Jorge Loring Martinez (Málaga, Spain, October 12, 1889 Charles Henry Pope
''Loring Genealogy'' (1917), p.313
/ref> – Madrid, Spain, September 22, 1936) was a Spanish engineer and entrepreneur, pioneer of civil aviation in that country, and considered by the Spanish Patent Office one of their great inventors. Grandson of businessman and politician Jorge Loring y Oyarzábal, he was born into a wealthy family which from the beginning of the century was dedicated to banking, mining, steel and railways.

Education and early career

In 1912 he graduated in Madrid as a civil engineer. In 1916 he joined the administration and was assigned to the Head of Public Works, Ciudad Real, but soon asked for leave to pursue his true calling: aviation. That same year he received the degree of airplane pilot in the National School of Aeronautics, established in Madrid, and acquired an aircraft (type Blériot) made in Spain that tore shortly after landing. In 1917 he became a coach at Casa Pujol, Comabella y Cia. In

Barcelona Barcelona ( ; ; ) is a city on the northeastern coast of Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second-most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within c ...

, he was owner of an airline pilot school in El Prat de Llobregat and some workshops for building cars and planes.

Partnership

In 1919, he with a mechanical genius and Argentinian inventor Raul Pateras Pescara Castelluccio, formed a partnership to operate Helicopteracion Pateras Pescara. They received a delegation from France of the French Aerospace Technical Services in 1921.

Air Service

In 1920, he obtained the concession air postal service between

Seville Seville ( ; , ) is the capital and largest city of the Spain, Spanish autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Andalusia and the province of Seville. It is situated on the lower reaches of the Guadalquivir, River Guadalquivir, ...

and

Larache Larache () is a city in northwestern Morocco. It is on the Moroccan coast, where the Loukkos River meets the Atlantic Ocean. Larache is one of the most important cities of the Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region. Many civilisations and cultures have ...

(

Morocco Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to Algeria–Morocc ...

), and after leaving Casa Pujol created in 1921 the Spanish Air Traffic Company (CETA), the first Spanish passenger civil

airline An airline is a company that provides civil aviation, air transport services for traveling passengers or freight (cargo). Airlines use aircraft to supply these services and may form partnerships or Airline alliance, alliances with other airlines ...

. Jorge Loring exploited the concession of the line until it was integrated with other airlines to form a joint monopoly called CLASSA ''(Concesionaria de Líneas Aéreas Subvencionadas)'', which was replaced by

LAPE LAPE, Spanish Postal Airlines ''(Líneas Aéreas Postales Españolas)'', was Spain's national airline during the Second Spanish Republic. History LAPE, often also spelt L.A.P.E. and colloquially known as ''"Las LAPE"'', replaced CLASSA (''Com ...

''(Líneas Aéreas Postales Españolas)'' in April 1932. In 1922, he established a private school for pilots in Carabanchel (Madrid) and was named manager of a

blimp A non-rigid airship, commonly called a blimp (Help:IPA/English, /blɪmp/), is an airship (dirigible) without an internal structural framework or a keel. Unlike semi-rigid airship, semi-rigid and rigid airships (e.g. Zeppelins), blimps rely on th ...

for travel between

and

Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, controlled by the government of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Argentina. It is located on the southwest of the Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires is classified as an Alpha− glob ...

Aircraft manufacturer

The following year, Jorge Loring Martinez created the company ''

Talleres Loring Talleres Loring (Loring Workshops) was a Spanish aeronautical company founded by engineer and entrepreneur Jorge Loring after moving to Madrid. History A predecessor company, Loring Pujol y Cia, had been founded in Barcelona by Jorge Loring ...

'' (Loring Workshops), located in

Cuatro Vientos Cuatro Vientos is an administrative neighborhood () of Madrid belonging to the district of Latina. Geography Cuatro Vientos is situated in the south-western area of central Madrid, close to the motorways A5 and M40 and to the homonymous airpor ...

, (Madrid), which began manufacturing military aircraft beginning with

Fokker C.IV The Fokker C.IV is a 1920s Netherlands, Dutch two-seat reconnaissance aircraft that was designed and built by Fokker. Design and development The C.IV was developed from the earlier Fokker C.I, C.I but it was a larger and more robust aircraft. ...

planes. Later ''Talleres Loring'' would build some of

Juan de la Cierva Juan de la Cierva y Codorníu, 1st Count of la Cierva (; 21 September 1895 – 9 December 1936), was a Spanish civil engineer, pilot and a self-taught aeronautical engineer. His most famous accomplishment was the invention in 1920 of a rotorcr ...

autogyro An autogyro (from Greek and , "self-turning"), gyroscope, gyrocopter or gyroplane, is a class of rotorcraft that uses an unpowered rotor in free autorotation to develop lift. A gyroplane "means a rotorcraft whose rotors are not engine-d ...

prototypes,Jorge Loring: vuelo por todo lo alto
/ref> such as the Cierva C.7 and Cierva C.12, as well as the Loring R-1, the Loring R-2 and the

Loring R-3 __NOTOC__ The Loring R-III or R-3 was a 1920s Spanish two-seat sesquiplane reconnaissance and light attack aircraft designed by engineer Eduardo Barrón and built by Dr. Jorge Loring's company — '' Talleres Loring''. Operational history In th ...

airplanes. Overwhelmed by the large financial cost of its projects, in 1931 Jorge Loring rejoined the government service. Three years later he was bailed out by his brother and founded

Aeronáutica Industrial S.A. Aeronáutica Industrial S.A. is a Spanish aeronautical company. The predecessor company, ''Talleres Loring'' had been founded by Jorge Loring Martinez, Jorge Loring in 1923. History The predecessor company was founded by Jorge Loring Martinez ...

(AISA) to manufacture airplanes and aircraft for military use.

War and death

Holding a

monarchist Monarchism is the advocacy of the system of monarchy or monarchical rule. A monarchist is an individual who supports this form of government independently of any specific monarch, whereas one who supports a particular monarch is a royalist. C ...

and conservative ideology, at the outbreak of the

Spanish Civil War The Spanish Civil War () was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republican faction (Spanish Civil War), Republicans and the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists. Republicans were loyal to the Left-wing p ...

he initially sought the protection of the British Embassy. However, he kept his business going, attending daily to their offices in Carabanchel, the place where he would be shot in November 1936.

Aviation patents

Jorge Loring registered aviation-oriented patents on seven occasions, (pat. No. 56 912), in 1913, and (pat. No. 85 802), in 1923. Other patents (between 1918 and 1919) made reference to engines and propellers (pats. No. 68,049, No. 70,669, No. 70,908, No. 71,433, No. 71,484).

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Loring Martinez, Jorge 1889 births 1936 deaths Engineers from Madrid 20th-century Spanish engineers 20th-century Spanish businesspeople Aeronautical engineers Spanish aviation pioneers Spanish scientists Aircraft designers Spanish inventors