José Vivas
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José Fructoso Vivas Vivas (21 January 1928 – 23 August 2022), also known as Fruto Vivas, was a Venezuelan architect. His best known works are the Venezuelan Pavilion in Expo Hanover 2000, Táchira Club in
Caracas Caracas ( , ), officially Santiago de León de Caracas (CCS), is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and the center of the Metropolitan Region of Caracas (or Greater Caracas). Caracas is located along the Guaire River in the northern p ...
, Venezuela, the Holy Redeemer church in San Cristóbal, Venezuela, and the Museum of Modern Art in Caracas, Venezuela.


Personal life

Vivas was born 21 January 1928 in
La Grita La Grita is a town in the north west of Táchira state, Venezuela. It has a population of 80,000. Located in an Andean valley, La Grita has a beautiful natural setting and fertile land. The town includes colonial style houses and open plazas. ...
,
Táchira Táchira State (, ) is one of the 23 States of Venezuela, states of Venezuela. The state capital is San Cristóbal, Táchira, San Cristóbal. Táchira State covers a total surface area of and as of the 2011 census, had a population of 1,168,9 ...
, Venezuela. At 23, he enrolled to study
architecture Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction. It is both the process and the product of sketching, conceiving, planning, designing, and construction, constructi ...
at the
Central University of Venezuela Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
, where he graduated in 1956. Following graduation, he worked with other architects such as Brazilian
Oscar Niemeyer Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (15 December 1907 – 5 December 2012), known as Oscar Niemeyer (), was a Brazilian architect considered to be one of the key figures in the development of modern architecture. Niemeyer was b ...
and Spaniard
Eduardo Torroja Eduardo Torroja y Miret, 1st Marques of Torroja (27 August 1899 – 15 June 1961) was a Spanish structural engineer and a pioneer in the design of concrete shell structures. Education Torroja was born in Madrid where he studied civil engineerin ...
. He joined the military political party of Venezuela, where he began to design projects for them and other communist parties.


Architectural style

Vivas' architectural style tends to consist of the
International Style The International Style is a major architectural style and movement that began in western Europe in the 1920s and dominated modern architecture until the 1970s. It is defined by strict adherence to Functionalism (architecture), functional and Fo ...
and
modernism Modernism was an early 20th-century movement in literature, visual arts, and music that emphasized experimentation, abstraction, and Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy), subjective experience. Philosophy, politics, architecture, and soc ...
, though he varied the two styles via naturalist and humanist influences. His architecture style also utilizes ecology. The best example of his work is the Venezuelan Pavilion in Hannover Expo in 2000; the pavilion is characterized by the shape of the
orchid Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Orchids are cosmopolitan plants that are found in almost every habitat on Eart ...
flower, which is fifty-nine feet tall and protrudes from the building with its thirty-foot petals opening and closing depending on the weather.


Works

* Church of Santa Rosa,
Valencia, Venezuela Valencia () is the capital city of Carabobo State and the third-largest city in Venezuela. The city is an economic hub that contains Venezuela's top industries and manufacturing companies. It is also the largest city in the Valencia-Maracay m ...
(1946) * Táchira Club, Caracas, Venezuela (1955) * Moruco Hotel, Mérida, Venezuela (1955) * Museum of Modern Art, Caracas, Venezuela, worked with architect
Oscar Niemeyer Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (15 December 1907 – 5 December 2012), known as Oscar Niemeyer (), was a Brazilian architect considered to be one of the key figures in the development of modern architecture. Niemeyer was b ...
(1955) * Church of the Divine Redeemer, San Cristóbal, Venezuela (1957) * Church of Zapara Urbanization,
Maracaibo Maracaibo ( , ; ) is a city and municipality in northwestern Venezuela, on the western shore of the strait that connects Lake Maracaibo to the Gulf of Venezuela. It is the largest city in Venezuela and is List of cities in Venezuela by population ...
, Venezuela (1957) * La Cumbre Hotel,
Ciudad Bolívar Ciudad Bolívar (; Spanish for "Bolivar City"), formerly known as Angostura and St. Thomas de Guyana, is the capital of Venezuela's southeastern Bolívar, Venezuela, Bolívar State. It lies at the spot where the Orinoco River narrows to about ...
, Venezuela (1958) * Major Square of San Cristobal, Venezuela (1958) * Trees for Life complex, Lecherias, Venezuela (1994) * Venezuelan Pavilion in Hannover Expo (2000) * Project of the NGO headquarters in
Santos Santos may refer to: People *Santos (surname) * Santos Balmori Picazo (1899–1992), Spanish-Mexican painter * Santos Benavides (1823–1891), Confederate general in the American Civil War Places *Santos, São Paulo, a municipality in São Paulo ...
Brazil Recycled Lives (2011)


Awards and honorary doctorates

* National Award of Architecture in Venezuela (1987) * Architecture:
Central University of Venezuela Central is an adjective usually referring to being in the center of some place or (mathematical) object. Central may also refer to: Directions and generalised locations * Central Africa, a region in the centre of Africa continent, also known as ...
(2009) * Architecture: Experimental University of Tachira (2011)


Further reading


A Flood of Optimism

Venezuelan Programme - Modernism+Caracas

The Very Fabric of Architecture: textile use in construction
* Duarte, Dimitri.

Aporrea, (accessed 29 March 29, 2012). * Ramirez, Johan
"El sueño de una Caracas posible".
''Estampas'', 6 April 2008. (accessed 29 March 2012). {{DEFAULTSORT:Vivas, José 1928 births 2022 deaths 20th-century Venezuelan architects 21st-century architects 21st-century Venezuelan people Central University of Venezuela alumni People from Táchira