Julián Marías Aguilera (17 June 1914 – 15 December 2005) was a Spanish

philosopher Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

associated with the

Generation of '36 The Generation of '36 () is the name given to a group of Spanish artists, poets and playwrights who were working about the time of the Spanish Civil War (1936 - 1939). The Generation of '36 was a literary movement that suffered harsh criticism and ...

movement. He was a pupil of the Spanish philosopher

José Ortega y Gasset José Ortega y Gasset (; ; 9 May 1883 – 18 October 1955) was a Spanish philosopher and essayist. He worked during the first half of the 20th century while Spain oscillated between monarchy, republicanism and dictatorship. His philosoph ...

and member of the Madrid School.A. Pablo Iannone, ''Dictionary of World Philosophy', Routledge, 2013, p. 328: "Madrid School".

Life and work

Marías was born in the city of

Valladolid Valladolid ( ; ) is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and ''de facto'' capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castile and León. It is also the capital of the pr ...

, and moved to

Madrid Madrid ( ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in Spain, most populous municipality of Spain. It has almost 3.5 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 7 million. It i ...

at the age of five. He went on to study philosophy at the

Complutense University of Madrid The Complutense University of Madrid (, UCM; ) is a public research university located in Madrid. Founded in Alcalá in 1293 (before relocating to Madrid in 1836), it is one of the oldest operating universities in the world, and one of Spain's ...

, graduating in 1936. Within months of his graduation the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...

broke out. During the conflict Marías sided with the

Republicans Republican can refer to: Political ideology * An advocate of a republic, a type of government that is not a monarchy or dictatorship, and is usually associated with the rule of law. ** Republicanism, the ideology in support of republics or agains ...

, although his actual contributions were limited to propaganda articles and broadcasts. After the end of the war in 1939, Marías was imprisoned for several months on false charges, and was unable to carry out university teaching activities after his release. His doctoral thesis was rejected due to the committee's animosity towards someone who was a disciple of Ortega. In 1940, his ''History of Philosophy'' was published — his first work published after the civil war — and although it ended up being a great publishing success, it led him to go through a period of financial difficulties due to his being banned from teaching by the

Franco Franco may refer to: Name * Franco (name) * Francisco Franco (1892–1975), Spanish general and dictator of Spain from 1939 to 1975 * Franco Luambo (1938–1989), Congolese musician, the "Grand Maître" * Franco of Cologne (mid to late 13th cent ...

regime, and so Marías instead supported himself with private classes and translations. In 1948 he co-founded, along with his former teacher José Ortega y Gasset, the Instituto de Humanidades (which he went on to head after the death of Ortega in 1955). Between the late 1940s and the 1970s, being unable to teach in Spain, Marías taught at numerous institutions in the

United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...

, including

Harvard University Harvard University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the History of the Puritans in North America, Puritan clergyma ...

Yale University Yale University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Stat ...

Wellesley College Wellesley College is a Private university, private Women's colleges in the United States, historically women's Liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Wellesley, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1870 by Henr ...

, the University of Oklahoma, and

UCLA The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California, United States. Its academic roots were established in 1881 as a normal school then known as the southern branch of the C ...

. Marías wrote on a wide variety of subjects during his long career. A subject of particular interest was

Miguel de Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( ; ; 29 September 1547 (assumed) – 22 April 1616 Old Style and New Style dates, NS) was a Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelist ...

' ''

Don Quixote , the full title being ''The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha'', is a Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes. Originally published in two parts in 1605 and 1615, the novel is considered a founding work of Western literature and is of ...

''. In 1964 he was elected into the

Real Academia Española The Royal Spanish Academy (, ; ) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, and is affiliated with national language academies in 22 other Hispanopho ...

, and he won a

Prince of Asturias award The Princess of Asturias Awards (, ), formerly the Prince of Asturias Awards from 1981 to 2014 (), are a series of annual prizes awarded in Spain by the Princess of Asturias Foundation (previously the Prince of Asturias Foundation) to individuals ...

in 1996. He is the father of novelist

Javier Marías Javier Marías Franco (20 September 1951 – 11 September 2022) was a Spanish author, translator, and columnist. Marías published fifteen novels, including '' A Heart So White'' (''Corazón tan blanco,'' 1992'')'', '' Tomorrow in the Battle Th ...

and art historian Fernando Marías, and married the sister of director

Jesús Franco Jesús Franco Manera (12 May 1930 – 2 April 2013), also commonly known as Jess Franco, was a Spanish filmmaker, composer, and actor, known as a highly prolific director of low-budget exploitation and B-movies. He worked in many different gen ...

Works

*''Juventud en el mundo antiguo. Crucero universitario por el Mediterráneo'', Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 1934 *''Historia de la filosofía'', with a prologue by

Xavier Zubiri Xavier Zubiri (; ; 4 December 1898 – 21 September 1983) was a Spanish philosopher. Zubiri was a member of the Madrid School, composed of philosophers José Ortega y Gasset (the founder of the group), José Gaos, and Julián Marías, among ...

