Josef Andreas Jungmann, SJ (16 November 1889 – 26 January 1975) was a prominent

Jesuit The Society of Jesus (; abbreviation: S.J. or SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( ; ), is a religious order (Catholic), religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rom ...

priest and

liturgist Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and participation in the sacred through activities reflecting praise, thanksgiving, remembra ...

. He was an influential advocate of the

Liturgical Movement The Liturgical Movement was a 19th-century and 20th-century movement of scholarship for the reform of worship. It began in the Catholic Church and spread to many other Christian churches including the Anglican Communion, Lutheran and some other Pro ...

, and is known for his 2-volume history ''Mass of the Roman Rite'', which contributed to informing the reforms to the

Mass Mass is an Intrinsic and extrinsic properties, intrinsic property of a physical body, body. It was traditionally believed to be related to the physical quantity, quantity of matter in a body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physi ...

during and following the

Second Vatican Council The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the or , was the 21st and most recent ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. The council met each autumn from 1962 to 1965 in St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City for session ...

, as well as his work in the post-Vatican II

catechetical Catechesis (; from Greek: , "instruction by word of mouth", generally "instruction") is basic Christian religious education of children and adults, often from a catechism book. It started as education of converts to Christianity, but as t ...

movement in the

Catholic Church The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

Life

Jungmann studied in

Brixen Brixen (; , ; or , ) is a town and communes of Italy, commune in South Tyrol, northern Italy, located about north of Bolzano. Geography Brixen is the third-largest city and oldest town in the province, with a population of nearly twenty-three t ...

Innsbruck Innsbruck (; ) is the capital of Tyrol (federal state), Tyrol and the List of cities and towns in Austria, fifth-largest city in Austria. On the Inn (river), River Inn, at its junction with the Wipptal, Wipp Valley, which provides access to the ...

Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...

, and

Vienna Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. ...

and was ordained a

priest A priest is a religious leader authorized to perform the sacred rituals of a religion, especially as a mediatory agent between humans and one or more deity, deities. They also have the authority or power to administer religious rites; in parti ...

in 1913. After several years of pastoral service as vicar in the parishes of Niedervintl (1913-1915) and Gossensass (1915-1917) he entered the novitiate of the Society of Jesus on 23 September 1917 in St. Andrä in

Carinthia Carinthia ( ; ; ) is the southernmost and least densely populated States of Austria, Austrian state, in the Eastern Alps, and is noted for its mountains and lakes. The Lake Wolayer is a mountain lake on the Carinthian side of the Carnic Main ...

, Austria. In 1918 he took up studies at the Jesuit theologate of Innsbruck, earning the degree

Doctor of Theology Doctor of Theology (, abbreviated DTh, ThD, DTheol, or Dr. theol.) is a terminal degree in the academic discipline of theology. The ThD, like the ecclesiastical Doctor of Sacred Theology, is an advanced research degree equivalent to the Doctor o ...

in 1923. From 1923 to 1925 he taught in Munich and Vienna. During his pastoral ministry, he would later come to believe that there was a gap between the "joyful faith" of the Gospel and the "legalistic" approach to the faith of the parishioners, a situation that he felt was a burden. From 1925 he gave lectures on

pedagogy Pedagogy (), most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political, and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy, taken ...

, catechetics, and

liturgy Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group. As a religious phenomenon, liturgy represents a communal response to and participation in the sacred through activities reflecting praise, thanksgiving, remembra ...

at the

University of Innsbruck The University of Innsbruck (; ) is a public research university in Innsbruck, the capital of the Austrian federal state of Tyrol (state), Tyrol, founded on October 15, 1669. It is the largest education facility in the Austrian States of Austria, ...

. There he became an extraordinary professor in 1930, a full professor in 1934, and an honorary professor for

pastoral theology Pastoral theology is the branch of practical theology concerned with the application of the study of religion in the context of regular church ministry. This approach to theology seeks to give practical expression to theology. Normally viewed as ...

from 1956. On 9 November 1972 he was awarded the honorary doctorate of the

University of Salzburg The University of Salzburg (, ), also known as the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (''Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg'', PLUS), is an Austrian public university in Salzburg, Salzburg municipality, Salzburg (federal state), Salzburg State, ...

. He was an important advocate and theorist for the

, advocating an "active participation" of the faithful in the liturgy, and conducted research on liturgical history, particularly on the changes in the

over the centuries. During the Second World War he lived in Austria, where he carried on research for his main, 2-volume work ''The Mass of the Roman Rite: Its Origins and Development,'' published in 1948. It became a reference book on the history of the Roman liturgical rite of the Catholic Church. Among other things, his book argued that the

Roman Rite The Roman Rite () is the most common ritual family for performing the ecclesiastical services of the Latin Church, the largest of the ''sui iuris'' particular churches that comprise the Catholic Church. The Roman Rite governs Rite (Christianity) ...

had undergone frequent changes over the centuries and was not immutable. Jungmann was an influential architect of the liturgical reform of the

, in which he participated as a member of the Preparatory Commissiona in 1960, a

peritus ''Peritus'' (Latin for "expert"; plural ''periti'') is the title given to Roman Catholic theologians attending an ecumenical council to give advice. At the Second Vatican Council (also known as 'Vatican II'), some ''periti'' accompanied indivi ...

for the Commission for Liturgy, and from 1962 a consultor for the Consilium, the commission entrusted with the implementation of ''

Sacrosanctum Concilium ''Sacrosanctum Concilium'', the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, is one of the constitutions of the Second Vatican Council. It was approved by the assembled bishops by a vote of 2,147 to 4 and promulgated by Pope Paul VI on 4 December 1963. T ...

