Baptist minister John Allen (ca. 1741/2 – sometime in the 1780s), although not well-connected with colonial patriots in

British North America British North America comprised the colonial territories of the British Empire in North America from 1783 onwards. English colonisation of North America began in the 16th century in Newfoundland, then further south at Roanoke and Jamestown, ...

, had an enormous impact on re-igniting the tensions within the Empire in 1772 when he mentioned the Gaspée Affair and the Royal Commission of Inquiry seven times in his Thanksgiving Day sermon at Second Baptist Church in

Boston Boston is the capital and most populous city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city serves as the cultural and Financial centre, financial center of New England, a region of the Northeas ...

. This sermon, ''An Oration, Upon the Beauties of Liberty, Or the Essential Rights of the Americans'', was reprinted seven times in four different cities, making it the sixth most-popular pre-independence pamphlet in British America.

Old World Troubles

In 1764, at age 23, John Allen was ordained and installed as the pastor of the Particular Baptist Church in Petticoat Lane, Spitalfields, London. Like most Baptist ministers, Allen had to earn his livelihood through secular work. He opened a linen-drapers shop in Shoreditch. When his business failed, Allen's debt grew, and he spent some time incarcerated at the King's Bench Prison. When the Petticoat Lane congregation dismissed him he briefly found a new pastorate at Broadstairs, near Newcastle. But in 1767 he was dismissed by the Broadstairs congregation, and in 1768 he returned to London as a schoolteacher. By January 1769 he was again in financial trouble, and he was tried at the Old Bailey for forging a £50 note

Although he was acquitted, this trial destroyed his reputation, and its stigma followed him to Boston.

New World Success

In 1770, Allen published ''The Spirit of Liberty''. Already showing his radical political views and his sympathies for the developing American cause, this pamphlet argued for the return of

John Wilkes John Wilkes (17 October 1725 – 26 December 1797) was an English Radicalism (historical), radical journalist and politician, as well as a magistrate, essayist and soldier. He was first elected a Member of Parliament in 1757. In the Middlese ...

to Parliament and defended the rights of the individual. Most chroniclers believe that he left London for New York in 1771 though Allen did not re-appear in the historical record until 1772. At that time, the Second Baptist Church in Boston was searching for a new teaching elder following Pastor John Davis's leaving due to health issues. Davis knew of Allen and made it clear before he died that he wanted Allen to preach at Second Baptist. The church committee knew something of Allen's reputation in England and so was reluctant to invite him to speak. After some debate, they asked him to give the annual Thanksgiving Day Address. Elder Allen remained as a "visiting pastor" for just nine months, from November 1772 to July 1773. The Second Baptist Church never extended a permanent call to him.

Early Death

As stated above, Allen was not well-connected with other colonial patriots and we do not hear from him again. Some argue that he continued to publish pamphlets into the 1780s; most sources placed his death at age 33 in 1774. The ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' dated his death between 1783-88. Bumsted and Clark argued that it could be as late as 1789.John M. Bumsted and Charles E. Clark, "New England’s Tom Paine: John Allen and the Spirit of Liberty," ''William and Mary Quarterly'' 21 4 (October 1964): 569.

Further Study

* rimary and Secondary Sources for the Gaspee Affair

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Allen, John 1740s births 1780s deaths People of Massachusetts in the American Revolution 1772 in the Thirteen Colonies Clergy in the American Revolution