''Juncus'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial n ...

monocotyledon Monocotyledons (), commonly referred to as monocots, ( Lilianae ''sensu'' Chase & Reveal) are grass and grass-like flowering plants (angiosperms), the seeds of which typically contain only one embryonic leaf, or cotyledon. They constitute one of ...

ous

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. They include all forbs (flowering plants without a woody stem), grasses and grass-like plants, a vast majority of ...

s, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family

Juncaceae Juncaceae is a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the rush family. It consists of 8 genera and about 464 known species of slow-growing, rhizomatous, herbaceous monocotyledonous plants that may superficially resemble grasses and s ...

, containing around 300 species.

Description

Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition ...

plants that superficially resemble

grasses Poaceae () or Gramineae () is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses. It includes the cereal grasses, bamboos and the grasses of natural grassland and species cultivated in lawns a ...

sedge The Cyperaceae are a family of graminoid (grass-like), monocotyledonous flowering plants known as sedges. The family is large, with some 5,500 known species described in about 90 genera, the largest being the "true sedges" genus '' Carex'' ...

s. They have historically received little attention from botanists; in his 1819 monograph,

James Ebenezer Bicheno James Ebenezer Bicheno (25 January 1785 – 25 February 1851) was a British author and colonial official. Bicheno was born in Newbury, Berkshire, the son of the Rev. James Bicheno, who was minister of the Baptist Church there. He was call ...

described the genus as "obscure and uninviting". The form of the flower differentiates rushes from grasses or sedges. The flowers of ''Juncus'' comprise five

whorls A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral d ...

of floral parts: three sepals, three petals (or, taken together, six tepals), two to six

stamen The stamen (plural ''stamina'' or ''stamens'') is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower. Collectively the stamens form the androecium., p. 10 Morphology and terminology A stamen typically consists of a stalk called the filam ...

s (in two whorls) and a stigma with three lobes. The stems are round in cross-section, unlike those of

s, which are typically somewhat triangular in cross-section. In ''Juncus'' section ''Juncotypus'' (formerly called ''Juncus'' subg. ''Genuini''), which contains some of the most widespread and familiar species, the leaves are reduced to sheaths around the base of the stem and the bract subtending the inflorescence closely resembles a continuation of the stem, giving the appearance that the inflorescence is lateral.

Distribution and ecology

''Juncus'' has a cosmopolitan distribution, with species found throughout the world, with the exception of

Antarctica Antarctica () is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent. Situated almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle and surrounded by the Southern Ocean, it contains the geographic South Pole. Antarctica is the fifth-largest co ...

. They typically grow in cold or wet habitats, and in the tropics, are most common in

montane Montane ecosystems are found on the slopes of mountains. The alpine climate in these regions strongly affects the ecosystem because temperatures fall as elevation increases, causing the ecosystem to stratify. This stratification is a crucial ...

environments.

Fossil record

Several

fossil A fossil (from Classical Latin , ) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age. Examples include bones, shells, exoskeletons, stone imprints of animals or microbes, objects preserved ...

fruits of a ''Juncus'' species have been described from middle Miocene

strata In geology and related fields, a stratum ( : strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as e ...

of the Fasterholt area near

Silkeborg Silkeborg () is a Danish town with a population of 49,747 (1 January 2022).Jutland Jutland ( da, Jylland ; german: Jütland ; ang, Ēota land ), known anciently as the Cimbric or Cimbrian Peninsula ( la, Cimbricus Chersonesus; da, den Kimbriske Halvø, links=no or ; german: Kimbrische Halbinsel, links=no), is a peninsula of ...

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Kingdom of Denmark , establishe ...

.Angiosperm Fruits and Seeds from the Middle Miocene of Jutland (Denmark) by

Else Marie Friis Else Marie Friis (born 18 June 1947) is a Danish botanist and paleontologist. She is Professor Emerita in the Department of Geoscience at Aarhus University. Her work has been fundamental in the phylogenetic analysis of angiosperms, with widesprea ...

, The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters 24:3, 1985

Classification

The genus ''Juncus'' was first named by

Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, ...

in his 1753 '. The

type species In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen( ...

of the genus was designated by

Frederick Vernon Coville Frederick Vernon Coville (March 23, 1867 – January 9, 1937) was an American botanist who participated in the Death Valley Expedition (1890-1891), was honorary curator of the United States National Herbarium (1893-1937), worked at then was Ch ...

, who in 1913 chose the first species in Linnaeus' account, ''

Juncus acutus ''Juncus acutus'', the spiny rush, sharp rush or sharp-pointed rush, is a flowering plant in the monocot family Juncaceae found throughout the Americas, Northern and Southern Africa, Western and Southern Europe and West Asia. It grows in salt ...

''. ''Juncus'' can be divided into two major groups, one group with

cymose An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed on ...

