John Percival (bishop)

John Percival (27 September 1834 – 3 December 1918) was the first headmaster of Clifton College, where he made his reputation as a great educator. In his 17 years at Clifton numbers rose to 680. He accepted the presidency of Trinity College, Oxford, to recover from his years at Clifton. It was from Trinity that he went to Rugby to become headmaster of Rugby School before becoming Bishop of Hereford.

Early life

Percival was born in Brough Sowerby, near Kirkby Stephen, Westmorland, England, and was brought up on his uncle's farm after the death of his mother when he was very young. He was educated at Appleby grammar school, before winning a scholarship to The Queen's College, Oxford, in 1854. He obtained first-class degrees in classics and mathematics and was elected to a fellowship by the college in 1858. Recuperating from overwork in Pau, France, in the following winter, he met Louisa Holland, whom he married in 1862.

Career in education

Percival was ordained deacon in 1860 and was offered a position as a master at Rugby School by the headmaster, Frederick Temple. In 1862, Percival was appointed the first headmaster of Clifton College in Bristol, on Temple's recommendation. Percival made this new school into a leading public school and he was also involved with other educational work in the city, helping to found Clifton High School for Girls (established in 1877). and University College, Bristol (1876).

Percival became President of Trinity College, Oxford, in January 1879. Although he was not always happy as a college head, he was involved in the wider work of the university, chairing the committee that established Somerville Hall in 1879 and promoting the university's adult education work.

In May 1887, Percival became headmaster of Rugby School, succeeding Thomas Jex-Blake. During his time as headmaster, he pursued a vigorous moral crusade. His leadership soon improved the prestige of the school. He attacked "idleness" and "loafing" and, concerned about "impurity", insisted that boys' football shorts should be worn below the knee and secured with elastic. He acquired the nickname "Percival of the knees" as a result.

In 1888, Percival's appointment of Marie Bethell Beauclerc to teach shorthand to classes of one hundred boys was the first appointment of a female teacher in an English boys' public school and the first time shorthand had been taught in any such school.

Bishop of Hereford

Lord Rosebery, the Prime Minister, nominated Percival to be Bishop of Hereford in January 1895. Whilst Queen Victoria was opposed to the idea, since Percival was known to favour the disestablishment of the Church in Wales, Rosebery prevailed. The congé d'élire authorising Percival's appointment passed the Great Seal of the Realm on 18 February 1895. He was consecrated into bishop's orders on Lady Day (25 March), by Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey; and he was enthroned at Hereford Cathedral on 25 April.

Percival's time in Hereford was affected by the death of his wife in 1896, and he had difficulties in administering the large rural diocese where his radical political views were often unpopular. Graham Neville characterises him as a 'Low-church Political Liberal'.; in 1901 he publicly criticised the conditions and loss of life in the concentration camps of the Second Boer War. He attracted criticism (including an excommunication by Frank Weston, the bishop of Zanzibar) when he invited nonconformists to take holy communion at Hereford Cathedral to mark the Coronation of George V. He had more success on a national level, elected president of the Educational Science section of the British Association, and championed the cause of adult education in particular – he chaired the first meeting of the Workers' Educational Association in 1903. He was elected an honorary fellow of Queen's College, Oxford in late 1902.

Percival hoped for the Archbishopric of York; indeed felt that it had been promised him, but was disappointed when Cosmo Gordon Lang was given the post in 1909.

Bishops at that time were not only lords but addressed as ‘My Lord Bishop’ and lived in accommodation like the Bishop’s Palace in Hereford. The 1901 Census of England and Wales shows Percival resident in the Palace with his wife, a chaplain and 9 servants.

Percival had been a leading figure in the Church of England Peace League so that when the First World War opened in August, 1914, he was cautious, unlike most of his contemporary bishops, about giving his backing to the War. However, the German attack on Belgium and the ‘ Belgian atrocities’ made him commit fully to supporting the British war effort. He wrote, seeking prayers throughout the diocese, ".... for the victory of our sailors and soldiers who are so bravely giving their lives in this terrible conflict, to the cause of righteousness and freedom, and to win for the various nations of Europe in the years to come, the blessings of enduring peace and Christian brotherhood." Percival would lose a son to the War as a result of shelling in November, 1914.

Percival was the godfather of William Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury 1942-4. Temple wrote Percival’s biography.

Death and burial

Percival retired to Oxford in 1917 and died the following year. He was buried in the chapel crypt of Clifton College.

Marriage and children

In 1862 he married Louisa Holland, by whom he had eight children, six of whom survived to adulthood, including:
* Launcelot Jefferson Percival, an international rugby player and later Deputy Clerk of the Closet (Domestic Chaplain to the Sovereign) to King George VI.

*Lt-Col. Arthur Jex-Blake Percival (1871–1914), Northumberland Fusiliers, youngest son, killed in action during the First World War on 31 October 1914 when the Château de Hooge, at Ypres, joint divisional headquarters of the 1st Division and 2nd Division, in which he was serving as General Staff Officer to Major General Monro, Commander of the 2nd Division and later of the 1st Army Corps, was shelled by German forces. His obituary included the following:

His first wife Louisa died in 1896, and in 1898/9 he married his second wife, Miss Mary Georgina Symonds.

See also

* Percival Guildhouse - adult education centre in Rugby named after him.

References

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*

Derek Winterbottom, ''John Percival: the Great Educator'' (Bristol Historical Association pamphlet, no. 81, 1993)

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Percival, John
1834 births
1918 deaths
People from Kirkby Stephen
Alumni of the Queen's College, Oxford
Fellows of the Queen's College, Oxford
Fellows of Trinity College, Oxford
Presidents of Trinity College, Oxford
Schoolteachers from Cumbria
Bishops of Hereford
Head Masters of Rugby School
Headmasters of Clifton College
19th-century Church of England bishops
20th-century Church of England bishops
People educated at Appleby Grammar School
People associated with Somerville College, Oxford