquess of the Atabillos (; ; – 26 June 1541) was a Spanish ''conquistador'', best known for his expeditions that led to the Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire. Born in Trujillo, Cáceres, Trujillo, Spain, to a poor fam ...
, Spanish explorer and politician, List of Viceroys of Peru, Governor of New Castile (born c. 1471) *1574 – Gabriel, comte de Montgomery, captain of the Scottish Guard of Henry II of France (born 1530)


1601–1900

*1677 – Francesco Buonamici (architect), Francesco Buonamici, Italian architect, painter and engraver (born 1596) *1688 – Ralph Cudworth, English philosopher and academic (born 1617) *1752 – Giulio Alberoni, Spanish cardinal (born 1664) *1757 – Maximilian Ulysses Browne, Austrian field marshal (born 1705) *1784 – Caesar Rodney, American lawyer and politician, 4th Governor of Delaware (born 1728) *1793 – Gilbert White, English ornithologist and ecologist (born 1720) *1795 – Johannes Jährig, German linguist and translator (born 1747) *1798 – James Dickey (United Irishmen), James Dickey, Irish revolutionary (born 1776) *1808 – Ludwik Tyszkiewicz, Polish poet and politician (born 1748) *1810 – Montgolfier brothers, Joseph-Michel Montgolfier, French inventor, co-invented the hot air balloon (born 1740) *
1830 It is known in European history as a rather tumultuous year with the Revolutions of 1830 in France, Belgium, Poland, Switzerland and Italy. Events January–March * January 11 – LaGrange College (later the University of North Alabama) ...
– George IV of the United Kingdom (born 1762) *1836 – Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, French soldier and composer (born 1760) *1856 – Max Stirner, German philosopher and author (born 1806) *1860 – George Montgomery White, American politician (born 1828) *1870 – Armand Barbès, French lawyer and politician (born 1809) *1878 – Mercedes of Orléans (born 1860) *1879 – Richard H. Anderson (general), Richard H. Anderson, American general (born 1821) *1883 – Edward Sabine, Irish-English astronomer, geophysicist, and ornithologist (born 1788)


