Rev. John Lothropp (1584–1653) — sometimes spelled Lothrop or Lathrop — was an English Anglican clergyman, who became a Congregationalist

minister Minister may refer to: * Minister (Christianity), a Christian cleric ** Minister (Catholic Church) * Minister (government), a member of government who heads a ministry (government department) ** Minister without portfolio, a member of government w ...

and emigrant to

New England New England is a region comprising six states in the Northeastern United States: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont. It is bordered by the state of New York to the west and by the Canadian province ...

. He was among the first settlers of

Barnstable, Massachusetts The Town of Barnstable ( ) is a town in the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the county seat of Barnstable County. Barnstable is the largest community, both in land area and population, on Cape Cod, and is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalit ...

. Perhaps Lothropp's principal claim to fame is that he was a strong proponent of the idea of the Separation of Church and State (also called "Freedom of Religion"). This idea was considered heretical in England during his time, but eventually became the mainstream view of people in the United States of America, because of the efforts of John Lothropp and others. Lothropp left an indelible mark on the culture of New England, and through that, upon the rest of the country. He has had many notable descendants, including at least six US presidents, as well as many other prominent Governors, government leaders, leaders of

the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, informally known as the LDS Church or Mormon Church, is a nontrinitarian Christian church that considers itself to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ. The ...

, and business people.

Biography

Early life

Lothropp was born in Etton, East Riding of Yorkshire. He was

baptised Baptism (from grc-x-koine, βάπτισμα, váptisma) is a form of ritual purification—a characteristic of many religions throughout time and geography. In Christianity, it is a Christian sacrament of initiation and adoption, almost inv ...

on 20 December 1584. He attended

Queens' College, Cambridge Queens' College is a Colleges of the University of Cambridge, constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Queens' is one of the oldest colleges of the university, founded in 1448 by Margaret of Anjou. The college spans the River Cam, c ...

, where he

matriculate Matriculation is the formal process of entering a university, or of becoming eligible to enter by fulfilling certain academic requirements such as a matriculation examination. Australia In Australia, the term "matriculation" is seldom used no ...

d in 1601, graduated with a BA in 1605, and with an MA in 1609.

Ministry and incarceration

He was ordained in the

Church of England The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britai ...

and appointed

curate A curate () is a person who is invested with the ''care'' or ''cure'' (''cura'') ''of souls'' of a parish. In this sense, "curate" means a parish priest; but in English-speaking countries the term ''curate'' is commonly used to describe clergy w ...

of a local parish in Egerton, Kent. In 1623 he renounced his orders and joined the cause of the Independents. Lothropp gained prominence in 1624, when he was called to replace Reverend

Henry Jacob Henry Jacob (1563–1624) was an English clergyman of Calvinist views, who founded a separatist congregation associated with the Brownists. Life He was the son of Kohn Jacob, yeoman, of Cheriton, Kent. He matriculated at St. Mary Hall, Oxford on ...

as the pastor of the ''First Independent Church'' in London, a congregation of sixty members which met at

Southwark Southwark ( ) is a district of Central London situated on the south bank of the River Thames, forming the north-western part of the wider modern London Borough of Southwark. The district, which is the oldest part of South London, developed ...

. Church historians sometimes call this church the Jacob-Lathrop-Jessey (JLJ) Church, named for its first three pastors,

, John Lothropp and Henry Jessey. They were forced to meet in private to avoid the scrutiny of

Bishop of London A bishop is an ordained clergy member who is entrusted with a position of Episcopal polity, authority and oversight in a religious institution. In Christianity, bishops are normally responsible for the governance of dioceses. The role or offic ...

William Laud William Laud (; 7 October 1573 – 10 January 1645) was a bishop in the Church of England. Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury by Charles I in 1633, Laud was a key advocate of Charles I's religious reforms, he was arrested by Parliament in 16 ...

