Julius Döring
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Julius Döring (31 August 1818 – 26 September 1898) was a
Baltic German Baltic Germans ( or , later ) are Germans, ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950), their resettlement in 1945 after the end ...
painter, drawing teacher, historian, archaeologist, librarian and museum worker.


Biography

Friedrich Julius Döring was born on 31 August 1818 in
Dresden Dresden (; ; Upper Saxon German, Upper Saxon: ''Dräsdn''; , ) is the capital city of the States of Germany, German state of Saxony and its second most populous city after Leipzig. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, 12th most p ...
,
Kingdom of Saxony The Kingdom of Saxony () was a German monarchy in Central Europe between 1806 and 1918, the successor of the Electorate of Saxony. It joined the Confederation of the Rhine after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, later joining the German ...
. He attended the
Dresden Academy of Fine Arts The Dresden Academy of Fine Arts (German language, German ''Hochschule für Bildende Künste Dresden''), often abbreviated HfBK Dresden or simply HfBK, is a vocational university of visual arts located in Dresden, Germany. The present institutio ...
. From 1838 he was trained there by Eduard Bendemann as portrait and history painter. In 1844, he traveled through southern Germany and northern Italy, drawing costumes for the poet E. Duller's "History of the German People" ("Geschichte des deutschen Volks"). After the painting of his first altar painting in 1845 in
Poznań Poznań ( ) is a city on the Warta, River Warta in west Poland, within the Greater Poland region. The city is an important cultural and business center and one of Poland's most populous regions with many regional customs such as Saint John's ...
, he was invited to
Mitau Jelgava () is a state city in central Latvia. It is located about southwest of Riga. It is the largest town in the Semigallia region of Latvia. Jelgava was the capital of the united Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1578–1795) and was the ad ...
to work as a drawing teacher at
Jelgava Gymnasium Jelgava Gymnasium or Academia Petrina is the oldest higher educational establishment in Latvia. Based on an idea by , it was established in Jelgava, Mitau, capital of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia, by Duke Peter von Biron in 1775. The duke ...
, in addition to which he also taught private lessons, was actively engaged in making portraits and painting church altarpieces.Dērings Fridrihs Juliuss
/ref> Döring was a long-time member of the Kurzeme Society of Literature and Art. Since 1860 he worked as a librarian at the Kurland Provincial Museum and Athenaeum. From 1887, he was a corresponding member of the
Learned Estonian Society The Learned Estonian Society (, shortened ÕES; , shortened GEG) is Estonia's oldest scholarly organisation, and was formed at the University of Tartu in 1838. Its charter was to study Estonia's history and pre-history, its language, literature ...
in
Dorpat Tartu is the second largest city in Estonia after Tallinn. Tartu has a population of 97,759 (as of 2024). It is southeast of Tallinn and 245 kilometres (152 miles) northeast of Riga, Latvia. Tartu lies on the Emajõgi river, which connects the ...
. In 1852 he toured Germany, Italy and France. He was interested in the latest literature and spoke French and Italian. He went on a trip to
Greece Greece, officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to th ...
and
Palestine Palestine, officially the State of Palestine, is a country in West Asia. Recognized by International recognition of Palestine, 147 of the UN's 193 member states, it encompasses the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and th ...
in 1885 and 1889.


Paintings

In his lifetime, Döring created 1,106 portraits, 23 altar paintings and three historical genre paintings. Of his portraits, only a few have survived. Portrait orders came most often from landlords and civic circles. Most of his altar paintings have survived. They are conventional and traditional, directly or indirectly following earlier works. Several almost identical repetitions of compositions (churches in Iecava, Jelgava, Salas, Sauka, Bauska) show a typical production.


Archaeology

In 1863 Döring studied ''
stone ship The stone ship or ship setting was an early burial custom in Scandinavia, Northern Germany, and the Baltic states. The grave or cremation burial was surrounded by slabs or stones in the shape of a boat or ship. The ships vary in size and were ...
s'' in Bīlava and Birznieks in
Talsi Municipality Talsi Municipality (; Livonian language, Livonian: ) is a municipality in Courland, Latvia. The municipality was formed in 2009 by Merger (politics), merging Abava parish, Balgale parish, Ģibuļi parish, Īve parish, Ķūļciems parish, Laidze pa ...
archaeologically. On 14 April 1866, Döring along with
August Bielenstein August Johann Gottfried Bielenstein (; – ) was a Baltic German linguistics, linguist, folklorist, ethnographer, and theologian. Bielenstein was born in Jelgava, Mitau (Jelgava), where he also died. His father was a Lutheran curate and teac ...
, , , and others led excavations in
Tērvete Tērvete (liv. ''Terwenden'', ) is a village in Tērvete Parish, Dobele Municipality in the Semigallia region of Latvia. It is famous for the historic hillfort built for the kings of Western Semigallia (Zemgale) in the Middle Ages. History Acc ...
(Hofzumberge) and (Heiligenberg). The activities of Döring as researcher in
Lithuania Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, P ...
(mainly in the northern part and several objects in central Samogitia) covered a period of twelve years (1876–1887) and were related to Semigallian (, ) and Curonian hill forts (, Apuolė), two burial monuments near Griežė (with C. Boy), the 15-17th-century fortification at the , and other small scale archaeological research or exploration. He described an imported winged brooch found at , listed the findings at Griežė tumuli, commented on the article by Tadeusz Dowgird regarding findings at . Döring made drawings and plans of some of the locations he visited (Apuolė, Griežė, Moliūnai, Papušiai, Puodkaliai).Julius Friedrich Döring (1818–1898)
/ref>


