Josip Runjanin (; 8 December 1821 – 2 February 1878) was a soldier and composer from the

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central- Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence ...

best known for composing the melody of '' Lijepa naša domovino'', which later became the Croatian national anthem.

Life

Runjanin was born Josif Runjanin to a

Serb The Serbs ( sr-Cyr, Срби, Srbi, ) are the most numerous South Slavs, South Slavic ethnic group native to the Balkans in Southeastern Europe, who share a common Serbian Cultural heritage, ancestry, Culture of Serbia, culture, History of ...

family on 8 December 1821 and baptized in the Serbian Orthodox Church of Pentecost in

Vinkovci Vinkovci () is a city in Slavonia, in the Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. The city's registered population was 28,247 in the 2021 census, the total population of the city was 31,057, making it the largest town of the county. Surround ...

. He received his education in Vinkovci, and then Sremski Karlovci. He served in the Imperial Army as a

cadet A cadet is an officer trainee or candidate. The term is frequently used to refer to those training to become an officer in the military, often a person who is a junior trainee. Its meaning may vary between countries which can include youths in ...

in the town of Glina along the Military Frontier in the Croatian Military Frontier district. While serving in Glina, he attained the rank of

captain Captain is a title, an appellative for the commanding officer of a military unit; the supreme leader of a navy ship, merchant ship, aeroplane, spacecraft, or other vessel; or the commander of a port, fire or police department, election precinct, e ...

, and became proficient in playing the

piano The piano is a stringed keyboard instrument in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used leather). It is played using a musica ...

, being taught by the military bandmaster of Glina. There, he was introduced to the

Illyrist The Illyrian movement ( sh-Latn-Cyrl, Ilirski pokret, Илирски покрет; sl, Ilirsko gibanje) was a pan-South-Slavic cultural and political campaign with roots in the early modern period, and revived by a group of young Croatian int ...

circles, where he met noted poet Antun Mihanović. It is generally agreed that Runjanin, an amateur musician, composed the music for Mihanović's patriotic Croatian poem " Horvatska domovina" in 1846 using inspiration from

Gaetano Donizetti Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer, best known for his almost 70 operas. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, he was a leading composer of the ''bel canto'' opera style dur ...

's aria "O sole piu ratto a sorger t'appresta" from the third act of his opera '' Lucia di Lammermoor'', according to Croatian musicologist Josip Andreis. His song "Ljubimo te naša diko" was composed using motives from Donizetti's ''

L'elisir d'amore ''L'elisir d'amore'' (''The Elixir of Love'', ) is a ' ( opera buffa) in two acts by the Italian composer Gaetano Donizetti. Felice Romani wrote the Italian libretto, after Eugène Scribe's libretto for Daniel Auber's ' (1831). The opera pre ...

''. "Ljubimo te naša diko (Hrvati svome banu)" was composed in honour of the Ban of Croatia, Josip Jelačić.Republika. Page 41, note 2
/ref> The Croatian anthem by Mihanović and Runjanin would be first played in the streets of

Zagreb Zagreb ( , , , ) is the capital and largest city of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and Sl ...

in 1891 during the Croatian-Slavonian exhibit, so both men only achieved postmortem fame. An obedient soldier, Runjanin was later made

colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge ...

. In 1864 at the age of 43, Runjanin married the daughter of the pensioned captain Toma Perković. As a representative of the First Banate regiment, he entered the Croatian Assembly in 1865. After retirement, Runjanin moved to

Novi Sad Novi Sad ( sr-Cyrl, Нови Сад, ; hu, Újvidék, ; german: Neusatz; see below for other names) is the second largest city in Serbia and the capital of the autonomous province of Vojvodina. It is located in the southern portion of the P ...

where he died at the age of 57 on 2 February 1878 and was buried at the Serbian Orthodox cemetery.

Legacy

There are several schools in Croatia named after Runjanin, most notably the Elementary Music School of Josip Runjanin (''Osnovna glazbena škola Josipa Runjanina'') in Vinkovci.

Notes

References

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Runjanin, Josip 1821 births 1878 deaths 19th-century composers 19th-century male musicians Austro-Hungarian Serbs Croatian composers Male composers National anthem writers Musicians from Novi Sad People from Vinkovci Serbian composers Serbs of Croatia