''Jumellea'' is an

orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan plants that are found in almost every habitat on Eart ...

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

with 55 species native to

Madagascar Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island country that includes the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Lying off the southeastern coast of Africa, it is the world's List of islands by area, f ...

, the

Comoros The Comoros, officially the Union of the Comoros, is an archipelagic country made up of three islands in Southeastern Africa, located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city is Moroni, ...

, the

Mascarenes The Mascarene Islands (, ) or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of Réunion. Their na ...

, and eastern

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surfac ...

. In

horticulture Horticulture (from ) is the art and science of growing fruits, vegetables, flowers, trees, shrubs and ornamental plants. Horticulture is commonly associated with the more professional and technical aspects of plant cultivation on a smaller and mo ...

, it is often abbreviated Jum.

Etymology

It is named after

Henri Lucien Jumelle Henri Lucien Jumelle (25 November 1866 in Dreux, Eure-et-Loir Department, France – 6 December 1935 in Marseille, Bouches-du-Rhône Department, France) was a French botanist. From 1887 to 1894, he worked as a plant physiologist at the Faculté d ...

, a French botanist.Genaust, Helmut (1976). ''Etymologisches Wörterbuch der botanischen Pflanzennamen''

Ecology

Pollination

''Jumellea'' exhibits the typical adaptions to

pollination Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma (botany), stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds. Pollinating agents can be animals such as insects, for example bees, beetles or bu ...

hawk moth The Sphingidae are a family of moths commonly called sphinx moths, also colloquially known as hawk moths, with many of their caterpillars known as hornworms. It includes about 1,450 species. It is best represented in the tropics, but species ar ...

s. However, also auto-pollination is known to occur in ''Jumellea stenophylla''.Micheneau, C., Fournel, J., Gauvin-Bialecki, A., & Pailler, T. (2008)
"Auto-pollination in a long-spurred endemic orchid (''Jumellea stenophylla'') on Reunion Island (Mascarene Archipelago, Indian Ocean)."
Plant Systematics and Evolution, 272(1), 11-22.

Phylogeny

Jumellea is proven to be monophyletic.Andriananjamanantsoa, H. N. (2016)
"Systématique évolutive et biogéographie de ''Angraecum'' (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae) à Madagascar."
/ref> ''Jumellea'' is the sister group to ''

Aeranthes ''Aeranthes'', abbreviated Aerth in the horticultural trade,http://www.rhs.org.uk/RHSWebsite/files/87/87be8b1e-908e-4e04-9ee6-30c438354458.pdf is an orchid genus with 47 species, mostly from shady, tropical humid forests in Zimbabwe, Madagascar a ...

''. Both genera together are the sister group to ''

Angraecum ''Angraecum'', also known as comet orchid, is a genus of the family Orchidaceae native to tropical and South Africa, as well as Sri Lanka. It contains 223 species. Etymology Despite the genus's distribution being largely confined to Africa and i ...

'':Farminhão, J. N., Verlynde, S., Kaymak, E., Droissart, V., Simo-Droissart, M., Collobert, G., ... & Stévart, T. (2021)
"Rapid radiation of angraecoids (Orchidaceae, Angraecinae) in tropical Africa characterised by multiple karyotypic shifts under major environmental instability."
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 159, 107105.Perez-Lamarque, B., Maliet, O., Pichon, B., Selosse, M. A., Martos, F., & Morlon, H. (2022)
"Do closely related species interact with similar partners? Testing for phylogenetic signal in bipartite interaction networks."
Peer Community Journal, 2. ''Angraecum'' evolved into a separate lineage about 9.12 million years ago, and the genera ''Jumellea'' and ''Aeranthes'' separated about 9.55 million years ago. This means these genera date back to the

Miocene The Miocene ( ) is the first epoch (geology), geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and mea ...

Taxonomy

Species

* '' Jumellea alionae'' P.J.Cribb, 2009 * '' Jumellea ambrensis'' H.Perrier, 1938 * '' Jumellea amplifolia'' Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea angustifolia'' H.Perrier, 1938 * '' Jumellea anjouanensis'' (Finet) H.Perrier, 1941 * '' Jumellea arachnantha'' (Rchb.f.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea arborescens'' H.Perrier, 1938 * '' Jumellea bathiei'' Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea bernetiana'' J.-B.Castillon, 2011 * '' Jumellea bosseri'' Pailler, 2009 * '' Jumellea brachycentra'' Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea brevifolia'' H.Perrier, 1939 * '' Jumellea comorensis'' (Rchb.f.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea confusa'' (Schltr.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea cowanii'' (Ridl.) Garay, 1972 * '' Jumellea cyrtoceras'' Schltr., 1918 * '' Jumellea dendrobioides'' Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea densifoliata'' Senghas, 1964 * '' Jumellea divaricata'' (Frapp. ex Cordem.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea exilis'' (Cordem.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea fragrans'' (Thouars) Schltr., 1914 * '' Jumellea francoisii'' Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea gladiator'' (Rchb.f.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea gregariiflora'' H.Perrier, 1939 * '' Jumellea hyalina'' H.Perrier, 1938 * '' Jumellea ibityana'' Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea intricata'' H.Perrier, 1938 * '' Jumellea jumelleana'' (Schltr.) Summerh., 1951 (publ. 1952) * '' Jumellea lignosa'' (Schltr.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea linearipetala'' H.Perrier, 1938 * '' Jumellea longivaginans'' H.Perrier, 1938 * '' Jumellea majalis'' (Schltr.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea major'' Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea marojejiensis'' H.Perrier, 1951 * '' Jumellea maxillarioides'' (Ridl.) Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea nutans'' (Frapp. ex Cordem.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea ophioplectron'' (Rchb.f.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea pachyceras'' Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea pachyra'' (Kraenzl.) H.Perrier, 1941 * '' Jumellea pailleri'' F.Rakotoar., 2011 * '' Jumellea papangensis'' H.Perrier, 1938 * '' Jumellea peyrotii'' Bosser, 1970 * '' Jumellea phalaenophora'' (Rchb.f.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea porrigens'' Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea punctata'' H.Perrier, 1938 * '' Jumellea recta'' (Thouars) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea recurva'' (Thouars) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea rigida'' Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea rossii'' Senghas, 1967 * '' Jumellea similis'' Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea spathulata'' (Ridl.) Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea stenoglossa'' H.Perrier, 1951 * '' Jumellea stenophylla'' (Frapp. ex Cordem.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea stipitata'' (Frapp. ex Cordem.) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea tenuibracteata'' (H.Perrier) F.P.Rakotoar. & Pailler, 2012 * '' Jumellea teretifolia'' Schltr., 1925 * '' Jumellea triquetra'' (Thouars) Schltr., 1915 * '' Jumellea usambarensis'' J.J.Wood, 1982 * '' Jumellea walleri'' (Rolfe) la Croix, 2000 * '' Jumellea zaratananae'' Schltr., 1925

References

External links

* * Vandeae genera {{Vandeae-stub