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed ...

s that include

bracteole In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are usually different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or o ...

s, and one with

racemose A raceme ( or ) or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the sh ...

inflorescences with no bracteoles. The genus is divided into the following

subgenera In biology, a subgenus (plural: subgenera) is a taxonomic rank directly below genus. In the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, a subgeneric name can be used independently or included in a species name, in parentheses, placed betwee ...

and

sections Section, Sectioning or Sectioned may refer to: Arts, entertainment and media * Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea * Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents ** Section sig ...

: * ''Juncus'' subg. ''Juncus'' ** sect. ''Juncus'' ** sect. ''Graminei'' (Engelm.) Engelm. ** sect. ''Caespitosi'' Cout. ** sect. ''Stygiopsis'' Kuntze ** sect. ''Ozophyllum'' Dumort. ** sect. ''Iridifolii'' Snogerup & Kirschner * ''Juncus'' subg. ''Poiophylli'' Buchenau ** sect. ''Tenageia'' Dumort. ** sect. ''Steirochloa'' Griseb. ** sect. ''Juncotypus'' Dumort. ** sect. ''Forskalina'' Kuntze

Species

Plants of the World Online Plants of the World Online (POWO) is an online database published by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It was launched in March 2017 with the ultimate aim being "to enable users to access information on all the world's known seed-bearing plants ...

'' accepts the following species in the genus ''Juncus'': *''

Juncus acuminatus ''Juncus acuminatus'' is a species of rush known by the common names tapertip rush, tufted rush and sharp-fruited rush. It is native to North and Central America, where it can be found in and around water bodies from central Canada to Honduras. ...

'' Michx. *''

Juncus acutiflorus ''Juncus acutiflorus'', also called sharp-flowered rush, is a rush or a grassy plant of the genus ''Juncus''. As the name suggests, the plant has notable sharp-looking flowers, flowering between July and September. Description The plant has leav ...

'' Ehrh. ex Hoffm. *''

'' L. *''

Juncus aemulans ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Liebm. *''

Juncus alatus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Franch. & Sav. *''

Juncus alexandri ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' L.A.S.Johnson *''

Juncus allioides ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Franch. *''

Juncus alpigenus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' K.Koch *''

Juncus × alpiniformis ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Fernald *''

Juncus alpinoarticulatus ''Juncus alpinoarticulatus'', called the northern green rush and the alpine rush, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Juncus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest gen ...

'' Chaix *''

Juncus amabilis ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Edgar *''

Juncus amplifolius ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' A.Camus *''

Juncus amuricus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' (Maxim.) V.I.Krecz. & Gontsch. *''

Juncus anatolicus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Snogerup *''

Juncus anceps ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfic ...

'' Laharpe *''

Juncus andersonii ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Buchenau *''

Juncus andinus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Balslev *''

Juncus antarcticus ''Juncus antarcticus'', also known as dwarf rush, is a flowering plant species in the rush family Juncaceae, native to New Zealand and Australia. Description It is a dwarf perennial that forms cushions and has well-developed rhizomes and stol ...

'' Hook.f. *''

Juncus anthelatus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' (Wiegand) R.E.Brooks & Whittem. *''

Juncus arcticus ''Juncus arcticus'', called the arctic rush, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Juncus'', native to the subarctic and subalpine northern hemisphere. It is typically found in wetland and riparian habitats. Subtaxa The following subspe ...

'' Willd. *''

Juncus aridicola ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' L.A.S.Johnson *''

Juncus articulatus ''Juncus articulatus'' is a flowering plant species in the rush family Juncaceae. It is known by the common name jointleaf rush or jointed rush, which can also refer to '' J. kraussii'' from Australia. It is native to Eurasia, Canada, Greenland ...

'' L. *''

Juncus astreptus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' L.A.S.Johnson *''

Juncus atratus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Krock. *''

Juncus australis ''Juncus australis'' is a species of rush known by the common names austral rush, leafless rush and wīwī. The species is native to south-eastern Australia and New Zealand, where it can be found around bodies of water. Its habitat is wet or ...

'' Hook.f. *''

Juncus austrobrasiliensis ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Balslev *''

Juncus baekdusanensis ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plant, herbaceous pla ...

'' M.Kim *''

Juncus balticus ''Juncus balticus'' is a species of rush known by the common name Baltic rush. It is a perennial flowering plant in the family Juncaceae. This plant can reach a height of about 75 cm. It is native to maritime areas of northern Britain, the ...

'' Willd. *''

Juncus bassianus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' L.A.S.Johnson *''

Juncus batrachium ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Veldkamp *'' Juncus benghalensis'' Kunth *''

Juncus beringensis ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Buchenau *''

Juncus biflorus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Elliott *''

Juncus biglumis ''Juncus biglumis'', called the two-flowered rush, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Juncus'', native to the subarctic and subalpine Northern Hemisphere. It has three divergent genetic lineages that may represent cryptic species. Re ...

