Jonê County (also ''Cone'', ''Chone'', ''Choni''; ; local pronunciation: /tɕɔ^Ln�

zh, s=卓尼县, p=Zhuōní Xiàn) is a County (People's Republic of China), county in the

Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture ( zh, c=甘南藏族自治州, p=Gānnán Zàngzú Zìzhìzhōu; ) is an autonomous prefecture in southern Gansu Province, China, bordering Linxia to the north, Dingxi to the northeast, Longnan to the east ...

Gansu Province Gansu is a provinces of China, province in Northwestern China. Its capital and largest city is Lanzhou, in the southeastern part of the province. The seventh-largest administrative district by area at , Gansu lies between the Tibetan Plateau, Ti ...

, China. Its postal code is 747600. Its area is , and its population is over 100,000 people. It is administered from Liulin.Dorje (2009), p. 812.

Description

The county covers both banks of the middle section of the Lu-chu. The country town and adjacent Jonê Monastery are on the north bank. The side valleys on the southern side used to be branches of the ancient kingdom of Jonê.

Historical Tibetan Jonê Kingdom

Among Tibetan at Amdo, Jonê exist the Jonê Kingdom (, zh, c=卓尼土司, p=Zhuóní Tǔsī), ruled by the Tibetan Ga clan or Mandarin Chinese Yang () clan, was a

Tusi ''Tusi'', often translated as "headmen" or "chieftains", were hereditary tribal leaders recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties of China, and the Later Lê and Nguyễn dynasties of Vietnam. They ruled certain ...

chiefdom kingdom called Zhouni Kingdom, Choni Kingdom, or Jonê Kingdom ruled by the Gatsang (dga' tshang) family at Tibet. In 1404, whereupon they informed the Ming Emperor Yongle of this fact and were recognized as local rulers, and were given a seal of authority and the surname Yang (). The Yangs ruled Jonê from 1404 until 1949.Tibetan Historical Polities

, retrieved 19 Aug 2017

List of Kings of Jonê

There are list kings of Jonê Kingdom:Buddhist Digital Resource Center

retrieved 19 Aug 2017 # # # # # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Hóng , s=杨洪 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Zhēn , s=杨臻 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Kuímíng , s=杨葵明 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Guólóng , s=杨国龙 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Cháoliáng , s=杨朝梁 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Wēi , s=杨威 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Rǔsōng , s=杨汝松 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Chōngxiāo , s=杨冲霄 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Zhāo , s=杨昭 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Shēng , s=杨声 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Zōngyè , s=杨宗业 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Zōngjī , s=杨宗基 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Yuán , s=杨元 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Zuòlín , s=杨作霖 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Jīqìng , s=杨积庆 # named zh, labels=no , p=Yáng Fùxīng , s=杨复兴

History

:"There are traditions of Tibetan soldiers left behind fter the late 10th centuryat several border outposts, such as Jonê, where they established viable settlements, and of the remaining Tibetan conscript troops, called the Wun Mo, carving out considerable territory for themselves until they were perhaps absorbed into that amalgam of people of Tibetan stock, which came to form the Hsi Hsia Kingdom (982—1224)." Jonê was part of a separate kingdom formed, according to legend, after its invasion by warriors who migrated across the mountains from

Sichuan Sichuan is a province in Southwestern China, occupying the Sichuan Basin and Tibetan Plateau—between the Jinsha River to the west, the Daba Mountains to the north, and the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau to the south. Its capital city is Cheng ...

conquering the local tribes in 1404. The contemporary descendants of the Jonê royal line claim that their line is Tibetan, and that their ancestors migrated from central Tibet through Sichuan. The

Yongle Emperor The Yongle Emperor (2 May 1360 – 12 August 1424), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Chengzu of Ming, personal name Zhu Di, was the third List of emperors of the Ming dynasty, emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1402 to 142 ...

(May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424) named one of these invading warriors hereditary chief (''

tusi ''Tusi'', often translated as "headmen" or "chieftains", were hereditary tribal leaders recognized as imperial officials by the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties of China, and the Later Lê and Nguyễn dynasties of Vietnam. They ruled certain ...

'') called Zhouni Tusi (), bestowing the family name of "Yang" ("") and an imperial seal upon his line. The Jonê king (co-ne rgyal-po) established a palace on the north bank of the

Tao River Tao River, Taohe River () or Lu Chu () is a right tributary of China's Yellow River. It starts in Xiqing Mountains () near the Gansu– Qinghai border, flows eastward across Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and then northward more or les ...

. The family holding the Yang seal continued to rule over 48 Tibetan clans in Jonê as an autonomous kingdom from the early 15th century for 23 generations, until 1928, when it was placed under the control of the

Lanzhou Lanzhou is the capital and largest city of Gansu province in northwestern China. Located on the banks of the Yellow River, it is a key regional transportation hub, connecting areas further west by rail to the eastern half of the country. His ...

government. In the late Qing Dynasty and Republican Period, many nomadic regions had considerable ''de facto'' independence, despite the claims and perspective of the Chinese rulers. Among the six monasteries in the county, all of them Tibetan Geluk establishments, is the great Jonê Monastery. The American botanist

Joseph Rock Joseph Francis Charles Rock (1884 – 1962) was an Austrian-American botanist, List of explorers, explorer, geographer, linguistics, linguist, ethnographer and photographer. Life Josef Franz Karl Rock was born in Vienna, Austria, the son of a s ...

spent almost 2 years in Jonê ("Choni", in his spelling) in 1925–26. He resided in the compound of the local chief (the 19th-generation ''

'' Yang Jiqing ()), making it the base for his exploration of southern Gansu and eastern

Qinghai Qinghai is an inland Provinces of China, province in Northwestern China. It is the largest provinces of China, province of China (excluding autonomous regions) by area and has the third smallest population. Its capital and largest city is Xin ...

. His account of the culture of this "almost unknown Tibetan principality", as he described it, illustrated with color photographs, was published in the ''

National Geographic ''National Geographic'' (formerly ''The National Geographic Magazine'', sometimes branded as ''Nat Geo'') is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners. The magazine was founded in 1888 as a scholarly journal, nine ...

''.Michael Woodhead, ''In the footsteps of Joseph Rock''. Chapter 10,
Seeking the Mountains of Mystery: Travels to Choni and Amnye Machen
. As of 2012, Jonê was apparently closed to foreign visitors.

Administrative divisions

Jonê County is divided to 11

towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

, 3 townships and 1 ethnic township.

Climate

Footnotes

References

*Cabot, Mabel H. (2003). ''Vanished Kingdoms: A Woman Explorer in Tibet, China & Mongolia, 1921-1925'', pp. 148–157. Aperture Publishers in association with the Peabody Museum, Harvard. . *Dorje, Gyurme (2009). ''Footprint Tibet Handbook''. Footprint Publications, Bath, England. . *Ekvall, Robert B. (1939). "Cultural Relations on the Kansu-Tibetan Border", University of Chicago.
China County & City Population 1999 FAQ
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jone County County-level divisions of Gansu Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture