Jonathan P. Jackson
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Jonathan Peter Jackson (June 23, 1953 – August 7, 1970) was an American militant activist who died of gunshot wounds sustained during an armed invasion of the
Marin County Civic Center The Marin County Civic Center, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, is located in San Rafael, California, the county seat of Marin County, California, United States. Groundbreaking for the Civic Center Administration Building took place in 1960, aft ...
. The action was initiated to demand the freedom of the jailed
Soledad Brothers The Soledad Brothers were three inmates charged with the murder of a prison guard, John Vincent Mills, at California's Soledad State Prison on January 16, 1970. George Jackson, Fleeta Drumgo, and John Clutchette were alleged to have murdered M ...
, including Jackson's brother
George George may refer to: Names * George (given name) * George (surname) People * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Papagheorghe, also known as Jorge / GEØRGE * George, stage name of Gior ...
. At age 17, Jackson overpowered a Marin County courtroom at gunpoint, taking Superior Court Judge
Harold Haley Harold Joseph Haley (November 14, 1904 – August 7, 1970) was an American judge. He was a Superior Court judge in Marin County, California. He was taken hostage in his courtroom, along with several others, during the course of a trial, and was k ...
, prosecutor Gary W. Thomas, and three jurors hostage. In the ensuing shootout, Jackson and Judge Haley were killed, along with two inmates already in the courtroom, who had readily joined the attack; prosecutor Thomas was paralyzed and one juror was seriously injured. The guns that Jackson used were registered to political activist
Angela Davis Angela Yvonne Davis (born January 26, 1944) is an American Marxist and feminist political activist, philosopher, academic, and author. She is Distinguished Professor Emerita of Feminist Studies and History of Consciousness at the University of ...
, who at the time was leading the Soledad Brothers Defense Committee. Davis stood trial for alleged involvement in the courtroom raid and kidnapping, and was acquitted of all charges in June 1972.


Personal life

Jackson was the youngest of five children born to Lester Jackson and Georgia Bea Jackson. Raised in
Pasadena, California Pasadena ( ) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States, northeast of downtown Los Angeles. It is the most populous city and the primary cultural center of the San Gabriel Valley. Old Pasadena is the city's original commerci ...
, he attended St. Andrew's School from 1965 to 1967 for grades seven and eight, La Salle High School for ninth grade (1967–68), and then Blair High School for his junior school level study. Jackson worked closely with Angela Davis in the Soledad Brothers Committee and Davis eventually considered Jackson to be like a blood brother.


Political activism


Black Panthers

George Jackson's posthumously published 1972 book ''
Blood in My Eye ''Blood in My Eye'' is the fifth studio album by American rapper Ja Rule, released on November 4, 2003, by Murder Inc., Island Def Jam Music Group and Def Jam. The album was originally planned to be released as a mixtape. The release took place ...
'' includes passages that he attributed to his younger brother Jonathan. These passages figure prominently in the development of the elder Jackson's theory of revolutionary praxis.


Soledad Brothers Defense Committee

Jonathan worked tirelessly to free the Soledad Brothers. Angela Davis said about him in her autobiography: "Jonathan only wanted to talk about George. All of his interests, all of his activities were bound up in some way with his brother in Soledad." George had recommended to Davis that Jonathan do work for the Soledad Brothers Defense Committee (SBDC). Jonathan was considered a talented writer and the committee was in need of good writers. Many of the materials produced by the SBDC were the result of Jonathan's efforts.


