José de Calasanz, or in Catalan Calassanç , bon ''José Vives y Tutó''(or, in Catalan, ''Josep Vives i Tutó''); his given name is written in English as ''Joseph Calasanz''), OFMCap (15 February 1854 – 7 September 1913), was an influential Spanish Roman Catholic

theologian Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of ...

, member of the

Capuchin friars The Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (; Post-nominal letters, postnominal abbr. OFMCap) is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of Franciscans, Franciscan friars within the Catholic Church, one of three "Religious institute#Nomenclature, F ...

and from 19 June 1899 also

cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal most commonly refers to * Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of three species in the family Cardinalidae ***Northern cardinal, ''Cardinalis cardinalis'', the common cardinal of ...

. To distinguish him from the saint Giuseppe Calasanzio from whom he took his name, he is known as either ''José de Calasanz Vives y Tutó'' or ''Cardinal Calasanz''. Initially studying as a boy with the priest of the Scuole Pie, he then directly entered the Capuchin order. In 1869–1870, he was in the novitiate while in

Guatemala Guatemala, officially the Republic of Guatemala, is a country in Central America. It is bordered to the north and west by Mexico, to the northeast by Belize, to the east by Honduras, and to the southeast by El Salvador. It is hydrologically b ...

, but social disorder and anticlericalism led to him to flee to France. He was sent back to the Americas by the order, but by 1880 he was in a monastery of Igeselda in Spain. He was sent by the order to Rome to discuss the disunion among Capuchin branches. This led, in 1899, to having Pope Leo XIII name him cardinal. He was involved in the elaboration of church doctrines and canon law; as an ally of the conservative and reactionary Cardinals

Rafael Merry del Val Rafael Merry del Val y Zulueta, (10 October 1865 – 26 February 1930) was a Spanish Catholic bishop, Vatican official, and cardinal. Before becoming a cardinal, he served as the secretary of the papal conclave of 1903 that elected Pope Pius ...

and Gaetano de Lai, he remained influential with

Pope Pius X Pope Pius X (; born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto; 2 June 1835 – 20 August 1914) was head of the Catholic Church from 4 August 1903 to his death in August 1914. Pius X is known for vigorously opposing Modernism in the Catholic Church, modern ...

.Rivista enciclopedica contemporanea
Editore Francesco Vallardi, Milan, (1913), entry by B, page 278. In 1908, he became the first Prefect of what is now known as the

Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life The Dicastery for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, formerly called Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life (DICLSAL and formerly CICLSAL; ), is the dicastery of the Roman Cu ...

, and held the position until his death. He was well known for his traditionalist position. His health deteriorated in 1913 with

peritonitis Peritonitis is inflammation of the localized or generalized peritoneum, the lining of the inner wall of the abdomen and covering of the abdominal organs. Symptoms may include severe pain, swelling of the abdomen, fever, or weight loss. One pa ...

and he died in September that year at the age of 59.

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* 20th-century Spanish cardinals Cardinals created by Pope Leo XIII 1854 births 1913 deaths Members of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life Capuchins People from Monte Porzio Catone {{Spain-RC-cardinal-stub