Jóseph Pustýlnik (1905 in Balta – 1991 in

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) was a Soviet

composer A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music. Etymology and def ...

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music theorist Music theory is the study of theoretical frameworks for understanding the practices and possibilities of music. '' The Oxford Companion to Music'' describes three interrelated uses of the term "music theory": The first is the " rudiments", that ...

, active associate of Johann Admoni on organization of the Seminar of Amateur composers at the composers' House in

Leningrad Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...

Biography

Youth and Pedagogical work

Joseph Pustylnik was born on January 17, 1905, in Balta,

Podolian Governorate Podolia Governorate was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Southwestern Krai of the Russian Empire. It bordered Volhynian Governorate to the north, Kiev Governorate to the east, Kherson Governorate to the southeast, Bess ...

(today in

Odesa Oblast Odesa Oblast (), also referred to as Odeshchyna (Одещина), is an administrative divisions of Ukraine, oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, located along the northern coast of the Black Sea. Its administrative centre is the city of Ode ...

, Ukraine). In 1924, he entered and in 1929 he graduated from the

Odessa Conservatory The Odesa National Academy of Music (also known as the Odesa Conservatory or formally the A.V. Nezhdanova Odesa National Academy of Music) is a national higher education music academy in Odesa, Odesa Oblast, Ukraine. History The Odesa Conservator ...

as a

conductor Conductor or conduction may refer to: Biology and medicine * Bone conduction, the conduction of sound to the inner ear * Conduction aphasia, a language disorder Mathematics * Conductor (ring theory) * Conductor of an abelian variety * Cond ...

, class of A. Stolyarov. However, he is not found work as a conductor, because in 1925-1926 he was a member violinist

Odessa Opera and Ballet Theater The Odesa National Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre () is the oldest theatre in Odesa, Ukraine. The Theatre and the Potemkin Stairs are the most famous edifices in Odesa. The first opera house was opened in 1810 and destroyed by fire in 1873. T ...

. Surviving in one way or another way by musical earnings Joseph Pustylnik decides to improve his musical skills and graduated in 1936 the

Leningrad Conservatory The N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov Saint Petersburg State Conservatory () (formerly known as the Petrograd Conservatory and Leningrad Conservatory) is a school of music in Saint Petersburg, Russia. In 2004, the conservatory had around 275 faculty members ...

on the composition (class of Pyotr Ryazanov). : Since then, Joseph Pustylnik binds entire music fate with

and the

. First, in 1938, he teaches composition at the Central music College in Leningrad, but in 1939 he was give the place of a teacher and at the

. In connection with the great Patriotic War the fate during excommunicated him from the

. In 1942-1943 he works as a conductor of Kazan management of cinema, and in the period from 1943 to 1944 - the conductor of the Philharmonic hall in

Izhevsk Izhevsk or Ijevsk (, ; , or ) is the capital city of Udmurtia, Russia. It is situated along the Izh River, west of the Ural Mountains in Eastern Europe. It is the 21st-largest city in Russia, and the most populous in Udmurtia, with over 600,000 ...

. : In 1963 Joseph Pustylnik received the title and the position of associate Professor at the

, and after writing his Doctoral thesis on "Mobile counterpoint and free letter" from 1967 he worked as Professor. : After

World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, in early 1947 Joseph Pustylnik is close friends with Johann Admoni, which together with like-minded people did in those years informal free (folk) music institution at the House of composers in

- Seminar of Amateur composers. He is a teacher at the

because Joseph Pustylnik were able to give the

Seminar A seminar is a form of academic instruction, either at an academic institution or offered by a commercial or professional organization. It has the function of bringing together small groups for recurring meetings, focusing each time on some part ...

status actually a branch of the

, without the right to issue state diplomas to the participants. However, he always contributed to any student in the admission to the

. : In the years of

perestroika ''Perestroika'' ( ; rus, перестройка, r=perestrojka, p=pʲɪrʲɪˈstrojkə, a=ru-perestroika.ogg, links=no) was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associ ...

in connection with the deteriorating health Joseph Pustylnik was forced to leave the favorite

and the

and move towards her daughter to

, where he died in 1991 at the age of 86.

Musical creativity

Before World War II Joseph Pustylnik wrote music for films, in particular, he wrote the music for the film "Patriot" (1939) and "Return" (1940). However, it was always drawn to the genre of

Opera Opera is a form of History of theatre#European theatre, Western theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by Singing, singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically ...

. : In 1933 he created later became his most popular work is the children's

in his own libretto to the poems of

Samuil Marshak Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (alternative spelling: Marchak) (; 4 July 1964) was a Soviet writer of Belarusian Jewish origin, translator and poet who wrote for both children and adults. He translated the sonnets and some other of the works of Willi ...

"Fire", which for many years was sung on the radio and pleasing to the pre-war kids. His symphonic cantata on the motives of poems

Musa Jalil Musa may refer to: Places *Mūša, a river in Lithuania and Latvia * Musa, Azerbaijan, a village in Yardymli Rayon *Musa, Iran, a village in Ilam province, Iran *Musa, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Iran * Musa Kalayeh, Gilan province, Iran *Abu Musa ...

performed in the Leningrad Philharmonic in the 1950s repeatedly. The public was not left without the favorable attention his cycle of romances on verses of Musa Jalil. : The main composer achievement of Joseph Pustylnik was the creation the first Chuvash Opera "Narspi" ("Runaway"), which he wrote in 1952 on the poem "Narspi" the K. Ivanov (libretto by I. Maximov-Koshkinskiy and P. Gradov). In March 1955 forces of the choir, orchestra and solicitously state Philharmonic society and the Chuvash state ensemble of song and dance in

Cheboksary Cheboksary is the capital city of Chuvashia, Russia. It is a port on the Volga River. Geography The city is located in the Volga Upland region and stands on the shore of the Cheboksary Reservoir. Its area is .Resolution #2083 The satellite city ...

