''Juga'' is a genus of

freshwater snail Freshwater snails are gastropod mollusks which live in fresh water. There are many different families. They are found throughout the world in various habitats, ranging from ephemeral pools to the largest lakes, and from small seeps and springs ...

s with a gill and an operculum, aquatic

gastropod The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda (). This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...

mollusks in the family

Semisulcospiridae Semisulcospiridae, common name semisulcospirids, is a family of freshwater snails, aquatic gilled gastropod mollusks with an operculum, in the superfamily Cerithioidea. MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Semisulcospiridae J. P. E. Morris ...

. These snails are native to the rivers of the northwestern United States and adjacent British Columbia. Several species are endemic to isolated large

springs Spring(s) may refer to: Common uses * Spring (season), a season of the year * Spring (device), a mechanical device that stores energy * Spring (hydrology), a natural source of water * Spring (mathematics), a geometric surface in the shape of a he ...

in the American Great Basin.Strong, E. E., & Whelan, N. V. (2019). Assessing the diversity of western North American Juga (Semisulcospiridae, Gastropoda). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 136, 87-103. The most abundant and widespread species, ''Juga plicifera'', attains a height of up to 35 mm. It is sculpted with fine spiral ridges and variably developed ribs that frequently disappear in parts of the shell made as the animal matures.

Species

The following species and subspecies are recognized: Subgenus ''Juga'' s.s. * ''

Juga hemphilli ''Juga'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Semisulcospiridae. These snails are native to the rivers of the northwestern United States and adjacent British Columbia. Several ...

'' (J. Henderson, 1935) ** ''Juga hemphilli dallesensis'' (J. Henderson, 1935) ** ''Juga hemphilli maupinensis'' (J. Henderson, 1935) * ''

Juga plicifera ''Juga plicifera'', common name pleated juga,"''Juga plicifera'' (I. Lea, 1838)". NatureServe Explorer, accessed 26 February 2013. and Graceful keeled horn snail(2013). "''Juga plicifera''". In: ''Oregon Estuarine Invertebrates'' (ed. 2) (2013) ...

'' (I. Lea, 1838) * ''

Juga silicula ''Juga silicula'', common name glassy juga, is a small, freshwater snail found lotic water in Washington, Oregon, and northern California. It is dark reddish-brown in color with an ovate operculum and about 3.5 whorls. Strong, E. E. (2005). A mo ...

'' (Gould, 1847) Subgenus '' Calibasis'' * ''

Juga acutifilosa ''Juga'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Semisulcospiridae. These snails are native to the rivers of the northwestern United States and adjacent British Columbia. Several ...

'' (Stearns, 1890) ** ''Juga acutifilosa pittensis'' ** ''Juga acutifilosa siskiyouensis'' * ''

Juga occata ''Juga'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Semisulcospiridae. These snails are native to the rivers of the northwestern United States and adjacent British Columbia. Several ...

'' (Hinds, 1844) Subgenus '' Oreobasis'' * ''

Juga bulbosa ''Juga'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Semisulcospiridae. These snails are native to the rivers of the northwestern United States and adjacent British Columbia. Several ...

'' (Gould, 1847) * ''

Juga interioris ''Juga'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Semisulcospiridae. These snails are native to the rivers of the northwestern United States and adjacent British Columbia. Several ...

'' (Goodrich, 1944) * ''

Juga laurae ''Juga'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Semisulcospiridae. These snails are native to the rivers of the northwestern United States and adjacent British Columbia. Several ...

'' (Goodrich, 1944) * ''

Juga nigrina ''Juga'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Semisulcospiridae. These snails are native to the rivers of the northwestern United States and adjacent British Columbia. Several ...

'' (I. Lea, 1856) subgenus ? * ''

Juga chacei ''Juga'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Semisulcospiridae. These snails are native to the rivers of the northwestern United States and adjacent British Columbia. Several ...

'' (Henderson, 1935)NatureServe
Explorer, accessed 19 November 2015. * ''

Juga newberryi ''Juga'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Semisulcospiridae. These snails are native to the rivers of the northwestern United States and adjacent British Columbia. Several ...

'' (I. Lea, 1860) * ''

Juga orickensis ''Juga'' is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Semisulcospiridae. These snails are native to the rivers of the northwestern United States and adjacent British Columbia. Several ...

'' (Henderson, 1935)

Ecology

Parasites of ''Juga'' spp. include the bacterium ''

Neorickettsia risticii ''Neorickettsia risticii'', formerly ''Ehrlichia risticii,'' is an obligate intracellular gram negative bacteria that typically lives as an endosymbiont to parasitic flatworms, specifically flukes. ''N. risticii'' is the known causative agent of ...

'', which causes Potomac horse fever along with the associated trematode vector.. ''Juga'' species are also infected with the bacterium ''

Neorickettsia helminthoeca ''Neorickettsia helminthoeca'' is a bacterium in the ''Neorickettsia'' genus that causes Salmon poisoning disease. Salmon poisoning disease Salmon poisoning disease (SPD) is a fatal disease of dogs and other canids caused by a rickettsial bacter ...

'' and its associated fluke, ''

Nanophyetus salmincola ''Nanophyetus salmincola'' is a food-borne intestinal trematode parasite prevalent on the Pacific Northwest coast. The species may be the most common trematode endemic to the United States. The life cycle of the ''N. salmincola'' requires thr ...

''Greiman, S. E., Kent, M. L., Betts, J., Cochell, D., Sigler, T., & Tkach, V. V. (2016). Nanophyetus salmincola, vector of the salmon poisoning disease agent Neorickettsia helminthoeca, harbors a second pathogenic Neorickettsia species. Veterinary parasitology, 229, 107-109.

References

* Clarke, Arthur H. 1981. The freshwater mollusks of Canada. National Museums of Canada. 446 pp. * List including species in Oregon: https://web.archive.org/web/20081008065745/http://oregonstate.edu/ornhic/data/2004/inverts.html

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q3169473 Semisulcospiridae