. Following the group's discovery on 22 April 1632 by officers of the king, forty-two of Lothropp's Independents were arrested. Only eighteen escaped capture. The arrested were prosecuted for failure to take the

oath of loyalty An oath of allegiance is an oath whereby a subject or citizen acknowledges a duty of allegiance and swears loyalty to a monarch or a country. In modern republics, oaths are sworn to the country in general, or to the country's constitution. For ...

to the

established church A state religion (also called religious state or official religion) is a religion or creed officially endorsed by a sovereign state. A state with an official religion (also known as confessional state), while not secular, is not necessarily a ...

. Evidence gleaned by the historians Burrage and Kiffin and from the Jessey records indicate many were jailed in

The Clink The Clink was a prison in Southwark, England, which operated from the 12th century until 1780. The prison served the Liberty of the Clink, a local manor area owned by the Bishop of Winchester The Bishop of Winchester is the diocesan bi ...

prison. As for Reverend John Lothropp, the question is still unresolved. English historian

Samuel Rawson Gardiner Samuel Rawson Gardiner (4 March 1829 – 24 February 1902) was an English historian, who specialized in 17th-century English history as a prominent foundational historian of the Puritan revolution and the English Civil War. Life The son of ...

, whose book Reports of Cases in the Courts of Star Chamber and High Commission, gives an account of the courtroom trial and cites information from the trial record that the convicted dissenters were to be divided up and sent to various prisons. Historian E. B. Huntington suggests Lothropp was incarcerated in either the Clink or Newgate. Further, it may be that Lothropp actually served time in both prisons since it was customary to move prisoners from one prison to another due to space availability. In the end, the precise location of Lothropp's imprisonment is not confirmable from primary documentation. While Lothropp was in prison, his wife Hannah House became ill and died. His six surviving children were, according to tradition, left to fend for themselves

begging Begging (also panhandling) is the practice of imploring others to grant a favor, often a gift of money, with little or no expectation of reciprocation. A person doing such is called a beggar or panhandler. Beggars may operate in public place ...

for bread on the streets of London. Friends, being unable to care for his children, brought them to the Bishop who had charge of Lothropp. After about a year, all were released on bail except Lothropp, who was deemed too dangerous to be set at liberty. The Bishop ultimately released him on bond in May 1634 with the understanding that he would immediately remove to the

New World The term ''New World'' is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas."America." ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (). McArthur, Tom, ed., 1992. New York: Oxford University Press, p. ...

. Since he did not immediately leave for the New World, a court order was subsequently put out for him. Family tradition and other historical reflections indicate he then "escaped."

Emigration

Lothropp was told that he would be

pardon A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction. A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the j ...

ed upon acceptance of terms to leave England permanently with his family along with as many of his congregation members as he could take who would not accept the authority of the Church of England. Lathrop accepted the terms of the offer and left for

Plymouth, Massachusetts Plymouth (; historically known as Plimouth and Plimoth) is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. Located in Greater Boston, the town holds a place of great prominence in American history, folklore, and culture, and is known a ...

. With his group, he sailed on the ''

Griffin The griffin, griffon, or gryphon (Ancient Greek: , ''gryps''; Classical Latin: ''grȳps'' or ''grȳpus''; Late Latin, Late and Medieval Latin: ''gryphes'', ''grypho'' etc.; Old French: ''griffon'') is a legendary creature with the body, tail ...

'' and arrived in

Boston Boston (), officially the City of Boston, is the capital city, state capital and List of municipalities in Massachusetts, most populous city of the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts, as well as the cultural and financ ...

on 18 September 1634. The record found on page 71 of Governor Winthrop's Journal, quotes John Lothropp, a freeman, rejoicing in finding a "church without a bishop. . .and a state without a king." John Lothropp married Ann (surname unknown) (1616–1687).''Great Migration 1634-1635, I-L''. (Online database. AmericanAncestors.org. New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2008.) Originally published as: ''The Great Migration, Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635, Volume IV, I-L'', by Robert Charles Anderson. Boston: New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2005
John Lothrop pages 345 - 351
/ref> Lothropp did not stay in Boston long. Within days, he and his group relocated to

Scituate Scituate is the name of some communities in New England in the United States: *Brunswick, Maine, formerly named Scituate *Scituate, Massachusetts, a New England town **Scituate (CDP), Massachusetts, an area in the town of Scituate *Scituate, Rhode ...

where they "joined in covenaunt together" along with nine others who preceded them to form the "church of Christ collected att Scituate." The Congregation at Scituate was not a success.

