Juan Garza
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Juan Raul Garza (November 18, 1956 – June 19, 2001) was an American
murder Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification (jurisprudence), justification or valid excuse (legal), excuse committed with the necessary Intention (criminal law), intention as defined by the law in a specific jurisd ...
er and
drug lord A drug lord, drug baron, kingpin, or lord of drugs is a type of crime boss in charge of a drug trafficking network, organization, or enterprise. Crime barons may be difficult to bring to justice: usually, they do not possess illegal goods. Ra ...
who was executed by the United States federal government for three drug-related murders. In addition, Garza was linked to at least five other drug-related murders in
Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...
and
Mexico Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in North America. It is the northernmost country in Latin America, and borders the United States to the north, and Guatemala and Belize to the southeast; while having maritime boundar ...
. He was executed in 2001, eight days after Oklahoma City bomber
Timothy McVeigh Timothy James McVeigh (April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001) was an American domestic terrorist who masterminded and perpetrated the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995. The bombing itself killed 167 people (including 19 children), injured ...
.


Early life

Juan Raul Garza, the son of Mexican migrant farmworkers, was born in
Brownsville, Texas Brownsville ( ) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the county seat of Cameron County, Texas, Cameron County, located on the western Gulf Coast in South Texas, adjacent to the Mexico–United States border, border with Matamoros, Tamaulipas ...
, but spent his early years in
Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...
. In his teenage years, he worked in the fields with his parents and sold fruit door to door. Garza initially slept on mats, but eventually saved enough money for a bed. Although he dropped out of high school, Garza owned a successful construction business. He was well known in the community as a devoted father of four children and the son-in-law of one of the town's most respected pastors. However, in the late 1980s and early 1990s, after returning to Texas, Garza would become the head of a drug-trafficking enterprise that smuggled thousands of kilograms of marijuana from Mexico into the United States. The organization was based in three states:
Texas Texas ( , ; or ) is the most populous U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States. It borders Louisiana to the east, Arkansas to the northeast, Oklahoma to the north, New Mexico to the we ...
,
Louisiana Louisiana ( ; ; ) is a state in the Deep South and South Central regions of the United States. It borders Texas to the west, Arkansas to the north, and Mississippi to the east. Of the 50 U.S. states, it ranks 31st in area and 25 ...
, and
Michigan Michigan ( ) is a peninsular U.S. state, state in the Great Lakes region, Great Lakes region of the Upper Midwest, Upper Midwestern United States. It shares water and land boundaries with Minnesota to the northwest, Wisconsin to the west, ...
. Garza's organization started with him and members of his group running small quantities of marijuana across the Mexican border. But within a few years, Garza was making frequent trips to
Oaxaca Oaxaca, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca, is one of the 32 states that compose the political divisions of Mexico, Federative Entities of the Mexico, United Mexican States. It is divided into municipalities of Oaxaca, 570 munici ...
, where the marijuana was grown, and transporting it across the border via plane.


