Jorge Enrique Galán is an

Argentinian Argentines, Argentinians or Argentineans are people from Argentina. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural. For most Argentines, several (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their ...

American American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, p ...

microbiologist who specializes in infectious disease, bacterial

pathogenesis In pathology, pathogenesis is the process by which a disease or disorder develops. It can include factors which contribute not only to the onset of the disease or disorder, but also to its progression and maintenance. The word comes . Descript ...

including

Salmonella ''Salmonella'' is a genus of bacillus (shape), rod-shaped, (bacillus) Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The two known species of ''Salmonella'' are ''Salmonella enterica'' and ''Salmonella bongori''. ''S. enterica'' ...

Research

Galán started his career as an associate professor at

SUNY Stony Brook Stony Brook University (SBU), officially the State University of New York at Stony Brook, is a public research university in Stony Brook, New York, United States, on Long Island. Along with the University at Buffalo, it is one of the State Univ ...

in the Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology. In 1998, Galan joined the

Yale University Yale University is a Private university, private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut, United States. Founded in 1701, Yale is the List of Colonial Colleges, third-oldest institution of higher education in the United Stat ...

faculty. He runs the Galán Laboratory at

Yale University School of Medicine The Yale School of Medicine is the medical school of Yale University, a private research university in New Haven, Connecticut. It was founded in 1810 as the Medical Institution of Yale College and formally opened in 1813. It is the sixth-oldest m ...

which studies the "molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of

and

Campylobacter ''Campylobacter'' is a type of bacteria that can cause a diarrheal disease in people. Its name means "curved bacteria", as the germ typically appears in a comma or "s" shape. According to its scientific classification, it is a genus of gram-negat ...

". Galan's lab takes

a multidisciplinary approach that include bacterial genetics, animal models, cell biology, immunology, and structural biology approaches.
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aim to define the functional and...the atomic interface between these pathogens and their hosts and...to provide the bases for the development of novel prevention and therapeutic strategies to combat infectious diseases that are a global public health concern.

Galan discovered that certain microbes use a molecular machine called a

type III secretion system The type III secretion system (T3SS or TTSS) is one of the bacterial secretion systems used by bacteria to secrete their effector proteins into the host's cells to promote virulence and colonisation. While the type III secretion system has been ...

(

T3SS The type III secretion system (T3SS or TTSS) is one of the bacterial secretion systems used by bacteria to secrete their effector proteins into the host's cells to promote virulence and colonisation. While the type III secretion system has be ...

, large, needle-like complexes of more than 30 proteins) to infect and replicate within

eukaryotic cells The eukaryotes ( ) constitute the domain of Eukaryota or Eukarya, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, seaweeds, and many unicellular organisms are eukaryotes. They constitute a major group of li ...

. A number of disease-causing

Gram-negative bacteria Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the Crystal violet, crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelo ...

, including ''

'', ''

Shigella ''Shigella'' is a genus of bacteria that is Gram negative, facultatively anaerobic, non–spore-forming, nonmotile, rod shaped, and is genetically nested within ''Escherichia''. The genus is named after Kiyoshi Shiga, who discovered it in 1 ...

'', ''

Yersinia ''Yersinia'' is a genus of bacteria in the family Yersiniaceae. ''Yersinia'' species are Gram-negative, coccobacilli bacteria, a few micrometers long and fractions of a micrometer in diameter, and are facultative anaerobes. Some members of '' ...

'', and ''

Chlamydia Chlamydia, or more specifically a chlamydia infection, is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium ''Chlamydia trachomatis''. Most people who are infected have no symptoms. When symptoms do appear, they may occur only several w ...

'', also deploy T3SSs, which makes the system a potential therapeutic target for the next generation of antibiotics.'

Galan’s lab features a cross-disciplinary approach to understanding an essential feature of the pathogenicity of Salmonella and Campylobacter — i.e., the ability of host cell and pathogen to engage in a two-way biochemical interaction, or cross talk. Understanding these mechanism has already led to the identification of several ways to intervene in infections of these bacteria, which cause millions of illnesses each year.

He is the Lucille P. Markey professor of Microbial Pathogenesis at Yale School of Medicine.

Awards

Member, National Academy of Medicine, USA (2019) MERIT Award National Institutes of Health (2015) Member, National Academy of Sciences USA (2012)

Robert Koch Prize The Robert Koch Medal and Award are two prizes awarded annually by the German for excellence in the biomedical sciences. These awards grew out of early attempts by German physician Robert Koch to generate funding to support his research into the ...

, Robert Koch Foundation 2011 Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (2011) Alexander M. Cruickshank Award. Grodon Research Conferences (2010) ISI Highly cited researcher in Microbiology (2009) Member, German Academy of Science Leopoldina (2009) Senior Scholar Award in Global Infectious Diseases,

Ellison Medical Foundation The Ellison Medical Foundation, a 501(c)(3) Private Nonoperating Foundation, was founded in 1997 and is located in Bethesda, Maryland. The foundation supported research in the following discipline areas: biomedical research on aging, age-related ...

2004 Hans-Sigrist Prize, Hans-Sigrist-Foundation, Berne, Switzerland (2002) MERIT Award, National Institutes of Health (2000) Searle-Chicago Community Trust Scholar (1991) Sinsheimer Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences, Sinsheimer Foundation (1991) Pew Scholar in the Biomedical Sciences,

Pew Foundation The Pew Charitable Trusts is an independent non-profit, non-governmental organization (NGO), founded in 1948. Pew's stated mission is to serve the public interest by "improving public policy, informing the public, and invigorating civic life". ...

(1990)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Galan, Jorge, E. Year of birth missing (living people) Living people American bacteriologists 21st-century Argentine biologists Argentine veterinarians Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences Cornell University alumni National University of La Plata alumni Washington University in St. Louis fellows Yale School of Medicine faculty Argentine microbiologists Members of the National Academy of Medicine