Jugaad (2009 Film)

Jugaad ( Hindustani: (Hindi) / (Urdu)) is a concept of non-conventional, frugal innovation in the Indian subcontinent. It also includes innovative fixes or simple workarounds, solutions that bend the rules, or resources that can be used in such a way. It is considered creative to make existing things work and create new things with meager resources.

Jugaad is increasingly accepted as a management technique and is recognized all over the world as a form of frugal innovation. Companies in Southeast Asia are adopting jugaad as a practice to reduce research and development costs. Jugaad also applies to any kind of creative and out-of-the-box thinking or life hacks that maximize resources for a company and its stakeholders. Jugaad is however, also argued to be not limited to management circles but rather about infrastructural arrangements depoyed by product designers and users that allow for versitality and improvisaiton of use and repair.

According to author and professor Jaideep Prabhu, jugaad is an "important way out of the current economic crisis in developed economies and also holds important lessons for emerging economies".

Improvised vehicles

can also refer to a homemade or locally made vehicle in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. They are made by local mechanics using wooden planks, metal sheets and parts taken from different machines and vehicles.

One type of is a quadricycle, a vehicle made of wooden planks and old SUV parts, variously known as ''kuddukka'' and in Northern India. However, is also used as a term for any low-cost vehicle which typically costs around Rs 50,000 (US$). may be powered by a diesel engine originally intended to power agricultural irrigation pumps. They are known for poor brakes, and cannot go faster than about 60 km/h (37 mph). The vehicle often carries more than 20 people at a time in remote locations and poor road conditions.

Though no statistical data is available, it is reported that there are a number of instances of failing brakes, requiring a passenger to jump off and manually apply a wooden block as a brake. As part of research for his 2013 book, Innovation and a Global Knowledge Economy in India, Thomas Birtchnell, a lecturer of Sustainable Communities at University of Wollongong, Australia, found that of 2,139 cases of road traffic casualties in 72 hours at J N Medical College hospital in Aligarh, 13.88% of pedestrian casualties were due to . It was stated by Minister of Road Transport and Highways Pon Radhakrishnan that ''jugaad'' do not conform to the specifications of a motor vehicle under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. These vehicles hence do not have any vehicle registration plate and they are not registered with the Regional Transport Office (RTO). Hence, no road tax is paid on them, neither there exists any official count of such vehicles.

''Jugaad'' vehicles are not officially recognized as road-worthy, and despite a few proposals to regulate them, vote-bank politics have trumped safety concerns. The improvised vehicles have now become rather popular as a means to transport all manner of burdens, from lumber to steel rods to school children. For safety reasons the Government of India has officially banned vehicles.

Another type of called bike- or motorcycle-, a motorcycle, moped or scooter modified into motorized trikes are used in the northern states of India, especially Punjab.

Another type of called rickshaw or rickshaw, WWII-era Harley Davidson motorcycles modified into motorized trikes which were earlier used in New Delhi.

A variant of the vehicle in the Tamil Nadu state of Southern India is the . This roughly translates to 'fish bed vehicle' because they originated among local fishermen who needed a quick and cheap transport system to transport fish. It is a motorized tri-wheeler (derived from the non-motorized variant) with a heavy-duty suspension and a motorcycle engine—typically recycled from Czech Yezdi or Enfield Bullet vehicles. Its origins are typical of other innovations—dead fish are typically considered unhygienic, and vehicles that carry them cannot be typically used to carry anything else. Similar vehicles can be found throughout much of Southeast Asia.

Another variant of the called rickshaw, a motorcycle modified into a tri-wheeler with truck wheels in the rear, is used in the Gujarat state of India.

A variant of in Pakistan is a motorcycle made into a motorized trike called meaning "moon vehicle" or after the Chinese company Jinan Qingqi who first introduced these to the market.

Today, a is one of the most cost-effective transportation solutions for rural Indians, Pakistanis, and Bangladeshis.

File:Jugaad.jpg, vehicle powered by an agricultural water pump engine
Jugaad_engine.JPG , engine being hand-started
File:Politicaljugaad.jpg, vehicle carrying passengers to a political rally in Agra, India
File:Motorcycle cart .jpg, Bike-trolley, a trailer for motorcycles
File:ChhakdoRickshaw.jpg, rickshaw in Gujarat, India
File:Market porter pedals jugaad goods carrier tricycle in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India.jpg, A non-motorized -style improvised vehicle, in Tamil Nadu, India
File:Meen Body Vandi fish bed vehicle Jugaad tricycle trike conversion three wheeler Rajdoot TVS Tamilnadu India - மீன் பூடி வண்டி Etan Doronne www.myindiaexperience.com Wikipedia.jpg, Motorised
File:Chingchee in Pakistan.JPG, rickshaw in Pakistan
File:Pheter Rehra 2.jpg, Diesel engine converted into a vehicle in Punjab, India
File:Pheter Rehra.jpg, , a local vehicle made with a diesel engine in Punjab, India

See also

*Transport in India
*Transport in Pakistan
*Transport in Bangladesh
*Kludge
* Bodge

References

Further reading

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* Also published as: {{cite journal , title=Frugal Innovation: A Global Networks' Perspective , journal= Die Unternehmung , date=2012 , volume=66 , issue=3 , pages=245–274, doi=10.5771/0042-059X-2012-3-245 , last1=Tiwari , first1=Rajnish , last2=Herstatt , first2=Cornelius

Indian slang
Engineering concepts
Innovation