Julio Rey Pastor (14 August 1888 – 21 February 1962) was a Spanish mathematician and

historian of science The history of science covers the development of science from ancient history, ancient times to the present. It encompasses all three major branches of science: natural science, natural, social science, social, and formal science, formal. Pr ...

Biography

Julio Rey Pastor studied high school in his hometown, and began his studies in Sciences in Vitoria. He moved to the University of Saragossa, where he found a stimulating environment in mathematics. Zoel García de Galdeano, Professor of Analytical Geometry and Calculus, was the professor who most influenced Rey Pastor’s scientific work. He graduated with honors in 1908. Rey Pastor earned his

doctorate A doctorate (from Latin ''doctor'', meaning "teacher") or doctoral degree is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism '' licentia docendi'' ("licence to teach ...

from

Complutense University of Madrid The Complutense University of Madrid (, UCM; ) is a public research university located in Madrid. Founded in Alcalá in 1293 (before relocating to Madrid in 1836), it is one of the oldest operating universities in the world, and one of Spain's ...

in 1909, under supervision of Eduardo Torroja Caballé. Between 1911 and 1914, he studied at the

University of Berlin The Humboldt University of Berlin (, abbreviated HU Berlin) is a public research university in the central borough of Mitte in Berlin, Germany. The university was established by Frederick William III on the initiative of Wilhelm von Humbol ...

and the

University of Göttingen The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen (, commonly referred to as Georgia Augusta), is a Public university, public research university in the city of Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany. Founded in 1734 ...

, under the supervision of

Felix Klein Felix Christian Klein (; ; 25 April 1849 – 22 June 1925) was a German mathematician and Mathematics education, mathematics educator, known for his work in group theory, complex analysis, non-Euclidean geometry, and the associations betwe ...

. During that period, he also studied under the supervision of

Hermann Schwarz Karl Hermann Amandus Schwarz (; 25 January 1843 – 30 November 1921) was a German mathematician, known for his work in complex analysis. Life Schwarz was born in Hermsdorf, Silesia (now Sobieszów, Poland). In 1868 he married Marie Kummer ...

, Friedrich Hermann Schottky (father of

Walter Schottky Walter Hans Schottky ( ; ; 23 July 1886 – 4 March 1976) was a German solid-state physicist who played a major early role in developing the theory of electron and ion emission phenomena, invented the screen-grid vacuum tube in 1915 while wor ...

), and Ferdinand Georg Frobenius. His report sent to the Junta para Ampliación de Estudios (JAE) allows us to assess the significance of his studies in Germany. He especially liked Schwarz’s lectures on

analytic functions In mathematics, an analytic function is a function that is locally given by a convergent power series. There exist both real analytic functions and complex analytic functions. Functions of each type are infinitely differentiable, but complex ...

and

synthetic geometry Synthetic geometry (sometimes referred to as axiomatic geometry or even pure geometry) is geometry without the use of coordinates. It relies on the axiomatic method for proving all results from a few basic properties initially called postulates ...

, not only because of their innovations but also because Schwarz’s teaching method. In this report, Rey proposed the creation of a "seminar in mathematics to arouse the research spirit of our school children." His proposal was accepted and in 1915 the JAE created the Mathematics Laboratory and Seminar, an important institution for the development of research on this field in Spain. :''From 1915, Julio Rey Pastor became a dominant figure in mathematics in Spain, and later Argentina. In that year the ''Junta'' created for him in Madrid the first mathematics research institute in Spain which was outside a university. There he started a research seminar, and contributed to the advance and modernization of mathematics research and teaching. He was also the author of a series of advanced mathematics

textbook A textbook is a book containing a comprehensive compilation of content in a branch of study with the intention of explaining it. Textbooks are produced to meet the needs of educators, usually at educational institutions, but also of learners ( ...

s which had a very considerable influence in the Iberian world….''E.L. Ortiz (1994) "Spain, Portugal and Ibero-America, 1780 — 1930", in ''Companion Encyclopedia of the History and Philosophy of the Mathematical Sciences'', volume 2, page 1509,

Ivor Grattan-Guinness Ivor Owen Grattan-Guinness (23 June 1941 – 12 December 2014) was a historian of mathematics and logic. Life Grattan-Guinness was born in Bakewell, England; his father was a mathematics teacher and educational administrator. He gained his ...

editor,

Routledge Routledge ( ) is a British multinational corporation, multinational publisher. It was founded in 1836 by George Routledge, and specialises in providing academic books, academic journals, journals and online resources in the fields of the humanit ...

Undoubtedly, the creation of the laboratory was a result of Rey Pastor’s studies in Germany, and it was intended to overcome the isolation and individualism of the Spanish mathematicians. This laboratory, under the National Institute of Sciences, was first installed in the basement of the National Library, then moved to a modest apartment on Santa Teresa St., then to the building of the Center for Historical Studies and, finally, became part of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), renamed Instituto Jorge Juan de Matemáticas in 1939. Rey Pastor’s scientific work involved research, textbooks, and articles for the general public. They reflected the changes that were taking place in mathematics. He was also interested in the history of science and, specifically, mathematics in Spain. :''From 1921 Rey Pastor settled permanently in

Argentina Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America. It covers an area of , making it the List of South American countries by area, second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourt ...