1901–present

*
1918 The ceasefire that effectively ended the World War I, First World War took place on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month of this year. Also in this year, the Spanish flu pandemic killed 50–100 million people wor ...
– Peter Rosegger, Austrian poet and author (born 1843) *1922 – Albert I, Prince of Monaco (born 1848) *
1927 Events January * January 1 – The British Broadcasting ''Company'' becomes the BBC, British Broadcasting ''Corporation'', when its Royal Charter of incorporation takes effect. John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, John Reith becomes the first ...
– Armand Guillaumin, French painter (born 1841) *1932 – Adelaide Ames, American astronomer and academic (born 1900) *1938 – James Weldon Johnson, American poet, lawyer and politician (born 1871) * 1938 – Daria Pratt, American golfer (born 1859) *1939 – Ford Madox Ford, English novelist, poet, and critic (born 1873) *1943 – Karl Landsteiner, Austrian biologist and physician, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1868) *
1945 1945 marked the end of World War II, the fall of Nazi Germany, and the Empire of Japan. It is also the year concentration camps were liberated and the only year in which atomic weapons have been used in combat. Events World War II will be ...
– Emil Hácha, Czech lawyer and politician, 3rd President of Czechoslovakia (born 1872) *1946 – Max Kögel, German SS officer (born 1895) * 1946 – Yōsuke Matsuoka, Japanese politician, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan), Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1880) *1947 – R. B. Bennett, Canadian lawyer and politician, 11th Prime Minister of Canada (born 1870) *1949 – Kim Koo, South Korean educator and politician, 13th Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea#List of presidents, President of the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (born 1876) * 1955 – Engelbert Zaschka, German engineer (born 1895) *1956 – Clifford Brown, American trumpet player and composer (born 1930) * 1956 – Richie Powell, American pianist (born 1931) *1957 – Alfred Döblin, Polish-German physician and author (born 1878) * 1957 – Malcolm Lowry, English novelist and poet (born 1909) *1958 – George Orton, Canadian runner and hurdler (born 1873) * 1958 – Andrija Štampar, Croatian physician and scholar (born 1888) *1964 – Léo Dandurand, American-Canadian businessman (born 1889) *
1967 Events January * January 1 – Canada begins a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of Canadian Confederation, Confederation, featuring the Expo 67 World's Fair. * January 6 – Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and Army of ...
– Françoise Dorléac, French actress and singer (born 1942) *
1975 It was also declared the ''International Women's Year'' by the United Nations and the European Architectural Heritage Year by the Council of Europe. Events January * January 1 – Watergate scandal (United States): John N. Mitchell, H. R. ...
– Josemaría Escrivá, Spanish priest and saint (born 1902) *1979 – Akwasi Afrifa, Ghanaian soldier and politician, 3rd List of heads of state of Ghana, Head of State of Ghana (born 1936) *1989 – Howard Charles Green, Canadian lawyer and politician, 27th Minister of Public Works (Canada), Canadian Minister of Public Works (born 1895) *1990 – Anni Blomqvist, Finnish author (born 1909) *1992 – Buddy Rogers (wrestler), Buddy Rogers, American wrestler (born 1921) *1993 – Roy Campanella, American baseball player and coach (born 1921) * 1993 – William H. Riker, American political scientist and academic (born 1920) *1994 – Jahanara Imam, Bangladeshi author and activist (born 1929) *1996 – Veronica Guerin, Irish journalist (born 1958) * 1996 – Necmettin Hacıeminoğlu, Turkish linguist and academic (born 1932) *1997 – Don Hutson, American football player and coach (born 1913) *1998 – Hacı Sabancı, Turkish businessman and philanthropist (born 1935) *2001 – Gina Cigna, French-Italian soprano (born 1900) *2002 – Jay Berwanger, American football player (born 1914) * 2002 – Arnold Brown (General of The Salvation Army), Arnold Brown, English-Canadian 11th General of The Salvation Army (born 1913) *2003 – Marc-Vivien Foé, Cameroon footballer (born 1975) * 2003 – Denis Thatcher, English soldier and businessman (born 1915) * 2003 – Strom Thurmond, American general, lawyer, and politician, 103rd Governor of South Carolina (born 1902) *2004 – Ott Arder, Estonian poet and translator (born 1950) * 2004 – Yash Johar, Indian film producer, founded Dharma Productions (born 1929) * 2004 – Naomi Shemer, Israeli singer-songwriter (born 1930) *2005 – Tõnno Lepmets, Estonian basketball player (born 1938) * 2005 – Richard Whiteley, English journalist and game show host (born 1943) *2006 – Tommy Wonder (magician), Tommy Wonder, Dutch magician (born 1953) *2007 – Liz Claiborne (fashion designer), Liz Claiborne, Belgian-American fashion designer, founded Liz Claiborne (born 1929) * 2007 – Joey Sadler, New Zealand rugby player (born 1914) *2010 – Algirdas Brazauskas, Lithuanian engineer and politician, 4th President of Lithuania (born 1932) * 2010 – Harald Keres, Estonian physicist and academic (born 1912) *2011 – Edith Fellows, American actress (born 1923) * 2011 – Jan van Beveren, Dutch footballer and coach (born 1948) *2012 – Sverker Åström, Swedish diplomat, Permanent Representative of Sweden to the United Nations, Swedish Permanent Representative to the United Nations (born 1915) * 2012 – Pat Cummings, American basketball player (born 1956) * 2012 – Nora Ephron, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1941) * 2012 – Mario O'Hara, Filipino director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1944) * 2012 – Doris Singleton, American actress (born 1919) *2013 – Henrik Otto Donner, Finnish trumpet player and composer (born 1939) * 2013 – Edward Huggins Johnstone, Brazilian-American sergeant and judge (born 1922) * 2013 – Byron Looper, American politician (born 1964) * 2013 – Justin Miller (baseball, born 1977), Justin Miller, American baseball player (born 1977) * 2013 – Marc Rich, Belgian-American businessman (born 1934) *2014 – Howard Baker, American lawyer, politician, and diplomat, 12th White House Chief of Staff (born 1925) * 2014 – Bill Frank, American-Canadian football player (born 1938) * 2014 – Rollin King, American businessman, co-founded Southwest Airlines (born 1931) * 2014 – Bob Mischak, American football player and coach (born 1932) * 2014 – Julius Rudel, Austrian-American conductor (born 1921) * 2014 – Mary Rodgers, American composer and author (born 1931) *2015 – Yevgeny Primakov, Ukrainian-Russian journalist and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Russia (born 1929) * 2015 – Chris Thompson (TV producer), Chris Thompson, American screenwriter and producer (born 1952) *2019 – Beth Chapman (bounty hunter), Beth Chapman, American reality Television star, Bounty Hunter (born 1967) *2020 – Milton Glaser, American graphic designer (born 1929) *2021 – Mike Gravel, American politician (born 1930) *2022 – Margaret Keane, American artist (born 1927) *2024 – Taiki Matsuno, Japanese voice actor (born 1967)


Holidays and observances

*Day of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan *Christian Calendar of saints, feast day: **Anthelm of Belley **David the Dendrite **Hermogius **Isabel Florence Hapgood (Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church), Episcopal Church) **Jeremiah (Calendar of Saints (Lutheran), Lutheran) **John and Paul **José María Robles Hurtado (one of Saints of the Cristero War) **Josemaría Escrivá **Mar Abhai (Syriac Orthodox Church) **Pelagius of Córdoba **Vigilius of Trent **June 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) *Independence Day (Somaliland), Independence Day, celebrates the independence of
Somaliland Somaliland, officially the Republic of Somaliland, is an List of states with limited recognition, unrecognised country in the Horn of Africa. It is located in the southern coast of the Gulf of Aden and bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, E ...
from United Kingdom in 1960. (Somaliland) *International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking (International observance, International) *International Day in Support of Victims of Torture (International observance, International) *World Refrigeration Day (International observance, International)


References


External links

* * * {{DEFAULTSORT:June 26 Days of June