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Julius Tandler (February 16, 1869 – August 25, 1936) was an Austrian physician and
Tandler was a leading anatomist of the Vienna University; he is also considered one of the architects of Red Vienna and the Austrian welfare state. He promoted
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Julius Tandler (February 16, 1869 – August 25, 1936) was an Austrian physician and Social Democratic
Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote soci ...
politician, whose research secured him a lasting place in the history of anatomy. His main claim to fame was his ambition to introduce a comprehensive system of public health and social services in the Vienna municipality in the interwar years.
Life
Born in Jihlava, Moravia, Tandler attended theGymnasium Wasagasse
The Gymnasium Wasagasse (''Bundesgymnasium Wien IX'', in short ''BG9'') is a secondary school in Alsergrund, the 9th district of Vienna. Alumni of the school include two Nobel laureates, an Academy Award winner and many notable politicians, artis ...
in the Vienna Alsergrund district. From 1910 he served as Professor of Anatomy at the University of Vienna; during World War I from 1914 to 1917 he was Dean of the Medical Faculty. After the war, he worked at the Office for Public Health and from 1920 as Health Care Councillor of the City of Vienna, fighting against widespread tuberculosis. Tandler became an elected member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina in 1925. In the early 1930s, he also was a consultant for the League of Nations.
Increasingly the target of antisemitic
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism.
Antis ...
invectives, Tandler after the Austrian Civil War
The Austrian Civil War (german: Österreichischer Bürgerkrieg), also known as the February Uprising (german: Februarkämpfe), was a few days of skirmishes between Austrian government and socialist forces between 12 and 16 February 1934, in Aust ...
(''Februarkämpfe'') of 1934 and the rise of Austrofascism was forced to quit his job. He emigrated to China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
and in 1936 followed a call to Moscow to be an advisor in the Soviet hospital reform, but died there the same year. His ashes were returned to Vienna and buried at Feuerhalle Simmering in 1950.
Reception
Tandler was a leading anatomist of the Vienna University; he is also considered one of the architects of Red Vienna and the Austrian welfare state. He promoted family planning
Family planning is the consideration of the number of children a person wishes to have, including the choice to have no children, and the age at which they wish to have them. Things that may play a role on family planning decisions include marita ...
and marital therapy, while on the other hand, he vehemently advocated eugenics policies and proposed the sterilisation or extermination of "unworthy life" (''unwertes Leben'').
The square in front of Vienna Franz Josef Station in Vienna-Alsergrund is named "Julius-Tandler-Platz", and a student residence in the Döbling district is named "Julius-Tandler-Heim".
Selected works
* '' Anatomie des Herzens'', 1913 - Anatomy of the heart. * ''Die biologischen Grundlagen der sekundären Geschlechtscharaktere'', 1913 - The biological basis of secondary sexual characteristics. * ''Topographie dringlicher Operationen'', 1916. * ''Lehrbuch der systematischen Anatomie'', four volumes 1918-24 - Textbook of systematic anatomy. * ''Das Wohlfahrtsamt der Stadt Wien'', 1931 - Welfare of the city of Vienna.@
aeiou Encyclopedia
Austria-Forum is a freely accessible online collection of reference works in both German language, German and English language, English about Austria-related topics.
Background
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Sources
* Felix Czeike: ''Historisches Lexikon Wien'', vol.5 (Kremayr & Scheriau: Vienna, 1997), . * ''"Julius Tandler"'', in: Gerhard Heindl (ed.), ''Wissenschaft und Forschung in Österreich: Exemplarische Leistungen österreichischer Naturforscher, Techniker und Mediziner'' (Frankfurt am Main, 2000) 89-104. * ''"Zur Umsetzung und Verbreitung von eugenischem/rassenhygienischem Gedankengut in Österreich bis 1934 unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Wiens"'', in: Sonia Horn (ed.), ''Medizin im Nationalsozialismus—Wege der Aufarbeitung'' (Vienna, 2001) 99-127. {{DEFAULTSORT:Tandler, Julius 1869 births 1936 deaths 19th-century Austrian people 20th-century Austrian people 19th-century Czech people Austrian politicians Austrian public health doctors People from Jihlava Burials at Feuerhalle Simmering