Murders, trial, and execution

Garza's drug trafficking ring began to encounter problems. He suffered dents in his profits after some of his shipments were seized by the police. Garza's losses made him suspicious that some of his workers and associates were working with the police. This distrust would ultimately culminate in the murders he ordered and personally committed. In April 1990, Gilberto Matos became the first confirmed victim of Garza and his gang. Matos was a bodyguard of 32-year-old Erasmo De La Fuente, a smuggler who worked with Garza. Garza suspected that De La Fuente was responsible for a massive shipment (approximately 1,350 pounds) of marijuana being seized by the police. Garza ordered his workers to murder De La Fuente. However, they ran into trouble since De La Fuente had several bodyguards, including Matos. After Garza ran out of patience, he ordered two of his men, Manuel Flores and his cousin, Israel Flores, to break into Matos's shop and wait for De La Fuente or Matos. If only Matos appeared, they were told to kill him as a warning to De La Fuente of what was to come. When Matos arrived alone, Israel and Manuel forced him to lie down on the floor and then waited to see if De La Fuente would appear. When that didn't happen, Manuel shot Matos in the back of the head. Garza paid Israel and Manuel with cash and a car for the hit. Five months later, Garza took Israel and his cousin, Jesus Flores, to De La Fuente's nightclub to kill him. Israel became nervous and drank liquor to calm his nerves, but had to be dropped off in an alley after drinking too much. Jesus got his brother, Manuel, and returned to the nightclub. When De La Fuente left and got into his car, Manuel shot him twice. Jesus fired shots into the air to distract the police. After hiding in a ditch for a few hours, Jesus was picked up by Garza. Garza paid the Flores brothers $10,000 each for the hit. In January 1991, 35-year-old Thomas Rumbo was personally executed by Garza. Rumbo, one of Garza's associates, had been tasked with inspecting trucks with marijuana. After federal officers observed him loading 360 pounds of marijuana into a trailer, they approached him and told him what they saw. Rumbo agreed to turn over the entire shipment. In an attempt to hide what he'd done, he cut a hole in the fence surrounding the trailer and claimed the drugs were stolen. Garza was not convinced. He drove over to Rumbo's house with two of his workers and made him get into his truck. While they were driving, Garza made two stops. At the first stop, Garza got a gun from one of his workers. At the second stop, Jesus, who owed Garza drug money, volunteered to go along. As they drove, Rumbo was interrogated, but stuck to his story. They eventually arrived at a rural farm road. Garza told Rumbo that he knew he was lying. He told Rumbo to walk home, but then shot him in the back of the head after the man got out. Garza and Jesus moved Rumbo's body into the brush, where Garza shot him four more times in the head and neck. Rumbo had been a truck fleet manager who was active in both the Boy Scouts and the Methodist Church. Despite Garza's efforts, the police gradually closed in on him. They tapped his phone, watched his activities, seized his assets, and arrested his workers and got them to cooperate. At one point, Garza himself was arrested after making a delivery to an undercover agent. In February 1992, the
United States Customs Service The United States Customs Service was a federal law enforcement agency of the U.S. federal government. Established on July 31, 1789, it collected import tariffs, performed other selected border security duties, as well as conducted criminal in ...
launched an assault against Garza's organization. Almost all of Garza's associates were arrested and indicted, but Garza himself managed to escape to Mexico. Garza was arrested in November 1992, after running low on money and calling an associate to arrange a drug sale. However, this associate had also become an informant, and the phone conversation the two had was taped. The authorities traced the calls and contacted the Mexican government. Garza was arrested and turned over to the United States. Garza was indicted by the federal government on multiple drug trafficking charges and three counts of murder in furtherance of a continuing criminal enterprise. Prosecutors announced they would pursue a death sentence for him under the
Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 (, ) is a major law of the War on Drugs passed by the U.S. Congress which did several significant things: # Created the policy goal of a drug-free America; # Established the Office of National Drug Control Polic ...
. They alleged that in addition to the three murders Garza had been indicted for, he was also responsible for at least five other murders, four of which were committed in Mexico. Garza became one of the first people to face execution under this law. In 1993, Garza was found guilty on all counts. The jury found beyond a reasonable doubt that he was responsible for four unsolved murders in Mexico: the April 1991 murder of 54-year-old Oscar Cantu in
Reynosa Reynosa () is a border city in the northern part of the state of Tamaulipas, in Mexico which also holds the municipal seat of Reynosa Municipality. The city is located on the southern bank of the Rio Grande in the international Reynosa–McAlle ...
, the May 1991 murder of 35-year-old Fernando Escobar Garcia, the murder of 32-year-old Lauro Antonio Nieto in May 1991, and the murder of his own son-in-law, 21-year-old Bernabe Sosa, who was found dead near the
Rio Grande The Rio Grande ( or ) in the United States or the Río Bravo (del Norte) in Mexico (), also known as Tó Ba'áadi in Navajo language, Navajo, is one of the principal rivers (along with the Colorado River) in the Southwestern United States a ...
in January 1992. Oscar Cantu was killed for losing tens of thousands of dollars of Garza's money. He'd told Garza that the Mexican police had stolen his money and tortured him by electrocuting his genitals. Despite revealing scars to prove he wasn't lying, Garza ordered him killed anyway. Garza also personally executed Fernando Escobar-Garcia Sosa for losing a shipment of marijuana. Israel testified that Garza "said he was going to get rid of Fernando because he didn't have no use for him. He just turned around and shot Fernando a couple of times." Antonio Nieto was killed for squandering $20,000 of Garza's money while on a trip with Israel. Israel testified that Garza ordered him to kill Nieto: "He said he was getting tired of Tonio. He said if I didn't get rid of Tonio, he would get rid of me and Tonio." Israel shot Nieto twice in the stomach and twice in the head. Sosa was killed by two of Garza's men for losing one of his drug shipments. The jury also found beyond a reasonable doubt that Garza had murdered Diana Flores Villarreal, the Flores brothers' sister-in-law, in Texas in July 1991. After he saw Villarreal laughing, Garza had ordered her killed. He had Jesus buy syringes to inject her body with cocaine, so the death would look like an overdose. One of Garza's men, Emilio "Biggie" Gonzalez, punched and choked Villarreal while Jesus injected her with cocaine. Garza told the two men to tie a rope around the woman's neck to ensure she was dead. Garza paid them an ounce of cocaine each for the job. Gonzalez would later turn in Garza in exchange for leniency. Jesus would testify that Garza thought Villarreal "was laughing at him because of the money getting seized and he wasn't able to do nothing. He said nobody was going to laugh at him." Manuel Flores, Israel Flores, and Jesus Flores received lesser sentences. Manuel was convicted of two counts of murder in furtherance of a continuing criminal enterprise and two drugs charges. He was sentenced to life in prison without parole, and is currently serving his sentence at