, epilogue by

, Revista de Occidente, Madrid 1941 (28th ed., 1976) *''La filosofía del Padre Gratry. La restauración de la Metafísica en el problema de Dios y de la persona'', Escorial, Madrid 1941 *''Miguel de Unamuno'', Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 1943 *''El tema del hombre'', Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1943 *''San Anselmo y el insensato y otros estudios de filosofía'', Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1944 *''Introducción a la filosofía'', Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1947 *''La filosofía española actual. Unamuno, Ortega, Morente, Zubiri'', Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 1948 *''El método histórico de las generaciones'', Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1949 *''Ortega y tres antípodas. Un ejemplo de intriga intelectual'', Revista de Occidente, Buenos Aires, 1950 *''Biografía de la Filosofía'', Emecé, Buenos Aires, 1954 *''Ensayos de teoría'', Barna, Barcelona, 1954 *''Idea de la Metafísica'', Columba, Buenos Aires, 1954 *''La estructura social. Teoría y método'', Sociedad de Estudios y Publicaciones, Madrid, 1955 *''Filosofía actual y existencialismo en España'', Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1955 *''El oficio del pensamiento'', Biblioteca Nueva, Madrid, 1958 *''La Escuela de Madrid''. Estudios de filosofía española, Emecé, Buenos Aires, 1959 *''Ortega. I. Circunstancia y vocación'', Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1960 *''Los españoles'', Revista de Occidente, Madrid. 1962 *''La España posible en tiempo de Carlos III'', Sociedad de Estudios y Publicaciones, Madrid, 1963 *''El tiempo que ni vuelve ni tropieza'', Edhasa, Barcelona, 1964 *''Análisis de los Estados Unidos'', Guadarrama, Madrid, 1968 *''Antropología metafísica. La estructura empírica de la vida humana'', Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1970 *''Visto y no visto. Crónicas de cine'', Guadarrama, Madrid, 1970, 2 vols. *''Imagen de la India e Israel: una resurrección'', Revista de Occidente, Madrid, 1973 *''Problemas del cristianismo'', BAC, Madrid, 1979 *''La mujer en el siglo XX'', Alianza, Madrid, 1980 *''Ortega. II. Las trayectorias'', Alianza, Madrid, 1983 *''España inteligible. Razón histórica de las Españas'', Alianza, Madrid, 1985 *''La mujer y su sombra'', Alianza, Madrid, 1986 *''Ser español'', Planeta, Barcelona, 1987 *''Una vida presente. Memorias'', Alianza, Madrid, 1988–1989, 3 vols.: I (1914–1951), II (1951–1975), III (1975–1989). *''La felicidad humana'', Alianza, Madrid 1989 *''Generaciones y constelaciones'', Alianza, Madrid, 1989 *''Cervantes, clave española'', Alianza, Madrid, 1990 *''Acerca de Ortega'', Espasa Calpe, Madrid, 1991 *''La educación sentimental'', Alianza, Madrid, 1992 *''Razón de la filosofía'', Alianza, Madrid, 1993 *''Mapa del mundo personal'', Alianza, Madrid 1993 *''El cine de Julián Marías. Escritos sobre cine'', compilation edited by Fernando Alonso, Royal Books, Barcelona, 1994, 2 vols. *''Tratado de lo mejor'', Alianza, Madrid, 1995 *''Persona'', Alianza, Madrid, 1996 *''Sobre el cristianismo'', Planeta Testimonio, Barcelona, 1997 *''El curso del tiempo'', Tomos I y II, Alianza, 1998. 2 vols. *''Tratado sobre la convivencia'', Martínez Roca, Barcelona 2000 *''Entre dos siglos'', Alianza, Madrid, 2002 *''Obras'', Revista de Occidente / Alianza Editorial, Madrid 1958–1970, 10 vols.

Selected works in translation

*''Reason and Life: The Introduction to Philosophy'', trans. Kenneth S. Reid and Edward Sarmiento (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1956). *''History of Philosophy'', trans. Stanley Appelbaum and Clarence C. Strowbridge (New York: Dover Publications, 1966). *''Miguel de Unamuno'', trans. Frances M. López-Morillas (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1966). *''José Ortega y Gasset: Circumstance and Vocation'', trans. Frances M. López-Morillas (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970). *''Metaphysical Anthropology: The Empirical Structure of Human Life'', trans. Frances M. López-Morillas (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1971). *''Philosophy as Dramatic Theory'', trans. James Parsons (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1971). *''Generations: A Historical Method'', trans. Harold C. Raley (University: University of Alabama Press, 1971). *''America in the Fifties and Sixties: Julián Marías on the United States'', trans. Blanche De Puy and Harold C. Raley (University Park: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1971). *''A Biography of Philosophy'', trans. Harold C. Raley (University: University of Alabama Press, 1987). *''The Structure of Society'', trans. Harold C. Raley with an introduction by Robert K. Merton (University: University of Alabama Press, 1987). *''Understanding Spain'', trans. Frances M. López-Morillas (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1990). *''Gratry's Philosophy'', trans. Mary L. O'Hara (Adelaide: ATF Press, 1991). *''The Christian Perspective'', trans. Harold C. Raley (Houston: Halcyon Press, 2000). *''Persona'' (forthcoming).

References

External links

HardTalk Extra: Javier Marías
interview in which Javier Marías discusses his father.
Introducción a La Rebelión de la masas
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marias, Julian 1914 births 2005 deaths People from Valladolid 20th-century Spanish philosophers Harvard University Department of Philosophy faculty 21st-century Spanish philosophers Spanish male writers Spanish Roman Catholics Members of the Royal Spanish Academy University of California, Los Angeles faculty Wellesley College faculty Yale University faculty Complutense University of Madrid alumni Spanish expatriates in the United States