''. Jungmann is also noted for his contribution to the field of Catholic catechetics with his name being synonymous with the "kerygmatic renewal." He argued that liturgy and catechetics were joined in early church practice, as in

Orthodox church Orthodox Church may refer to: * Eastern Orthodox Church, the second-largest Christian church in the world * Oriental Orthodox Churches, a branch of Eastern Christianity * Orthodox Presbyterian Church, a confessional Presbyterian denomination loc ...

practice through the centuries. The teacher of catechetics Johann Höfinger was among his students. From 1927-1963 Jungmann was the chief editor of the ''

Zeitschrift für katholische Theologie The ''Zeitschrift für katholische Theologie'' was a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1877 at the Faculty of Theology at the University of Innsbruck. It was associated with the Society of Jesus. The journal published its last ...

.'' In 2001, Jungmann's home town Sand in Taufers named the new public library after him.Website of the Public Library Sand i. Taufers: YES Jungmann (with painted portrait)
/ref>

Works

* '' The Gospel and our Faith.'' Pustet, Regensburg, 1936 * '' The liturgical celebration''. Pustet, Regensburg, 1939 * ''Christ as the center of religious education''. Herder, Freiburg, 1939 * ''Liturgy''. Rauch, Innsbruck. 1941 * '' The Eucharist''. Herder, Vienna, 1946 * '' Missarum Sollemnia. A genetic explanation of the Roman Mass '' (2 volumes). Herder, Vienna. First edition, 1948; 2nd Edition, 1949, 5th edition, Herder, Vienna-Freiburg-Basel, and Nova & Vetera, Bonn, 1962, * '' Liturgical renewal. Retrospect and Prospect''. Butzon and Bercker, Kevelaer, 1962, Vol. 29 * '' The worship of the Church. On the background of his history briefly explained.'' Tyrolia, Innsbruck-Vienna-Munich 3rd ed., 1962 * '' Liturgy of the Christian Early Period up to Gregor the Great ''. University of Freiburg, Switzerland * 'Christian prayer in change and existence' '. Publisher Ars Sacra, Munich, 1969, in ''Live and Believe'' series * ''Mass in the people of God. A post conciliar view through Missarum Sollemnia.'' Herder, Friborg-Basel-Vienna, 1970 * "Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy". In H. Vorgrimler, ''Commentary on the Documents of Vatican II'', Vol 1. Burns & Oates, London and Herder & Herder, New York, pp. 1–80, 1966

Biographies

* Balthasar Fischer and Hans Bernhard Meyer (Hrsg.): ''J.A. Jungmann. A life for liturgy and kerygma''. Tyrolia, Innsbruck et al., 1975, . * Hans Bernhard Meyer SJ: '' The theological profile of Josef Andreas Jungmann, SJ (16 November 1889 to 26 January 1975)'', in '' Liturgical Yearbook '', 39 (1989), pp. 195–205. * Rudolf Pacik: '' "Load of the day" or "spiritual food"? The

Liturgy of the Hours The Liturgy of the Hours (), Divine Office (), or ''Opus Dei'' ("Work of God") are a set of Catholic prayers comprising the canonical hours, often also referred to as the breviary, of the Latin Church. The Liturgy of the Hours forms the official ...

in the work of Josef Andreas Jungmann and in the official reforms of

Pius XII Pope Pius XII (; born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli; 2 March 18769 October 1958) was the head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 until his death on 9 October 1958. He is the most recent p ...

Up to

Vatican II The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, commonly known as the or , was the 21st and most recent Catholic ecumenical councils, ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. The council met each autumn from 1962 to 1965 in St. Peter's Basilic ...

''. Studies on Pastoral Liturgy, 12, Regensburg 1997 (Habilitationsschrift of 1995, slightly reworked for printing). *
Joanne M. Pierce and Michael Downey (eds.) (1999). ''Source and Summit: Commemorating Josef A. Jungmann, S.J.''
Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press. .

References

External links

Talbot School of Theology: Catholic Educators: Josef A. Jungmann

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jungmann, Josef Andreas Academic staff of the University of Innsbruck 20th-century Austrian Jesuits 20th-century Austrian Roman Catholic theologians Austrian male writers Germanophone Italian people 1889 births 1975 deaths Catholic liturgy People from Sand in Taufers