Judah Ibn Shabbethai
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Judah ibn Shabbethai () was a
Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
poet in
al-Andalus Al-Andalus () was the Muslim-ruled area of the Iberian Peninsula. The name refers to the different Muslim states that controlled these territories at various times between 711 and 1492. At its greatest geographical extent, it occupied most o ...
at the end of the
12th century The 12th century is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and overlaps with what is often called the Golden Age' of the ...
. He has been identified with the physician Judah b. Isaac of Barcelona, who is praised as a poet by Yehuda Alharizi (ch. 46), but he may also have lived at
Burgos Burgos () is a city in Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is the capital and most populous municipality of the province of Burgos. Burgos is situated in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, on the confluence of th ...
. Judah was a master of the "mosaic" style, and skillfully applied
Biblical The Bible is a collection of religious texts that are central to Christianity and Judaism, and esteemed in other Abrahamic religions such as Islam. The Bible is an anthology (a compilation of texts of a variety of forms) biblical languages ...
and
Talmudic The Talmud (; ) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (''halakha'') and Jewish theology. Until the advent of modernity, in nearly all Jewish communities, the Talmud was the centerpiece of Jewi ...
phrases; his humor was spontaneous. He was the author of ''Milḥemet ha-Ḥokmah weha-'Osher'' and ''Minḥat Yehudah Sone ha-Nashim.'' The former work, also called the ''Melek Rab'', is in the style of the
maqama The ''maqāma'' (Arabic: مقامة aˈqaːma literally "assembly"; plural ''maqāmāt'', مقامات aqaːˈmaːt is an (originally) Arabic prosimetric literary genre of picaresque short stories originating in the tenth century C.E.Qian, ...
, in rimed prose interspersed with short poems. It was written in 1214, and is addressed to the ''nasi''
Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main () is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Hesse. Its 773,068 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the List of cities in Germany by population, fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located in the forela ...
, who is called upon, at the end of the work, to act as judge in a poetical dispute. It appeared at
Constantinople Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empire ...
in or around 1543, and was probably printed for the last time as an appendix to
Abraham ben Ḥasdai Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. In Judaism, he is the founding father who began the covenantal relationship between the Jewish people and God ...
's ''Ben ha-Melek weha-Nazir'' (Warsaw, 1894). ''Minḥat Yehudah Sone ha-Nashim'' (called also ''Sefer Zeraḥ'' or ''Taḥkemoni'') likewise is written in the style of the maqama. It is a humorous satire on women, and is a much better piece of work than the ''Milḥemet.'' It was written in 1218. It was dedicated to Abraham ibn Yoṣer of the Banu Alfakhar. Like the ''Milḥemet,'' it appears to have been first printed at Constantinople, in 1543, the last reprint being in Eliezer ben Solomon Ashkenazi's ''Ṭa'am Zeḳenim'' (
Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main () is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Hesse. Its 773,068 inhabitants as of 2022 make it the List of cities in Germany by population, fifth-most populous city in Germany. Located in the forela ...
, 1854).


Jewish Encyclopedia bibliography

*
Steinschneider Moritz Steinschneider (; 30 March 1816 – 24 January 1907) was a Moravian bibliographer and Orientalist, and an important figure in Jewish studies and Jewish history. He is credited as having invented the term ''antisemitism.'' Education Mo ...
, Cat. Bodl. col. 1369 et seq.


External links


Jewish Encyclopedia article for Judah ibn Shabbethai
written by
Richard Gottheil Richard James Horatio Gottheil (13 October 1862 – 22 May 1936) was an English American Semitic scholar, Zionist, founding father of Zeta Beta Tau fraternity, and one of the founders of the Jewish Institute of Religion in New York. Biograp ...
and H. Brody


References

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Judah Ibn Shabbethai Medieval Jewish poets Spanish poets Year of death unknown Year of birth unknown 12th-century Sephardi Jews Spanish male poets