John Calvin McCoy (September 28, 1811September 2, 1889) was an American land surveyor, missionary, and entrepreneur. He is considered the "father of Kansas City".

Early life

McCoy was born in Vincennes, Indiana on September 28, 1811. He studied as a land surveyor at Transylvania College in

Lexington, Kentucky Lexington is a Consolidated city-county, consolidated city coterminous with and the county seat of Fayette County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census the city's population was 322,570, making it the List of ...

, during 1826-1827. He accompanied his parents

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and Christiana (Polk) McCoy to Kansas City to perform

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missionary work in 1830. After Isaac's death in 1846, John and Christiana moved back to Jackson County where he continued his business ventures. Christiana died in 1850. A stream in Elkhart County, Indiana and a lake in Cass County, Michigan are named after her.

Career

In 1833, John McCoy built a two-story cabin at what became 444 Westport Road on the northeast corner of Pennsylvania Avenue. He opened a store for travelers on the Santa Fe and

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trails. He named the area West Port because it was the last settlement before travelers ventured into the Territory of Kansas. McCoy's store was four miles from the

Missouri River The Missouri River is a river in the Central United States, Central and Mountain states, Mountain West regions of the United States. The nation's longest, it rises in the eastern Centennial Mountains of the Bitterroot Range of the Rocky Moun ...

in the hills away from the floodplain. He established a dock at a rocky point in the river between Main and Grand Street, which came to be called Westport Landing. He followed a trail that was to become Broadway to reach it. The natural wharf became quite popular but the land surrounding it belonged to farmer Gabriel Prudhomme. After Prudhomme was murdered in 1831, his property was auctioned in 1838 to settle the estate. Fourteen people, including McCoy, bought the property by forming the Town of Kansas Company after the French description of the area, ''chez les Canses'' ("home of the Kansa" Indians). He platted it into 318 lots for sale. In 1853, when the town was officially charted by the state of Missouri, the English pronunciation of the French name was applied to the new City of Kansas, later renamed Kansas City. Due to his sympathies with the

Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America (CSA), also known as the Confederate States (C.S.), the Confederacy, or Dixieland, was an List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies, unrecognized breakaway republic in the Southern United State ...

during the

American Civil War The American Civil War (April 12, 1861May 26, 1865; also known by Names of the American Civil War, other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union (American Civil War), Union ("the North") and the Confederate States of A ...

, he was required to leave Kansas City by General Order No. 11 of 1863. His son Spencer enlisted in the Confederate Army and was killed in June 1863.

Personal life

John married Virginia Christiana Chick (December 20, 1820April 28, 1849) on January 23, 1838. She was the daughter of William Miles Chick (August 31, 1794, in

Virginia Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic (United States), Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States between the East Coast of the United States ...

April 7, 1847, in Kansas City, MO) and Ann Eliza Smith (1796 in Virginia1876 in Kansas City, MO). The McCoys had several children: Josephus (December 6, 1838September 2, 1843), Eleanor (December 2, 1840?), Juliette (February 16, 1842?), Spencer Cone (July 25, 1844January 8, 1863, in

Springfield, Missouri Springfield is the List of cities in Missouri, third most populous city in the U.S. state of Missouri and the county seat of Greene County, Missouri, Greene County. The city's population was 169,176 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 censu ...

as a Confederate soldier), William Chick (February 21, 1846May 12, 1848), Virginia (August 22, 1848?). After Virginia's death, McCoy married Elizabeth Mead Woodson and they had several children.

Death

He was buried in Union Cemetery.

Legacy

A Kansas City Public Library historian said McCoy "single-handedly had the greatest effect on the development of early Kansas City". He founded Westport and is widely regarded as "the father of Kansas City". Pioneer Park is at Westport and Broadway, with a sculpture by Thomas L. Beard of Alexander Majors, John McCoy, and Jim Bridger. Calvin was one of the founders of the Old Settlers' Historical Society, founded in 1871. His daughter, Eleanor (Nelly) McCoy Harris was known as one of Kansas City's first historians and writers.

References

External links

"John Calvin McCoy"
University of Missouri, Kansas City resources * {{DEFAULTSORT:McCoy, John Calvin 1811 births 1889 deaths People from Vincennes, Indiana Transylvania University alumni Businesspeople from Kansas City, Missouri Burials at Union Cemetery, Kansas City, Missouri