Marin County incident

On August 7, 1970, Jackson brought a satchel containing three firearms, registered to Davis, into the
Marin County Marin County ( ) is a county located in the northwestern part of the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California. As of the 2020 census, the population was 262,231. Its county seat and largest city is San Rafael. Marin County is ac ...
Hall of Justice, where Judge Haley was presiding over the trial of
San Quentin San Quentin Rehabilitation Center (SQ), formerly known as San Quentin State Prison, is a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state prison for men, located north of San Francisco in the unincorporated place of San Quentin in ...
inmate James McClain. Once inside Judge Haley's courtroom, Jackson drew a revolver and, aided by McClain and Black Panther inmates Ruchell Cinque Magee and William Arthur Christmas, took Judge Haley as well as Deputy District Attorney Gary Thomas and three female jurors hostage. They encouraged responding journalists to document their actions as they loaded the hostages into a rented van. Responding San Quentin prison guards fired on the van that Jackson was driving as they attempted to escape. During the shootout, Jonathan Jackson, Christmas, McClain, and Judge Haley were killed, while Magee and Deputy District Attorney Thomas were seriously injured. Jackson's son, Jonathan Jackson Jr., was born eight and a half months after his father's death. A monument on the premises to Judge Haley was the target of a follow-up attack perpetrated by the
Weather Underground The Weather Underground was a far-left Marxist militant organization first active in 1969, founded on the Ann Arbor campus of the University of Michigan. Originally known as the Weathermen, or simply Weatherman, the group was organized as a f ...
terrorist network in October of the same year.


Legacy

When George Jackson's book '' Soledad Brother'' was published in October 1970, it included a dedication to Jonathan: Jonathan Jackson Jr. wrote the foreword to the 1994 reissue of ''Soledad Brother''. In October 1975, the Marxist militant group Sam Melville-Jonathan Jackson Unit (later renamed the United Freedom Front) was founded.


Popular culture


Music

*
Nas Nas (born 1973) is the stage name of American rapper Nasir Jones. Nas, NaS, or NAS may also refer to: Aviation * Nasair, a low-cost airline carrier and subsidiary based in Eritrea * National Air Services, an airline in Saudi Arabia ** Nas Air (S ...
pays tribute to George and Jonathan Jackson in his song "Testify" from his untitled album. *
Hasan Salaam Hasan Salaam (born January 12, 1981) is an American rapper and sex educator born in New York City and raised in New Jersey. His lyrics touch on such subjects as "post-colonial exploitation of African (hip-hop) culture", "the African diaspora". ...
references to George and Jonathan Jackson in the song "Get High Riddum" on the album ''Tales of the Lost Tribe: Hidden Jewels'' (i.e. ''"I fight for my freedom like George and John Jackson"''). *
Dead Prez Dead Prez (stylized in lowercase) is an American hip hop duo composed of M-1 and stic.man, formed in 1996 in New York City. They are known for their confrontational style, combined with lyrics focused on both militant social justice, self-de ...
mentions Jonathan Jackson in the songs "I have a dream too" and "Over" from their mixtape "Revolutionary But Gangsta Grillz " * Chris Iijima of the band, Yellow Pearl, wrote a song "Jonathan Jackson" on the album ''A Grain of Sand: Music for the Struggle by Asians in America''. *
Hussein Fatal Bruce Edward Washington Jr. (April 3, 1973July 10, 2015), better known by his stage name Hussein Fatal or sometimes as Fatal Hussein, was an American rapper, best known for his collaborative work with Tupac Shakur as a member of the rap group Ou ...
mentions George and Jonathan Jackson in the song "Dumpin'" on the posthumous
2Pac Tupac Amaru Shakur (; born Lesane Parish Crooks; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and actor, regarded as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all tim ...
album Pac's Life. *
2Pac Tupac Amaru Shakur (; born Lesane Parish Crooks; June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and actor, regarded as one of the greatest and most influential rappers of all tim ...
's song Soulja's Story on his
2Pacalypse Now ''2Pacalypse Now'' is the debut solo studio album by American rapper 2Pac. It was released on November 12, 1991, through TNT Recordings and Interscope Records, while EastWest Records America, a division of Atlantic distributed the album. The recor ...
album is a reference to George and Jonathan Jackson.


Film

*The 2007 film ''Black August'' about Jackson's elder brother
George George may refer to: Names * George (given name) * George (surname) People * George (singer), American-Canadian singer George Nozuka, known by the mononym George * George Papagheorghe, also known as Jorge / GEØRGE * George, stage name of Gior ...
also dramatizes the Marin County incident.


References


External links


FBI Docs
Jonathan Jackson FBI File {{DEFAULTSORT:Jackson, Jonathan 1953 births 1970 deaths Place of birth missing Blair High School (Pasadena, California) alumni American kidnappers Criminals from the San Francisco Bay Area Deaths by firearm in California Activists for African-American civil rights