'' L. *'' Juncus biglumoides'' H.Hara *''

Juncus bolanderi ''Juncus bolanderi'' is a species of rush known by the common name Bolander's rush. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California, where it grows in many types of wet habitat, such as marshes, beaches, and mea ...

'' Engelm. *''

Juncus brachycarpus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Engelm. *'' Juncus brachycephalus'' (Engelm.) Buchenau *'' Juncus brachyphyllus'' Wiegand *''

Juncus brachyspathus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfic ...

'' Maxim. *''

Juncus brachystigma ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plant, herbaceous pla ...

'' Sam. *''

Juncus brasiliensis ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Breistr. *'' Juncus brevibracteus'' L.A.S.Johnson *'' Juncus brevicaudatus'' (Engelm.) Fernald *''

Juncus breviculmis ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Balslev *''

Juncus breweri ''Juncus breweri'' is a species of rush known by the common name Brewer's rush. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California, where it grows in coastal habitat such as beaches and marshes. It is a perennia ...

'' Engelm. *''

Juncus × brueggeri ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Domin *''

Juncus bryoides ''Juncus bryoides'' is a species of rush known by the common names moss rush and mosslike dwarf rush. It is native to western North America from Oregon to Baja California Baja California (; 'Lower California'), officially the Free and Soverei ...

'' F.J.Herm. *''

Juncus bryophilus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' W.W.Sm. *''

Juncus bufonius ''Juncus bufonius'', known commonly as toad rush, is a widespread flowering plant species complex in the rush family Juncaceae. Distribution Its native range is circumpolar throughout tropical, subtropical, subarctic, and temperate climate are ...

'' L. *''

Juncus bulbosus ''Juncus bulbosus'', the bulbous rush, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Juncus'', native to Iceland, the Faroes, Europe, Macaronesia Macaronesia (Portuguese: ''Macaronésia,'' Spanish: ''Macaronesia'') is a collection of four ...

'' L. *''

Juncus burkartii ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Barros *'' Juncus caesariensis'' Coville *''

Juncus caespiticius ''Juncus caespiticius'', the grassy rush, is a species of flowering plant in the family Juncaceae, native to coastal areas of southern Australia and New Zealand. It usually grows in cool damp areas, preferring fresh or slightly brackish water. ...

'' E.Mey. *''

Juncus canadensis ''Juncus canadensis'', called the Canadian rush, is a species of flowering plant in the genus ''Juncus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, cont ...

'' J.Gay ex Laharpe *''

Juncus capensis ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Thunb. *''

Juncus capillaceus ''Juncus capillaceus'' is a rush species native to South America, but has been introduced to other parts of the world. Description This tufted perennial grows to be tall. Woody roots grow from a horizontal rhizome and are densely covered i ...

'' Lam. *''

Juncus capillaris ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfic ...

'' F.J.Herm. *''

Juncus capitatus ''Juncus capitatus'' is a species of rush known by the common names dwarf rush and leafybract dwarf rush. It is native to Europe, Asia and North Africa. It is also an introduced species in parts of North America such as California and the Gul ...

'' Weigel *''

Juncus castaneus ''Juncus castaneus'' is a species of Juncus, rush known by the common name chestnut rush. It has a circumboreal region, circumborealWilliams, Tara Y. 1990''Juncus castaneus''.In: Fire Effects Information System, nline U.S. Department of Agri ...

'' Sm. *'' Juncus cephalostigma'' Sam. *''

Juncus cephalotes ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Thunb. *''

Juncus chiapasensis ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Balslev *'' Juncus chlorocephalus'' Engelm. *''

Juncus chrysocarpus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Buchenau *''

Juncus clarkei ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Buchenau *''

Juncus compressus ''Juncus compressus'' is a species of flowering plant in the rush family, Juncaceae. It is native to temperate Eurasia.''Juncus compressus'' is easy to confuse with ''J. gerardii.'' Description About 80 cm in height. Rhizomes are short-cr ...

'' Jacq. *''

Juncus concinnus ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfic ...

'' D.Don *''

Juncus concolor ''Juncus'' is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants, commonly known as rushes. It is the largest genus in the family Juncaceae, containing around 300 species. Description Rushes of the genus ''Juncus'' are herbaceous plants that superfici ...

'' Sam. *''

Juncus confusus ''Juncus confusus'' is a species of rush known by the common name Colorado rush. It is native to western North America from British Columbia to northern California to Colorado, where it grows in coniferous forests and wet, grassy areas such as ...

'' Coville *''

Juncus conglomeratus ''Juncus conglomeratus'', known commonly as compact rush, is a perennial, herbaceous flowering plant species in the rush family Juncaceae.