Juan Bautista Justo (June 28, 1865, in

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, controlled by the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southwest of the Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires is classified as an Alpha− glob ...

– January 8, 1928, in Buenos Aires) was an

Argentine Argentines, Argentinians or Argentineans are people from Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Argentines, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their ...

physician A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the Medical education, study, Med ...

, journalist, politician, and writer. After finishing medical school he joined the Civic Union of the Youth, later participating in the foundation of the Socialist Party in 1896, of which he was chief director until his death. He married Alicia Moreau de Justo, with whom he had three children.

The physician

Justo studied medicine at the Universidad de Buenos Aires while working as a journalist to earn a living. He graduated with honors in 1888, after which he travelled to

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

where he learned about socialist ideas. Back in Argentina, he worked as a surgeon at the ''Hospital de Crónicos''.

The journalist

Justo wrote his first pieces at the '' La Prensa'' newspaper as a parliamentary journalist. At the beginning of 1890 he started writing for the socialist newspaper ''El Obrero''. In 1894, together with Augusto Kühn and Esteban Jiménez he founded the ''

La Vanguardia ' (; , ) is a Spanish daily newspaper founded in 1881. It is printed in Spanish and, since 3 May 2011, also in Catalan. It has its headquarters in Barcelona and is Catalonia's leading newspaper. Despite being mostly distributed in Catalonia, ...

'' publication that became two years later, with the creation of the Socialist Party, the official organ of the party. In 1905 ''La Vanguardia'' became a daily newspaper, in an important cultural extension that exceeded its original purpose of political diffusion. Justo directed the newspaper until his death.

The politician

Juan B. Justo participated in the UCR from its beginnings as ''Unión Cívica'' in 1889. During the Park Revolution of 1890 he took care of the revolutionary wounded. Shortly after, Justo deepened its participation in workers' circles and socialist currents, to finally found the Socialist Party in 1896 with Estéban Jiménez, Augusto Kühn and Isidoro Salomó. He directed the party from its creation to his death in 1928. In 1912 Justo was elected a national deputy, seat that he kept until 1924 when he was elected senator, in both cases representing the city of

. As a deputy he was chief of the commission that investigated the trusts conflict, and participated of the deliberations that led to the

University Reform University reform is a type of education reform applied to higher education. Examples include: *Bologna Process *Chilean university reform *Reform of French universities **Law on Higher Education and Research (France), Law on Higher Education and R ...

of 1918. Justo also proposed several projects of law for the social welfare, and against

gambling Gambling (also known as betting or gaming) is the wagering of something of Value (economics), value ("the stakes") on a Event (probability theory), random event with the intent of winning something else of value, where instances of strategy (ga ...

alcoholism Alcoholism is the continued drinking of alcohol despite it causing problems. Some definitions require evidence of dependence and withdrawal. Problematic use of alcohol has been mentioned in the earliest historical records. The World He ...

and

illiteracy Literacy is the ability to read and write, while illiteracy refers to an inability to read and write. Some researchers suggest that the study of "literacy" as a concept can be divided into two periods: the period before 1950, when literacy was ...

. Justo also participated of the creation of cooperative El Hogar Obrero, the Biblioteca Obrera and the Sociedad Luz of culture and promotion of socialism. As president of the Argentine Socialist Party, he assisted to the socialist congresses held in

Copenhagen Copenhagen ( ) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark, with a population of 1.4 million in the Urban area of Copenhagen, urban area. The city is situated on the islands of Zealand and Amager, separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the ...

and

Bern Bern (), or Berne (), ; ; ; . is the ''de facto'' Capital city, capital of Switzerland, referred to as the "federal city".; ; ; . According to the Swiss constitution, the Swiss Confederation intentionally has no "capital", but Bern has gov ...

The writer

Justo focused on political and social essays. His most important work is considered ''Theory and Practice of History'' (''Teoría y práctica de la historia'') of 1909. He also wrote ''Scientific Theory of History'' (''Teoría científica de la historia'') in 1898, ''Argentine Socialism'' (''El socialismo argentino'') in 1910, ''Socialism and Imperialism'' (''Socialismo e imperialismo''), ''The Socialist International'' (''La internacional socialista''), ''The Socialist Program for Agriculture'' (''El programa socialista en el campo''), and the posthumously published ''The Currency'' (''La moneda'') of 1937 and ''The Free Cooperation'' (''La cooperación libre'') of 1938. Justo also made the first Spanish translation from German of

Karl Marx Karl Marx (; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, political theorist, economist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. He is best-known for the 1848 pamphlet '' The Communist Manifesto'' (written with Friedrich Engels) ...

's ''

Das Kapital ''Capital: A Critique of Political Economy'' (), also known as ''Capital'' or (), is the most significant work by Karl Marx and the cornerstone of Marxian economics, published in three volumes in 1867, 1885, and 1894. The culmination of his ...

''.

External links

Biography
at El Historiador {{DEFAULTSORT:Justo, Juan Bautista 1865 births 1928 deaths Politicians from Buenos Aires Civic Union (Argentina) politicians Radical Civic Union politicians Socialist Party (Argentina) politicians Liberal socialism Members of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies elected in Buenos Aires Members of the Argentine Senate for Buenos Aires Argentine surgeons Argentine essayists Argentine male essayists Argentine male writers Argentine journalists Argentine male journalists Argentine writers in German Argentine medical writers