José Leonardo Chirino
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José Leonardo Chirino (April 25, 1754 – December 10, 1796) was a free
zambo Zambo ( or ) or Sambu is a racial term historically used in the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed Amerindian, Indigenous Amerindian and West African people, African ancestry. Occasionally in the 21st century, the term is used in the ...
who helped to lead a 1795 uprising in
Santa Ana de Coro Coro is the capital of Falcón, Falcón State and the second oldest city in Venezuela (after Cumaná). It was founded on July 26, 1527, by Juan de Ampíes as Santa Ana de Coro. It was historically known as Neu-Augsburg (from 1528 to 1546) by the ...
,
Venezuela Venezuela, officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, is a country on the northern coast of South America, consisting of a continental landmass and many Federal Dependencies of Venezuela, islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea. It com ...
.
José Leonardo Chirino Airport José Leonardo Chirino Airport , is an airport serving Coro, the capital of Falcón state in Venezuela. It is named to honor José Leonardo Chirino, leader of a 1795 rebellion in Coro that called for the abolition of slavery and the establishmen ...
is named after him.


1795 rebellion

1795 was perhaps the most revolutionary year in Caribbean history, with rebellions in
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,
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia is an island country of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean. Part of the Windward Islands of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the island of Saint Vincent (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines), Saint Vincent ...
, Saint Vincent,
Curaçao Curaçao, officially the Country of Curaçao, is a constituent island country within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located in the southern Caribbean Sea (specifically the Dutch Caribbean region), about north of Venezuela. Curaçao includ ...
,
Dominica Dominica, officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island country in the Caribbean. It is part of the Windward Islands chain in the Lesser Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean Sea. The capital, Roseau, is located on the western side of t ...
,
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,
Trinidad Trinidad is the larger, more populous island of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, the country. The island lies off the northeastern coast of Venezuela and sits on the continental shelf of South America. It is the southernmost island in ...
,
Jamaica Jamaica is an island country in the Caribbean Sea and the West Indies. At , it is the third-largest island—after Cuba and Hispaniola—of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean. Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, west of Hispaniola (the is ...
, and the unfolding
Haitian Revolution The Haitian Revolution ( or ; ) was a successful insurrection by slave revolt, self-liberated slaves against French colonial rule in Saint-Domingue, now the sovereign state of Haiti. The revolution was the only known Slave rebellion, slave up ...
. The Coro rebellion grew out of and contributed to this revolutionary conjuncture, especially under the leadership of Chirino, who had recently traveled to Saint-Domingue and heard news of the rebellion there as well as the more-distant French Revolution, and also the leadership of José Caridad González, a
Congolese Congolese or Kongolese may refer to: African peoples * Congolese people (disambiguation) * Kongo people, a Bantu ethnic group who live along the Atlantic coast of Africa from Pointe-Noire (Republic of Congo) to Luanda, Angola, primarily defined by ...
man who had studied the philosophy, strategy, and tactics of the unfolding French Revolution. The Coro rebellion had four primary objectives: * First, the application of the new legal system of the French Revolution, i.e. the abolition of monarchy and colonialism and the constitution of an independent, democratic republic. * Second, the freedom of all enslaved Africans and the abolition of slavery. * Third, the abolition of tribute payments that had been imposed upon the colony's indigenous population under Spanish rule. * Fourth, the abolition of white supremacy, or privilege and prejudice on the basis of skin color.


Betrayal and execution

After the rebellion was suppressed, Chirino was betrayed by an associate, captured and condemned to death. His children were sold into slavery.Jesús Borges,
José Leonardo Chirino, Macanillas, Aristóbulo, Noel Sirit e ilustres visitantes
' He was executed on December 10, 1796.


References

1754 births 1796 deaths Burials at the National Pantheon of Venezuela Viceroyalty of New Granada people People executed by hanging, drawing and quartering Independence of Venezuela People from Falcón Executed Venezuelan people 1790s in Venezuela {{Venezuela-bio-stub