USP Terre Haute The United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute (USP Terre Haute) is a high-security United States federal prison for male inmates in Terre Haute, Indiana. It is part of the Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute (FCC Terre Haute) and is operated ...
. In exchange for testifying against Garza, Israel, and Jesus both received 10-year sentences and have since been released from prison. During his testimony, Jesus said he was terrified of Garza and followed all of his orders to avoid becoming one of his victims, even killing one of his friends, whom he'd known for more than a decade. In addition to the aggravating factors, the jury found four mitigating factors: Garza was under a great deal of stress at the time of the murders, he was somewhat young, his codefendants were facing lesser sentences, and all of the victims were also criminals who had voluntarily participated in the drug trade. They unanimously recommended a death sentence, and on August 10, 1993, Garza was formally sentenced to die. During the sentencing phase, it was revealed that Garza had tried to bribe guards to escape and order a hit on the main prosecutor in his case, saying he wanted him tortured first. His mistress tried to bring him a hacksaw blade. Upon hearing the jury's decision, U.S. District Judge Filemon Vela Sr. told Garza that "the only thing that I can ask you to consider is to start making your peace to your God." Garza's supporters claimed his sentence was racially biased. However,
Attorney General In most common law jurisdictions, the attorney general (: attorneys general) or attorney-general (AG or Atty.-Gen) is the main legal advisor to the government. In some jurisdictions, attorneys general also have executive responsibility for law enf ...
John Ashcroft John David Ashcroft (born May 9, 1942) is an American lawyer, Lobbying, lobbyist, and former politician who served as the 79th United States attorney general under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005. A Republican Party (United States), R ...
pointed out that all of the six men, including Garza, who were charged with murder in the case were Hispanic. The prosecutor, judge, seven of Garza's eight victims, and six of the jurors were also Hispanic. Filemon Vela Sr. said that while he wasn't a personal advocate of the death penalty, Garza's crimes were much worse than his advocates had portrayed.
"I can tell you what the evidence showed - it was not for three homicides. More than that took place at that time, all resultant of drug activities."
On July 13, 1999, federal authorities moved Garza, who had committed the crime in Texas but was under a federal death sentence, out of the custody of the
Texas Department of Criminal Justice The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) is a department of the government of the U.S. state of Texas. The TDCJ is responsible for statewide criminal justice for adult offenders, including managing offenders in state prisons, state jails ...
(TDCJ) and into
Federal Bureau of Prisons The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is a Federal law enforcement in the United States, federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Justice that is responsible for all List of United States federal prisons, federal prisons ...
(BOP) custody.Offenders No Longer on Death Row
."
Texas Department of Criminal Justice The Texas Department of Criminal Justice (TDCJ) is a department of the government of the U.S. state of Texas. The TDCJ is responsible for statewide criminal justice for adult offenders, including managing offenders in state prisons, state jails ...
. Retrieved on August 22, 2010.
Garza was one of three condemned inmates moved from the Texas state male death row on that day due to the opening of the new federal death row wing in
USP Terre Haute The United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute (USP Terre Haute) is a high-security United States federal prison for male inmates in Terre Haute, Indiana. It is part of the Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute (FCC Terre Haute) and is operated ...
,
Terre Haute, Indiana Terre Haute ( ) is a city in Vigo County, Indiana, United States, and its county seat. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census, the city had a population of 58,389 and Terre Haute metropolitan area, its metropolitan area had a populati ...
. Garza had TDCJ ID 999074 and BOP ID# 62728-079. All appeals failed, and on June 19, 2001, Garza was executed at the
Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute The Federal Correctional Complex, Terre Haute (FCC Terre Haute) is a United States federal prison complex for male inmates in Terre Haute, Indiana. It is operated by the Federal Bureau of Prisons, a division of the United States Department of Jus ...
by lethal injection. Garza's execution took place just eight days after domestic terrorist
Timothy McVeigh Timothy James McVeigh (April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001) was an American domestic terrorist who masterminded and perpetrated the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995. The bombing itself killed 167 people (including 19 children), injured ...
was put to death at the same location. Garza was initially scheduled to be executed in December 2000, but was granted a short stay of execution. Many people believe the stay was intended to give McVeigh the milestone of becoming the first person executed by the federal government in the modern era. Garza's
last meal A condemned prisoner's last meal is a customary ritual preceding execution. In many countries, the prisoner may, within reason, select what the last meal will be. Contemporary restrictions in the United States Contrary to the common belief t ...
consisted of steak, french fries, onion rings, diet cola, and three slices of bread. His last words were "I just want to say that I'm sorry, and I apologize for all the pain and grief that I have caused. I ask your forgiveness and God bless." A witness described Garza as resigned to his fate.
"At that point he did somewhat of a sigh, like it's over."
Garza was pronounced dead five minutes later.


