Julius Victor Carus (25 July 1823 – 10 March 1903) was a German

zoologist Zoology ( , ) is the scientific study of animals. Its studies include the structure, embryology, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. Zoology is one ...

comparative anatomist Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolution of species). The science began in the classical era, continuing in t ...

and

entomologist Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ...

Career

Carus was born in

Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...

. He served as curator of the Museum of Comparative Anatomy at

Oxford University The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the second-oldest continuously operating u ...

from 1849 to 1851, and as professor of comparative anatomy and director of the Zoological Museum at the

University of Leipzig Leipzig University (), in Leipzig in Saxony, Germany, is one of the world's oldest universities and the second-oldest university (by consecutive years of existence) in Germany. The university was founded on 2 December 1409 by Frederick I, Electo ...

in 1853. Carus was an early supporter of

Darwinism ''Darwinism'' is a term used to describe a theory of biological evolution developed by the English naturalist Charles Darwin (1809–1882) and others. The theory states that all species of organisms arise and develop through the natural sel ...

. With

Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English Natural history#Before 1900, naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all speci ...

's approval, he became his German translator. In 1872 he published his own ''History of Zoology'' in which he criticized the inaccuracies of

Pliny the Elder Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/24 79), known in English as Pliny the Elder ( ), was a Roman Empire, Roman author, Natural history, naturalist, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the Roman emperor, emperor Vesp ...

's work and said that the philosopher "misunderstood Aristotle.". In 1875, Carus issued a German edition of Darwin's collected works.Kelly, Alfred. ''The Descent of Darwin: The Popularization of Darwinism in Germany, 1860-1914''. p. 21

Bibliography

(incomplete) * 1849. ''Zur nähern Kenntnis des Generationswechsels'' (Leipzig). * 1853. ''System der tierischen Morphologie''. * 1854. ''Über die Wertbestimmung zoologische Merkmale''. * 1857. Julius Victor Carus (dir.)
''Icones Zootomicae''
Includes contributions from

George James Allman George James Allman Fellow of the Royal Society of London, FRS Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, FRSE (181224 November 1898) was an Irish ecologist, botanist and zoologist who served as Emeritus Professor of Natural History at Edinburgh ...

(1812–1898), Carl Gegenbaur (1826–1903),

Thomas Henry Huxley Thomas Henry Huxley (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) was an English biologist and anthropologist who specialized in comparative anatomy. He has become known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his advocacy of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution. The stor ...

, Albert Kölliker, Heinrich Ludwig Hermann Müller (1829–1883), Max Schultze, Carl Theodor Ernst von Siebold (1804–1885) et

Friedrich Stein Samuel Friedrich Nathaniel Ritter von Stein (November 3, 1818 – January 9, 1885) was a German entomologist. He was Professor at the Royal Saxon Academy of Forestry in Tharandt from 1850–55; and Professor, and later Rector, at the Charles Un ...

. ( Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig). * 1861. ''Bibliotheca zoologica'' (Leipzig, two volumes) * 1861. ''Über die Leptocephaliden''. (Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig). * 1863–1875 : with

Wilhelm Peters Wilhelm Karl Hartwich (or Hartwig) Peters (22 April 1815 – 20 April 1883) was a German natural history, naturalist and explorer. He was assistant to the anatomist Johannes Peter Müller and later became curator of the Natural History Museum, ...

(1815–1883) and

Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstaecker Carl Eduard Adolph Gerstaecker (30 August 1828 – 20 June 1895) was a German zoologist, entomologist and professor at the Humboldt University of Berlin, University of Berlin and afterwards the University of Greifswald. Biography Gerstaecker wa ...

(1828–1895) ''Handbuch der Zoologie'' (Leipzig). * 1872. ''Alexander von Humboldt. Eine wissenschaftliche Biographie''. (Leipzig, 3 volumes). * 1872. with

Johannes Peter Müller Johannes Peter Müller (14 July 1801 – 28 April 1858) was a German physiologist, comparative anatomist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist, known not only for his discoveries but also for his ability to synthesize knowledge. The paramesonephri ...

(1801–1858) and

Geschichte der Zoologie bis auf Joh. Müller und Ch. Darwin. (Münich). * 1884. ''Prodromus faunae mediterraneae''
volume 1volume 2

References

Translation of French Wikipedia

External links

*
PortraitBHL
Scanned texts. Four works. * 1823 births 1903 deaths German entomologists 19th-century German zoologists {{entomologist-stub