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John IV, Lord of Arkel (also known as ''Jan Herbaren van Arkel''; d. 5 May 1360) was Lord of Arkel from 1326 until his death.


Life

He was the son of John III and his wife, Mabelia of Voorne. Shortly after his father died, John IV became a councillor at the court of Count
William IV William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded hi ...
of
Holland Holland is a geographical regionG. Geerts & H. Heestermans, 1981, ''Groot Woordenboek der Nederlandse Taal. Deel I'', Van Dale Lexicografie, Utrecht, p 1105 and former provinces of the Netherlands, province on the western coast of the Netherland ...
. When his half-brother
John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second E ...
was elected Bishop of
Utrecht Utrecht ( ; ; ) is the List of cities in the Netherlands by province, fourth-largest city of the Netherlands, as well as the capital and the most populous city of the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of Utrecht (province), Utrecht. The ...
, John IV withdrew from the court. Nevertheless, his influence continued to grow as he acquired more territory. This changed after William IV died during the
Battle of Warns The Battle of Warns (; ) was a battle of the Friso-Hollandic Wars between Count William II, Count of Hainaut, William IV of Holland and the Frisians which took place on 26 September 1345. The annual commemoration of the battle is important for m ...
in 1345. Tensions between the van Arkel and van Duivenvoorde families increased when
William of Duivenvoorde Willem van Duvenvoorde or van Duvoorde ( – 12 August 1353), also known as Willem Snikkerieme, was a nobleman and financier who served as a financial and political adviser to four successive counts and countesses of Hainaut and Holland. Biograph ...
obtained an influential position at the court of Countess Margaret of Holland. John IV then joined the opposing side, which was led by Margaret's son
William V William V may refer to: * William V, Duke of Aquitaine (969–1030) * William V of Montpellier (1075–1121) * William V, Marquess of Montferrat (1191) * William V, Count of Nevers (before 11751181) * William V, Duke of Jülich (1299–1361) * Will ...
. He supported his half-brother with a loan when he later had a conflict with the
Oversticht Overijssel (; ; ; ) is a province of the Netherlands located in the eastern part of the country. The province's name comes from the perspective of the Episcopal principality of Utrecht, which held the territory until 1528. The capital city of ...
area. He supported Duke Reginald III of Guelders during the siege of
Tiel Tiel () is a Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality and a town in the middle of the Netherlands. The town is enclosed by the Waal (river), Waal river and the Linge river to the South and the North, and the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal to the Eas ...
in 1350. As the conflict between Margaret and William V escalated, John IV continued to support William V. William enfeoffed the Lordships of
Haastrecht Haastrecht is a small city on the Hollandse IJssel river in the Netherlands, Dutch province of South Holland. It is a part of the municipality of Krimpenerwaard, and lies about 5 km east of Gouda, South Holland, Gouda. In 2001, the city of Ha ...
and of the Lek to John IV. He created an alliance with Gerard III van Heemskerk, Ghisbert II of Nijenrode and John I of Egmond against Margaret's supporters. This triggered the
Hook and Cod wars The Hook and Cod wars (; sometimes semi-anglicised as the wars of the Hoecks and the Cabbeljaws) comprise a series of wars and battles in the County of Holland between 1350 and 1490. Most of these wars were fought over who should hold the title ...
. John IV played an important role in the early battles during this war. He fought in the
Battle of Zwartewaal The Battle of Zwartewaal (or Battle near Vlaardingen) was a decisive naval battle during the Hook and Cod wars. Context The first phase of the Hook and Cod wars was fought between William I, Duke of Bavaria and his mother Margaret, Counte ...
in 1351 and led the Cod troops during the Siege of Geertruidenberg. In 1355 William V made peace with the Hook faction and forced John IV to give up some of his land. This led to a conflict that lasted until 1359, when John received some new fiefs as compensation. In 1358, William V was deposed by his brother
Albert Albert may refer to: Companies * Albert Computers, Inc., a computer manufacturer in the 1980s * Albert Czech Republic, a supermarket chain in the Czech Republic * Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in the Netherlands * Albert Market, a street mar ...
, who locked up William in the grounds that he had become insane. John IV opposed Albert, preferring that William's wife,
Matilda Matilda or Mathilda may refer to: Animals * Matilda (chicken) (1990–2006), World's Oldest Living Chicken record holder * Mathilda (gastropod), ''Mathilda'' (gastropod), a genus of gastropods in the family Mathildidae * Matilda (horse) (1824–1 ...
, should become
regent In a monarchy, a regent () is a person appointed to govern a state because the actual monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge their powers and duties, or the throne is vacant and a new monarch has not yet been dete ...
. Nevertheless, John IV made peace with Albert shortly afterwards. John IV died on 5 May 1360, and was succeeded by his son
Otto Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants '' Audo'', '' Odo'', '' Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorded fr ...
.


Marriage and issue

In 1327, John IV married Irmgard, a daughter of Count Otto of Cleves. This marriage brought a lot of prestige for the van Arkel family.
William IV William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death in 1837. The third son of George III, William succeeded hi ...
addressed John IV as his ''dear cousin''. John and Irmgard had four children: * Matilda (1330-1381), married William VI of Horne, Lord of
Altena Altena (; Westphalian language, Westphalian: ''Altenoa'') is a town in the district of Märkischer Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The town's castle is the origin for the later Dukes of Berg. Altena is situated on the Lenne river valley, i ...
* John (d. 1352) *
Otto Otto is a masculine German given name and a surname. It originates as an Old High German short form (variants '' Audo'', '' Odo'', '' Udo'') of Germanic names beginning in ''aud-'', an element meaning "wealth, prosperity". The name is recorded fr ...
(1332/1334?-d. 1396), married Elisabeth de Bar de Pierremont * Elisabeth (-1407), married Borre of Haamstede John also had one illegitimate son: * John of Wolferen (b. c. 1345- d. c. 1423)


References

* Frans van Mieris the Younger, ''Groot Charterboek der Graven van Holland'', Leiden, 1753 * ''De vita et rebus gestis dom. de Arkel'', in: Matthaei Raderi et al.: ''Analecta tertiis commentariorum curis ad Martialem jam editis addenda'', manuscript in the
Royal Library of the Netherlands The KB National Library of the Netherlands (legal Dutch name: Koninklijke Bibliotheek or KB ; ''Royal Library'') is the national library of the Netherlands, based in The Hague, founded in 1798. The KB collects everything that is published in ...
, pp. 201 ff, translated as ''Kronycke des lants van Arkel ende der steede van Gorkum'', 16th-century manuscript, Royal Library {{DEFAULTSORT:John 04, Lord of Arkel 14th-century births Year of birth unknown 1360 deaths Lords of Arkel People from South Holland 14th-century nobility from the Holy Roman Empire