Joseph Gabel (12 July 1912 in

Budapest Budapest is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns of Hungary, most populous city of Hungary. It is the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, tenth-largest city in the European Union by popul ...

– 15 June 2004 in

Paris Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

) was a French Hungarian-born sociologist and

philosopher Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, Value (ethics and social sciences), value, mind, and language. It is a rational an ...

. His work was always strongly influenced by

Marxism Marxism is a political philosophy and method of socioeconomic analysis. It uses a dialectical and materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to analyse class relations, social conflict, ...

; he was against

Stalinism Stalinism (, ) is the Totalitarianism, totalitarian means of governing and Marxism–Leninism, Marxist–Leninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union (USSR) from History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953), 1927 to 1953 by dictator Jose ...

and critical of the work of

Louis Althusser Louis Pierre Althusser (, ; ; 16 October 1918 – 22 October 1990) was a French Marxist philosopher who studied at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, where he eventually became Professor of Philosophy. Althusser was a long-time member an ...

. He left Hungary because of a Numerus Clausus for Jewish citizens and first studied

Psychopathology Psychopathology is the study of mental illness. It includes the signs and symptoms of all mental disorders. The field includes Abnormal psychology, abnormal cognition, maladaptive behavior, and experiences which differ according to social norms ...

with

Eugène Minkowski Eugène Minkowski (; born Eugeniusz Minkowski; 17 April 1885 – 17 November 1972) was a French psychiatrist of Jewish Polish origin, known for his incorporation of phenomenology into psychopathology and for exploring the notion of "lived time". ...

,Se
Notice biographique, fonds Joseph Gabel
then he turned to

Sociology Sociology is the scientific study of human society that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of Interpersonal ties, social relationships, social interaction, and aspects of culture associated with everyday life. The term sociol ...

(he was mainly influenced by

Karl Mannheim Karl Mannheim (born Károly Manheim, 27 March 1893 – 9 January 1947) was a Hungarian sociologist and a key figure in classical sociology as well as one of the founders of the sociology of knowledge. Mannheim is best known for his book '' Id ...

and

Georg Lukács Georg may refer to: * ''Georg'' (film), 1997 *Georg (musical), Estonian musical * Georg (given name) * Georg (surname) * , a Kriegsmarine coastal tanker * Spiders Georg "Spiders Georg" is an Internet meme that began circulating on the mic ...

). He taught at the Mohammed-V University of

Rabat Rabat (, also , ; ) is the Capital (political), capital city of Morocco and the List of cities in Morocco, country's seventh-largest city with an urban population of approximately 580,000 (2014) and a metropolitan population of over 1.2 million. ...

from 1965 to 1971, and at

Amiens Amiens (English: or ; ; , or ) is a city and Communes of France, commune in northern France, located north of Paris and south-west of Lille. It is the capital of the Somme (department), Somme Departments of France, department in the region ...

University from 1971 to 1980. In 1962, he published his most important work: ''False Consciousness: An Essay on Reification''. From the standpoint of psychopathology, this study works to synthesize Marxist notions of "

false consciousness In Marxist theory, false consciousness is a term describing the ways in which material, ideological, and institutional processes are said to mislead members of the proletariat and other class actors within capitalist societies, concealing the ...

" and reification with the study of

schizophrenia Schizophrenia () is a mental disorder characterized variously by hallucinations (typically, Auditory hallucination#Schizophrenia, hearing voices), delusions, thought disorder, disorganized thinking and behavior, and Reduced affect display, f ...

. In the following years, Gabel's works stressed the analysis of

ideologies An ideology is a set of beliefs or values attributed to a person or group of persons, especially those held for reasons that are not purely about belief in certain knowledge, in which "practical elements are as prominent as theoretical ones". Form ...

and marxist theory of alienation (''The Sociology of Alienation'', 1971; ''Idéologies'' 1974 - 1978; ''Alienation Today'', 1974). Gabel also wrote the articles "Utopia" and "Ideology" in the ''

Encyclopedia Universalis An encyclopedia is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are arranged alphabetically by articl ...

'' and he was one of the only French specialists on Karl Mannheim.

Publications in French

* ''Génie et folie chez Guy de Maupassant'', Paris, Jouve, 1940 (Thesis, Paris. Doctorat d'Université. 1940, no 117) * ''La Fausse Conscience : essai sur la réification'', Paris, Éditions de Minuit, « Arguments », 1962. * ''Sociologie de l'aliénation'', Paris, PUF, « Bibliothèque de sociologie contemporaine », 1971. * ''L'Aliénation aujourd'hui'', Paris, Anthropos, 1974. * ''Idéologies 1'' (Articles, 1948–1972), Paris, Éditions Anthropos, 1974. * ''Idéologies. 2, Althussérisme et stalinisme'', (Articles and conferences), Paris, Éditions Anthropos, 1978. * (dir.), with Bernard Rousset, Trinh Van Thao and al., ''Actualité de la dialectique'', Colloque du Centre universitaire de recherche sociologique d'Amiens, Chantilly, septembre 1977; Paris, Éditions Anthropos, 1980. * ''Mannheim et le marxisme hongrois'', Paris, Méridiens-Klincksieck, « Sociétés », 1987. * ''Réflexions sur l'avenir des juifs : racisme et aliénation'', Paris, Méridiens-Klincksieck, 1987. * ''Études dialectiques'', Paris, Méridiens-Klincksieck, 1990. * ''Mensonge et maladie mentale'', Paris, Éditions Allia, 1995. * "Communisme et dialectique". In: Revue Les Lettres Nouvelles, 6eme année, Avril 1958, n° 59. * "La crise du marxisme et la psychologie". In: Revue Arguments. Revue trimestrielle, Les Editions de Minuit, n° 18, 1960 theme l'homme probleme: anthropologie, marxisme, psychanalyse. * "Sur Marxisme, anarchisme, psychologie sociale". In: Revue Arguments. Revue trimestrielle, Les Editions de Minuit, numéro 25–26, 1er et 2e trimestres 1962, theme la question politique (I). * "Valeur clinique du test de Szondi". Psyché (Paris), Revue Internationale des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Psychanalyse, 1951. * "Racisme et Aliénation,” in ''Praxis International'', Vol. II, No. 4, January, 1983.

Publications in English

* ''False consciousness : an essay on reification''. Translated from the French by Margaret A. Thompson with the assistance of Kenneth A. Thompson; introduction by Kenneth A. Thompson. Oxford : Blackwell, 1975. * ''Karl Mannheim and Hungarian Marxism''. Translated by William M. Stein and James McCrate. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, c1991. * ''Ideologies and the corruption of thought'' (ed. & introd. by Alan Sica). New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 1997. * "Hungarian Marxism." In: Telos, Number 25 (Fall 1975)
Telos Press
* "Utopian and False Consciousness." In: Telos, Number 29 (Fall 1976)
Telos Press

Notes and references

External links

*
Biographical note, fonds Joseph Gabel
*
Books published at Klincksieck
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gabel, Joseph 1912 births 2004 deaths 20th-century Hungarian philosophers Hungarian sociologists French sociologists French psychiatrists Marxist theorists 20th-century French philosophers French male writers Hungarian emigrants to France

Publications in French

Publications in English

See also

Notes and references

External links