Juana Calderón y Tapia (1822–1897) was the wife of the Mexican lawyer, professor, journalist and politician

José María Iglesias José María Juan Nepomuceno Crisóforo Iglesias Inzáurraga (5 January 1823 – 17 December 1891) was a Mexican lawyer, professor, journalist and liberal politician. He is known as author of the Iglesias law, an anticlerical law regulating e ...

, who was

president of Mexico The president of Mexico (), officially the president of the United Mexican States (), is the head of state and head of government of Mexico. Under the Constitution of Mexico, the president heads the executive branch of the federal government and ...

between 1876 and 1877.

Life

Juana Calderón Tapia was born in

Puebla Puebla, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla, is one of the 31 states that, along with Mexico City, comprise the Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided into 217 municipalities and its capital is Puebla City. Part of east-centr ...

in 1822. She was the daughter of José María Tomás Ignacio Calderón Garcés (1780–1834), a military man who was

Governor of Puebla The governor of Puebla is the chief executive of the Mexican state of Puebla. References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Governor Of Puebla Governors of Puebla, * Lists of governors of States of Mexico, Puebla ...

on various occasions, and his wife María Josefa de la Luz Tapia Balbuena, originally from

Maravatío Maravatío is a municipality in the Mexican state of Michoacán, representing 1.17% of its land area, or 691.55 km2. Etymology The modern word Maravatío comes from the Purépecha word Marhabatio, meaning a precious place or thing. Hi ...

and who was a sister of the godmother of

Melchor Ocampo Melchor Ocampo (4 January 1814 – 3 June 1861) was a Mexican lawyer, scientist, and politician. A zambo and a radical liberal, he was fiercely anticlerical, perhaps an atheist, and his early writings against the Catholic Church in Mexico gaine ...

. She received a good education, which was unusual at the time. She was orphaned at a young age; subsequently, she lived with her maternal grandfather José Simón Tapia, captain of the Provisional Militia and of the

Pátzcuaro Pátzcuaro () is a city and municipality located in the state of Michoacán, Mexico. The town was founded sometime in the 1320s, at first becoming the capital of the Purépecha Empire and later its ceremonial center. After the Spanish took over, V ...

regiment, in whose house she was taught how to write. The future

, General

Pedro María de Anaya Pedro Bernardino María de Anaya y Álvarez (20 May 1794 – 21 March 1854) was a Mexican soldier who served twice as interim president of Mexico during the Mexican-American War. Inbetween presidencies, he directly participated in the fighting ...

, taught her French, which she subsequently learned to read, write, and translate. A very cultured woman, Calderón loved reading; she read books from

Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...

, France, and Spain, especially poetry. Calderón married

in May 1849 in

Querétaro Querétaro, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Querétaro, is one of the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It is divided into Municipalities of Querétaro, 18 municipalities. Its capital city is Querétaro Cit ...

; the officiating priest at the wedding would soon become Bishop of

Tulancingo Tulancingo (officially Tulancingo de Bravo; Otomi language, Otomi: Ngu̱hmu) is the second-largest city in the Mexico, Mexican States of Mexico, state of Hidalgo (state), Hidalgo. It is located in the southeastern part of the state and also forms ...

. Juana focused entirely to his home and to take care to her four children, they had two more but they did not survive to adulthood: *José María Iglesias Calderón (Mexico City; March 15, 1850) *Carlos Iglesias Calderón (Mexico City; December 10, 1851) *Julia Iglesias Calderón (Mexico City; April 27, 1853), she never married. * Fernando Iglesias Calderón (Mexico City; May 30, 1856 - May 26, 1942), liberal as his father was, when Madero's Revolution won and then the Constitutionalist, he served as senator for the

Distrito Federal A federal district is a specific administrative division in one of various federations. These districts may be under the direct jurisdiction of a federation's national government, as in the case of federal territory (e.g., India, Malaysia), or th ...

in 1912 to 1913 and 1920 to 1924, and president of the Liberal Party in 1912. Three times he was offered the post of Secretary of Foreign Affairs (Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores), a position he declined in the administrations of

Francisco I. Madero Francisco Ignacio Madero González (; 30 October 1873 – 22 February 1913) was a Mexican businessman, revolutionary, writer and statesman, who served as the 37th president of Mexico from 1911 until he was deposed in a coup d'état in Februa ...

Venustiano Carranza José Venustiano Carranza de la Garza (; 29 December 1859 – 21 May 1920), known as Venustiano Carranza, was a Mexican land owner and politician who served as President of Mexico from 1917 until his assassination in 1920, during the Mexican Re ...

and

Adolfo de la Huerta Felipe Adolfo de la Huerta Marcor (; 26 May 1881 – 9 July 1955) was a Mexican politician, the 45th President of Mexico from 1 June to 30 November 1920, following the overthrow of Mexican president Venustiano Carranza, with Sonoran generals ...

, who later put him as ambassador in Washington, D.C., where he served until 1923. Fernando Iglesias Calderon also noted as a historian and journalist. He is the author of several books, among them: ''La traición de Maximiliano'' y ''la Capilla Expiatoria''; ''El egoísmo norteamericano durante la Intervención Francesa'', y ''Las supuestas traiciones de Juárez''. His son Fernando Iglesias wrote "Doña Juana said that women form the character of men and not to undermine her husband always agreed with the decision to slaughter him." In her marriage, Calderón endured separations and dangers related to the political career of her husband, who barely spent months as interim

. He died in 1891, after which Calderón returned to private life, never going out or receiving visitors and living a modest life. The "woman of agreeable appearance," as she was sometimes described, died peacefully in her home in the year 1897.

Ancestry table

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Calderon Tapia, Juana 1822 births 1897 deaths First ladies and gentlemen of Mexico People from Puebla