Dissent Dissent is an opinion, philosophy or sentiment of non-agreement or opposition to a prevailing idea or policy enforced under the authority of a government, political party or other entity or individual. A dissenting person may be referred to ...

on the issue of

baptism Baptism (from grc-x-koine, βάπτισμα, váptisma) is a form of ritual purification—a characteristic of many religions throughout time and geography. In Christianity, it is a Christian sacrament of initiation and adoption, almost inv ...

as well as other unspecified grievances and the lack of good

grazing In agriculture, grazing is a method of animal husbandry whereby domestic livestock are allowed outdoors to roam around and consume wild vegetations in order to convert the otherwise indigestible (by human gut) cellulose within grass and other ...

land and

fodder Fodder (), also called provender (), is any agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, such as cattle, rabbits, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. "Fodder" refers particularly to food given to the animals (including ...

for their cattle caused the church in Scituate to split in 1638. Lothropp petitioned Governor

Thomas Prence Thomas Prence (c. 1601 – March 29, 1673) was a New England colonist who arrived in the colony of Plymouth in November 1621 on the ship ''Fortune''. In 1644 he moved to Eastham, which he helped found, returning later to Plymouth. For many years, ...

in Plymouth for a "place for the transplanting of us, to the end that God might have more glory and wee more comfort."Otis, 1888 p198 Thus as Otis says "Mr. Lothropp and a large company arrived in Barnstable, 11 October 1639 O.S., bringing with them the crops which they had raised in Scituate." There, within three years they had built homes for all the families and then Lothropp began construction on a larger, sturdier

meeting house A meeting house (meetinghouse, meeting-house) is a building where religious and sometimes public meetings take place. Terminology Nonconformist Protestant denominations distinguish between a * church, which is a body of people who believe in C ...

adjacent to Coggin's (or Cooper's) Pond, which was completed in 1644. This building, now part of the

Sturgis Library The Sturgis Library in Barnstable, Massachusetts is the oldest building that houses a public library in America. The original library building was built in 1644 as the house of Rev. John Lothropp and is the oldest building housing a public library ...

is one of John Lothrop's original homes and meeting houses, and is now also the oldest building housing a

public library A public library is a library that is accessible by the general public and is usually funded from public sources, such as taxes. It is operated by librarians and library paraprofessionals, who are also Civil service, civil servants. There are ...

in the USA.

Genealogy

Children

Lothropp married Hannah House/Howse in England, on 10 October 1610. They had eight children: # Thomas Lothropp, baptised 21 February 1612/3 in Eastwell, Kent, England, by his grandfather Rev. John Howse, parson there. Record from Bishop's Transcript records at Canterbury. # Jane Lothropp, baptised 29 September 1614 in Egerton, Kent, England; married ''

Mayflower ''Mayflower'' was an English ship that transported a group of English families, known today as the Pilgrims, from England to the New World in 1620. After a grueling 10 weeks at sea, ''Mayflower'', with 102 passengers and a crew of about 30, r ...

'' passenger Samuel Fuller (1608–1683), son of ''Mayflower'' passenger Edward Fuller (1575-1621). # Anne Lothropp, baptised 12 May 1616 in Egerton, England; buried in Egerton 30 April 1617. # John Lothropp, baptised 22 February 1617/8 in Egerton, England # Barbara Lothropp, baptised 31 October 1619 in Egerton, England # Samuel Lothropp, born about 1621 in Egerton, England # Captain Joseph Lothropp, baptised 11 April 1624 in Eastwell, Kent, England # Benjamin Lothropp, born December 1626 in Eastwell, Kent, England After Hannah's death, Lothropp married again, to Ann (surname unknown) in 1635. They had five children:

Barnabas Lothropp, baptised 6 June 1636 in
Scituate, Massachusetts Scituate () is a seacoast town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States, on the South Shore, midway between Boston and Plymouth. The population was 19,063 at the 2020 census. History The Wampanoag and their neighbors have inhabited ...
Unnamed daughter, buried 30 July 1638.
Abigail Lothropp, baptised 2 November 1639 in
Barnstable, Massachusetts The Town of Barnstable ( ) is a town in the U.S. state of Massachusetts and the county seat of Barnstable County. Barnstable is the largest community, both in land area and population, on Cape Cod, and is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalit ...
Bathsheba Lothropp, baptised 27 February 1641/42 in Barnstable, MA
Elizabeth Lothropp, born about 1643
Captain John Lothropp, baptised 18 May 1645 in Barnstable, MA
Unnamed son, buried 25 January 1649/50 in Barnstable. Died immediately after birth.

Descendants

Lothropp's direct descendants in America and elsewhere number more than 80,000, including: *Rev. John Lathrop (1740-1816), great-great-grandson; congregationalist Boston minister *Rev. R.A. Torrey *Rev.

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Presidents of the United States The president of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States, indirectly elected to a four-year term via the Electoral College. The officeholder leads the executive branch of the federal government an ...

: ** Ulysses S. Grant **

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** George H. W. Bush ** George W. Bush * Revolutionary War figure

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* Early leaders of

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** Parley P. Pratt **

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s: **

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** Jon Huntsman, Jr. **

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* US Senator Adlai Stevenson III * Secretary of State

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* CIA Director

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, 6th President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints *

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, 10th President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints * Ezra Taft Benson, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture and 13th President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints * Roman Catholic cardinal

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* Old West gunfighter and lawman

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* Poet

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*Educator, president of

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, and American diplomat Kingman Brewster, Jr. *Historian, College Administrator, and president of

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, father of the

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* Historical,

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and

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* Physician, author

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* Co-founder of Stanford University

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* Author and doctor

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and his son, US Supreme Court Justice

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* Novelist

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* Founder of Post Cereal Company

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* Founder of

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* Founder of

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Alfred Carl Fuller * Founder of University of Chicago Law School, Founder of the Harvard Law Review, and Royall Professor of Law at Harvard University Law School,

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* Financier

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* The Allred family, including actor

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and polygamist sect leaders and brothers Rulon C. Allred and Owen A. Allred * Actresses Dina Merrill, Shirley Temple,

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and

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and her brother actor

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. * Actors

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and

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* Singer

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of The Backstreet Boys and his younger brother

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Family tree

Bibliography

* Huntington, Rev E. B., A.M. "''A Genealogical Memoir of the Lo-Lathrop Family in this country embracing as far as known the descendants of The Rev. John Lothropp of Scituate and Barnstable, Mass., and Mark Lothrop of Salem and Bridgewater, Mass. the first generation of descendants of other names.''" ; Ridgefield Ct. 1884. *Price, Richard. John Lothropp: ''"A Puritan Biography And Genealogy".'' Salt Lake City, Utah, 1984. *Otis, Amos. ''"Genealogical Notes of Barnstable Families"''. 1888. *Holt, Helene ''Exiled : the story of John Lathrop, 1584–1653, a

biographical novel The biographical novel is a genre of novel which provides a fictional account of a contemporary or historical person's life. Like other forms of biographical fiction, details are often trimmed or reimagined to meet the artistic needs of the ficti ...

'' 1987

Notes

External links

Lothropp Foundation

John Lothrop
in Great Migration: Immigrants to New England, 1634-1635.
Sturgis Library History

Notable Descendants of Rev. John Lathrop/Lothropp, Founder of Barnstable, Massachusetts
*

Lathrop history and resources for genealogical research.
Findagrave.com
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lathrop, John 1584 births 1653 deaths Alumni of Queens' College, Cambridge People from the East Riding of Yorkshire American Congregationalist ministers 17th-century English Anglican priests English separatists 17th-century Congregationalist ministers People of colonial Massachusetts People from Barnstable, Massachusetts American city founders Immigrants to Plymouth Colony Clergy from Yorkshire Kingdom of England emigrants to Massachusetts Bay Colony People from Eastwell, Kent