...His influence in Argentina was as important as it had been in Spain...In the mid-1930s he directed a substantial group of research students in Buenos Aires. His continued interest in the mathematics life of Spain created two parallel schools, on both sides of the Atlantic, working on similar research projects.'' Rey Pastor was instrumental in the founding of the Argentine Mathematical Union in 1936, and directed its journal from 1936 to 1940. In 1951, he was appointed director of the Instituto Jorge Juan de Matemáticas in the CSIC. His plans in Spain included two projects: the creation, within the CSIC, of an Institute of Applied Mathematics, and the foundation of a Seminar on the History of Science at the university. In 1954, he entered the Royal Spanish Academy, proposed by

Gregorio Marañón Gregorio Marañón y Posadillo, OWL (; 19 May 1887 – 27 March 1960) was a Spanish physician, scientist, historian, writer and philosopher. He married Dolores Moya in 1911, and they had four children (Carmen, Belén, María Isabel and Gregor ...

, and Francisco Javier Sánchez Cantón, and delivered an acceptance speech on the algebra of language. (He had become a member of the Academy of Sciences in Madrid in 1920, and of the Academy of Sciences in Buenos Aires in 1932). Rey Pastor showed his passion for mathematics as a researcher, as promoter of new studies, and as creator of agencies and institutions that enhanced the development of mathematics in Spain. In 1956, he went back to Argentina and only returned to Spain on the occasion of the entry of his disciple, Sixto Ríos into the Academy of Sciences, on June 21, 1961. In his speech, Rey Pastor recalled the process of creation of the laboratory and the support from the JAE. Rey Pastor occupied a seat in the

Real Academia Española The Royal Spanish Academy (, ; ) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, and is affiliated with national language academies in 22 other Hispanopho ...

between 1953 and 1962.

Memorials

He was honoured with a Spanish stamp in 2000. A

lunar crater Lunar craters are impact craters on Earth's Moon. The Moon's surface has many craters, all of which were formed by impacts. The International Astronomical Union currently recognizes 9,137 craters, of which 1,675 have been dated. History The wo ...

Faraday G was called ''Reypastor'' by Hugh Percy Wilkins and Antonio Paluzie-Borrell, mappers of Earth's Moon, but the designation was not adopted by the

International Astronomical Union The International Astronomical Union (IAU; , UAI) is an international non-governmental organization (INGO) with the objective of advancing astronomy in all aspects, including promoting astronomical research, outreach, education, and developmen ...

.Lunar Crater Faraday
″Faraday G was called Reypastor by Hugh Percy Wilkins and Antonio Paluzie-Borrell, but the IAU did not accept that name.″, fro
wikispaces.com/Introduction The Moon Wiki
/ref> The Calle Matematicos Rey Pastor y Castro, in Seville is named in his honour.

Works

* 1910: (thesis) ''Correspondencia de figuras elemental, con aplicación al estudio de las figuras que engendran'' * 1916: ''Fondamentos de la geometría proyectiva superior'', JAE * 1916: ''Introducción a la matemática superior'', Madrid : Corona * 1917: ''Teoría de la representación conforme'', Barcelona: Institut d’Estudis Catalans * 1929: ''Teoría geométrica de la polaridad en las figuras de las primera y segunda categorías'', Madrid : Real Academia de Ciencias * 1931: "Un método de sumación de series", Rendiconti del Circolo Matematico di Palermo 55: 450–5. * 1942,5: '' La Ciencia y la Técnica en el Descubrimiento de América''
pdf
, Buenos Aires: Espasa-Calpe Argentina, link from Biblioteca Virtual Universal * 1957: ''Apuntes de la teoría de los conjuntos abstractos'', Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (Review :

Alonzo Church Alonzo Church (June 14, 1903 – August 11, 1995) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, logician, and philosopher who made major contributions to mathematical logic and the foundations of theoretical computer science. He is bes ...

(1963)

Journal of Symbolic Logic The '' Journal of Symbolic Logic'' is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published quarterly by Association for Symbolic Logic. It was established in 1936 and covers mathematical logic. The journal is indexed by '' Mathematical Reviews'', Zent ...

28(3) :250,1) * 1958: (with A. de Castro Brzezicki) ''Funciones de Bessel'' (

Bessel functions Bessel functions, named after Friedrich Bessel who was the first to systematically study them in 1824, are canonical solutions of Bessel's differential equation x^2 \frac + x \frac + \left(x^2 - \alpha^2 \right)y = 0 for an arbitrary complex ...

), Madrid: Editorial Dossat,

References

* Jose Babini (1963) "Eloge: Julio Rey Pastor 1888–1962",

Isis Isis was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kingdom () as one of the main characters of the Osiris myth, in which she resurrects her sla ...

54(2). * Luis Español Gonzales (2000) "Julio Rey Pastor y la matematica de los imaginarios", ''Investigacion humanistica y cientifica en La Rioja'' * E.L. Ortiz, editor (1988) ''The Works of Julio Rey Pastor'', 8 volumes, London: The Humboldt Library

External links

* * L. Español
Julio Rey Pastor
from Real Sociedad Matematica Española. * {{DEFAULTSORT:Rey Pastor, Julio 1888 births 1962 deaths 20th-century Spanish mathematicians Historians of mathematics 20th-century Argentine mathematicians Spanish emigrants to Argentina Complutense University of Madrid alumni Academic staff of the Complutense University of Madrid

Biography

Memorials

Works

See also

References

Further reading

External links