See also

*
Capital punishment by the United States federal government Capital punishment is a legal punishment under the criminal justice system of the United States federal government. It is the most serious punishment that could be imposed under federal law. The serious crimes that warrant this punishment inc ...
*
Capital punishment in the United States In the United States, capital punishment (also known as the death penalty) is a legal penalty in 27 states (of which two, Oregon and Wyoming, do not currently have any inmates sentenced to death), throughout the country at the federal leve ...
*
List of people executed by the United States federal government The following is a list of people executed by the United States federal government. Post-''Gregg'' executions Sixteen executions (none of them military) have occurred in the modern post-''Gregg'' era. Since 1976, sixteen people have been execu ...
*
List of people executed in the United States in 2001 Sixty-six people, sixty-three male and three female, Wanda Jean Allen, Marilyn Kay Plantz, and Lois Nadean Smith, were executed in the United States in 2001, all by lethal injection. Oklahoma, eighteen executions, and Texas, seventeen executions, ...


References


External links


Juan Raul Garza
''The Clark County Prosecuting Attorney''. Retrieved on 2007-11-15.

*" ttps://web.archive.org/web/20100925073249/http://www.bop.gov/news/press/press_releases/ipapr003.jsp Date set for First Federal Execution since 1963"
Federal Bureau of Prisons The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is a Federal law enforcement in the United States, federal law enforcement agency of the United States Department of Justice that is responsible for all List of United States federal prisons, federal prisons ...
. May 26, 2000. ! colspan="3" , Executions carried out by the United States federal government , - ! colspan="3" , Executions carried out in the United States {{DEFAULTSORT:Garza, Juan 1956 births 2001 deaths 21st-century executions by the United States federal government American crime bosses American drug traffickers American people executed for murder 21st-century executions of American people People from Brownsville, Texas Executed people from Texas People convicted of murder by the United States federal government People executed by the United States federal government by lethal injection Organized crime people