Main published works

*Döring J., 1877. Burberg – Ratten? – Auf dem Grenze der Güter Zerrauxt und Bruniwiszki. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst aus dem Jahre 1876. Mitau, pp. 37–40. *Döring J., 1877 a. Der Pełajte-Kałnas und der Pyle-Kalnis von Malung in Littauen. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst in Mitau aus dem Jahre 1876. Mitau, pp. 34–37. *Döring J., 1877 b. Zwei Burgberge in Zerrauxt und Eichenpomusch. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst in Mitau aus dem Jahre 1876. Mitau, p. 29. *Döring J., 1879. Die Semgaller Burgen Ratten und Racketen. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst aus dem Jahre 1878. Mitau, pp. 29–51. *Döring J., 1881. Über die Herkunft der kurländischen Letten. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst nebst Veröffentlichungen des kurländischen Provinzial-Museums, aus dem Jahre 1880. Mitau, pp. 47–118. *Döring J., 1882. Wo die Stelle der 1290 zerstörten Semgallerburg Sydobre wohl zu suchen sein dürfte. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst und Veröffentlichungen des kurländischen Provinzial-Museums, aus dem Jahre 1881. Mitau, pp. 65–70. *Döring J., 1883. Eine altrömische Fibula im Mitauschen Museum, gefunden auf Odachow im Kreise Rossiany. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Litera-tur und Kunst nebst Veröffentlichungen des kurländischen Provinzial-Museums, aus dem Jahre 1882. Mitau, p. 35. *Döring J., 1883 a. Über Komodderschen Burgberg und über den Pilskaln an der Tatola. Nebst kurzen Notiz über Ratten und Terweten. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländis-chen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst nebst Veröffentli-chungen des kurländischen Provinzial-Museums, aus dem Jahre 1882. Mitau, pp. 37–41. *Döring J., 1884. Das erste Vorkommen Kurlands in der Geschichte (Apulia, Hauptstadt der Kuren und die dänische Kirche bei Domesnes). In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst nebst Veröffentlichungen des kurländischen Provinzial-Museums, aus dem Jahre 1883. Mitau, pp. 63–71. *Döring J., 1884 a. Die Bauerburg am Spahrne-See bei Ihlen, die mitmassliche Burg Racken der heidnischen Semgallen. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst aus den Jahren 1864 bis 1871 (Die Veröffentlichungen des kurländischen Provinzial-Museums inbegriffen). Mitau, pp. 49–53 (317–327). *Döring J., 1885. Bericht über die Forschungen zur Auffindung der Stadt Apulia. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst nebst Veröffentlichungen des kurländischen Provinzial-Museums, aus dem Jahre 1884. Mitau, pp. 8–24. *Döring J., 1885 a. Die römische Fibel im Mitauschen Museum. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesells chaft für Literatur und Kunst nebst Veröffentlichungen des kurländischen Provinzial-Museums, aus dem Jahre 1884. Mitau, p. 2. *Döring J., 1886. Noch ein Mal Apulia. In: Rigasche Zeitung. 1886-02-15 (27), Nr. 38, pp. 1–2. *Döring J., 1887. Ein Burgberg bei Poswol in Litauen. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst nebst Veröffentlichungen des kurländischen Provinzial-Museums, aus dem Jahre 1886. Mitau, pp. 26–27. *Döring J., 1888. Der Pilskaln bei Putkaln südlich von Schoden. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst nebst Veröffentlichungen des kurländischen Provinzial-Museums, aus dem Jahre 1887. Mitau, pp. 40–41. *Döring J., 1888 a. Untersuchung von Apulia bei Schoden. In: Sitzungsberichte der kurländischen Gesellschaft für Literatur und Kunst nebst Veröffentlichungen des kurländischen Provinzial-Museums, aus dem Jahre 1887. Mitau, pp. 32–40.


References

1818 births 1898 deaths Painters from Dresden People from the Kingdom of Saxony Baltic-German people from the Russian Empire Painters from the Russian Empire Immigrants to the Russian Empire {{Latvia-painter-stub