Joseph W. Frazer
   HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

Joseph Washington Frazer (March 4, 1892 – August 7, 1971) was a mid-20th century American automobile company executive. Over the course of his life Frazer was employed in half a dozen different companies as a mechanic, instructor, financier, salesman, president and board chairman. He held down top executive positions in Chrysler, Willys-Overland, and Graham-Paige, before partnering with Henry J. Kaiser to form the Kaiser-Frazer
Corporation A corporation or body corporate is an individual or a group of people, such as an association or company, that has been authorized by the State (polity), state to act as a single entity (a legal entity recognized by private and public law as ...
. He was an important figure in the classic era of American car building.


Early life

Frazer was born March 4, 1892, in
Nashville, Tennessee Nashville, often known as Music City, is the capital and List of municipalities in Tennessee, most populous city in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the county seat, seat of Davidson County, Tennessee, Davidson County in Middle Tennessee, locat ...
. He was the son of James Stokes Frazer, an attorney and judge, and Mary Washington. Frazer's mother traced her lineage to an uncle of
George Washington George Washington (, 1799) was a Founding Fathers of the United States, Founding Father and the first president of the United States, serving from 1789 to 1797. As commander of the Continental Army, Washington led Patriot (American Revoluti ...
.


Education

Frazer graduated from The Hotchkiss School in Lakeville,
Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...
, and studied engineering at
Yale University Yale University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Stat ...
Sheffield Scientific School in New Haven,
Connecticut Connecticut ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the Northeastern United States. It borders Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, New York (state), New York to the west, and Long Island Sound to the south. ...
, and graduated with a science degree in 1911.


Early career

Frazer joined his brother's Packard dealership in Nashville as a mechanic's assistant. He then switched to selling new cars at the dealership and subsequently at another Packard franchise in New York City. He then moved to Cleveland and operated a sales office for the Saxon. Frazer was then hired by
General Motors General Motors Company (GM) is an American Multinational corporation, multinational Automotive industry, automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Detroit, Michigan, United States. The company is most known for owning and manufacturing f ...
, where his understanding of purchase loans made him a key organizer of GMAC. On loan from GM's executive staff, he established a similar lending arm for Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company.


Chrysler

Frazer first met Walter P. Chrysler in 1923 at Maxwell Chalmers. Chrysler was aware of Frazer's growing reputation in the business as a thinker who made large-scale sales possible. Frazer joined Chrysler and, with him on board, Maxwell tripled its annual sales, helping Chrysler obtain the resources build his own car. In 1925 Chrysler founded the Chrysler Corporation. Frazer suggested to Chrysler that the company build a low-priced car that would directly challenge Ford and GM. Frazer suggested calling the car "Plymouth". "Why not call it Plymouth? That's a good old American name. Ever hear of Plymouth Binder Twine?" While others were unimpressed by Frazer's proposition, Chrysler (himself once a farmer) replied, "Every farmer in America knows about Plymouth Binder Twine. Let's give them a name they're familiar with." On January 11, 1928, the first car was produced and later it shared some of the styling and features of Chrysler and DeSoto. By 1931 the car was ranked third in automobile sales in the U.S.


Willys-Overland

In 1939, Frazer left Chrysler and by this time, the company was already one of the Big Three automobile manufacturers in the United States with an annual revenue of $550 million. He moved to Willys-Overland which was in dire financial straits with sales stalled at 16,000 units annually. During his time at Willys the company built and unveiled its new military vehicle, where Frazer approved trademark filings to make "Jeep" an automotive nameplate. Frazer claimed to have coined the word "jeep" by slurring the initials G.P. but this is disputed. Willys won the U.S. Government contract to build the Jeep General Purpose" - ("G.P.") military utility vehicle Jeep began production in 1940–1941. Frazer also directed the development of a low-priced car called the Willys Americar which was a sales success. By the time he left in 1944 Willys-Overland had yearly sales of $212 million.


Graham-Paige Motors

In August 1944 Frazer took control of Graham-Paige Motors Corporation and became president.Odin, L.C. ''A concise guide to Graham-Paige''. Belvedere Publishing, 2016. ASIN: B01G8X5Z34. He announced that the company would resume manufacturing automobiles after the war with a completely new car to be called the Frazer. While seeking financial backing for this venture, he met industrialist Henry J. Kaiser, who also had plans for a postwar automobile. The two formed the Kaiser-Frazer Corporation on July 25, 1945. Henry Kaiser became the chairman of Kaiser-Frazer, and Frazer became president. Kaiser-Frazer Corporation and Graham-Paige became equal partners. Kaiser-Frazer would make the Kaiser car, Graham-Paige would build the Frazer and agricultural machinery. By the end of 1946, Graham-Paige was losing money, and was unable to meet its financial obligations to Kaiser-Frazer and in 1947, Frazer sold Graham-Paige's automobile operation to Kaiser. He retained the farm equipment division which he moved to a plant in York, Pennsylvania.


Personal life

Joseph married Margaret "Lucille" Frost (born January 3, 1896, Chicago, Illinois - passed 28 Mar 1979 (aged 83) in Newport, Newport County, Rhode Island, USA) on November 18, 1914. They had one daughter Arielle (born August 23, 1917 – died February 7, 2006, in Newport, Rhode Island). In April 2012, Frazer was inducted into the Automobile Hall of Fame. He died of cancer at his home in Newport on August 7, 1971.


References

* He was featured in a ''"Time"'' Magazine article in April, 1945 in an article entitled "From Riches to Riches.

* Don Sherman. "A Few who Failed - unsuccessful automakers." ''Automotive Industries,'' September 2000.


External links


"Joe Frazer and Graham-Paige" "Time" magazine August 21, 1944
{{DEFAULTSORT:Frazer, Joseph W. American founders of automobile manufacturers American chief executives in the automobile industry 1892 births 1971 deaths Kaiser Motors Businesspeople from Nashville, Tennessee Yale School of Engineering & Applied Science alumni American industrialists