3 pictures of the Opera were delivered (musical Director F. Lukin, conductor Century A. Kudashev, directed by I. Maximov-Koshkinskiy, artist P. D. Dmitriev, starring made soprano T. Chumakova). Unfortunately the great success of the Opera did not have, but went down in history of the Chuvash people as the first Opera of the life of simple Chuvashes. In 1958 in

was executed and his Opera "the Seagull".

Scientific work

In his youth, in the years of study at the

, Joseph Pustylnik was fond of polyphonic music, and even in those years learned to freely write mirror Canon (one of the music polyphonic forms), which can be played on the right to left and Vice versa. : In his mature years he realized the full force of polyphonic thinking for composers and began a systematic study of creativity of the majority of composers that use polyphonic technology of writing, from

Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (German: Help:IPA/Standard German, �joːhan zeˈbasti̯an baχ ( – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque music, Baroque period. He is known for his prolific output across a variety ...

up to the creations of his contemporary

Dmitry Shostakovich Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich, group=n (9 August 1975) was a Soviet-era Russian composer and pianist who became internationally known after the premiere of his First Symphony in 1926 and thereafter was regarded as a major composer. Shostak ...

. As a result, in 1973, he created the fundamental work "The anthology of

canon Canon or Canons may refer to: Arts and entertainment * Canon (fiction), the material accepted as officially written by an author or an ascribed author * Literary canon, an accepted body of works considered as high culture ** Western canon, th ...

" M, 1973. A huge number of composers uses to this day in their creativity of his most popular repeatedly reprinted scientific creation "A practical guide to writing canon", Leningrad, 1959, 2nd edition in 1975.

Main works

Music

: "Fire" (based on the poems of S. Marshak, 1933), "to be Continued" (anti-fascist Opera was banned by

Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Dzhugashvili; 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, his death in 1953. He held power as General Secret ...

personally, 1937), "the Fugitive" (on the poem "Narspi" the K. Ivanov, 1952), "Gull" (on motives of the play by

Anton Chekhov Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (; ; 29 January 1860 – 15 July 1904) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer, widely considered to be one of the greatest writers of all time. His career as a playwright produced four classics, and his b ...

, 1958) *

Symphonic music An orchestra (; ) is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which combines instruments from different families. There are typically four main sections of instruments: * String instruments, such as the violin, viola, cello, a ...

: "Suite" (1935), the poem "in memory of Musa Jalil" (1959), Concert piece for violin and Symphony orchestra (1933), "Pièce" for clarinet and orchestra (1956), the monologue "Ice" (lyrics M. Dudin) for voice and orchestra (1975) *

Cantata A cantata (; ; literally "sung", past participle feminine singular of the Italian language, Italian verb ''cantare'', "to sing") is a vocal music, vocal Musical composition, composition with an musical instrument, instrumental accompaniment, ty ...

: "It Is Time!" (based on the poem of A. Tvardovsky "From far to far") for soloists, choir and Symphony orchestra (1966) *

Chamber music Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of Musical instrument, instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a Great chamber, palace chamber or a large room. Most broadly, it includes any art music ...

: octet "Pages from a notebook for 2 violins, viola, cello, double bass, flute, clarinet and piano (1961), the Quartet for 2 violins, viola and cello with voice (or English horn) (1974), for violin and piano - "Melody" (1947), "Prelude" (1953), "Suite" (1955) * Vocal cycle to the verses of Musa Jalil (1956), "Three stories for children and adults" (the words of S. Mikhalkov) for voice and piano (1964) * The Overture for

Bayan Bayan may refer to: Educational institutions * Bayan Islamic Graduate School, Chicago, IL Places *Bayan-Aul, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan *Bayan Mountain, an ancient mountain name for part of Tarbagatai Mountains at Kazakhstan in Qing Dynasty period *B ...

's orchestra (1949), "Suite" for variety orchestra (1948) * Choral music to the poems of Musa Jalil * Music for films such as "Patriot," "Return". *

Song A song is a musical composition performed by the human voice. The voice often carries the melody (a series of distinct and fixed pitches) using patterns of sound and silence. Songs have a structure, such as the common ABA form, and are usu ...

: in the words of S. Marshak, I. Baukova, V. Suslov, and others

Scientific edition

* "A practical guide to writing canon" L, 1959, 2nd edition 1975 * "Mobile counterpoint and free letter" L, 1967 * "The anthology of canon" M, 1973 * "Principles of tonal organization in modern music" Leningrad, 1979

Membership in organizations

Member of the

organization of the Union of composers of the

USSR The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...

Memory

He was buried in

on the Donskoy cemetery (columbarium 22)

References

Chuvash encyclopedia. Personalia

Central city Library named N.Gogol in Novokuznetsk

Scientific works of Joseph Pustylnik

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pustylnik, Joseph 1905 births 1991 deaths Soviet composers Soviet male composers Saint Petersburg Conservatory alumni Musicians from Saint Petersburg Soviet classical musicians