
Johannes Hoornbeek (4 November 1617,
Haarlem
Haarlem (; predecessor of ''Harlem'' in English language, English) is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Netherlands. It is the capital of the Provinces of the Nether ...
– 23 August 1666,
Leiden
Leiden ( ; ; in English language, English and Archaism, archaic Dutch language, Dutch also Leyden) is a List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in the Provinces of the Nethe ...
), was a
Dutch Reformed
The Dutch Reformed Church (, , abbreviated NHK ) was the largest Christian denomination in the Netherlands from the onset of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century until 1930. It was the traditional denomination of the Dutch royal fami ...
theologian. He was a student and a follower of
Gisbertus Voetius
Gisbertus Voetius ( Latinized version of the Dutch name Gijsbert Voet ; 3 March 1589 – 1 November 1676) was a Dutch Calvinist theologian, pastor, and professor.
Life
He was born at Heusden, in the Dutch Republic, studied at Leiden, and in 16 ...
, writing with him on
spiritual desertion. Like his teacher Voetieus, he was also later a professor of theology at the
University of Leiden
Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; ) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. Established in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange as a Protestant institution, it holds the distinction of being the oldest university in the Neth ...
and
University of Utrecht
Utrecht University (UU; , formerly ''Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht'') is a public research university in Utrecht, Netherlands. Established , it is one of the oldest universities in the Netherlands. In 2023, it had an enrollment of 39,769 students, a ...
. The two universities were closely related in the 17th century, and both the teacher and his students participated in the intellectual "Utrecht Circle." Another member of the circle was Hornbeek's student colleague
Andreas Essenius
Andreas Essenius (February 1618–18 May 1677) was a Dutch Reformed theologian, controversialist and academic. He became professor of theology at the University of Utrecht.
Life
He was born Andreas van Essen in Zaltbommel where he studied Latin a ...
. The circle was also known as ''De Voetiaanse Kring'' (The Voetian Circle), and it was one of the most influential intellectual circles of the
Dutch second Reformation.
Works
Hoornbeck was a writer of polemical works. His many works include:
*''De Conversione Indorum et Gentilum'', libri duo (on the conversion of native populations of Asia and America)
*''Pro Convincendis, et Convertendis Judaeis'', libri octo (on the conversion of the Jews)
He attacked the
Socinians,
Mennonites
Mennonites are a group of Anabaptism, Anabaptist Christianity, Christian communities tracing their roots to the epoch of the Radical Reformation. The name ''Mennonites'' is derived from the cleric Menno Simons (1496–1561) of Friesland, part of ...
, the
Remonstrants
The Remonstrants (or the Remonstrant Brotherhood) is a Protestant movement that split from the Dutch Reformed Church in the early 17th century. The early Remonstrants supported Jacobus Arminius, and after his death, continued to maintain his or ...
and
Cartesians
Cartesianism is the philosophical and scientific system of René Descartes and its subsequent development by other seventeenth century thinkers, most notably François Poullain de la Barre, Nicolas Malebranche and Baruch Spinoza. Descartes is of ...
. A collection of his polemical writing was the ''Summa Controversiarum Religionis; Cum Infidelibus, Hæreticis, Schismaticis: Id Est, Gentilibus, Judæis, Muhammedanis; Papistis, Anabaptistis, Enthusiastis et Libertinis, Socinianis; Remonstrantibus, Lutheranis, Brouvnistis, Græcis'' of 1653 (second edition, 1658). He also wrote "a fierce critique of
Judaism
Judaism () is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic, Monotheism, monotheistic, ethnic religion that comprises the collective spiritual, cultural, and legal traditions of the Jews, Jewish people. Religious Jews regard Judaism as their means of o ...
in general and of the
Kabbalah
Kabbalah or Qabalah ( ; , ; ) is an esoteric method, discipline and school of thought in Jewish mysticism. It forms the foundation of Mysticism, mystical religious interpretations within Judaism. A traditional Kabbalist is called a Mekubbal ...
in particular," advocating the conversion of the Jews to the Dutch Calvinist/Reformed Church. The book ''Tesjubat Jehuda sive pro convicendis et convertendis Judaeis Libri Octo'' was published in Leiden in 1655.
He was painted by
Frans Hals
Frans Hals the Elder (, ; ; – 26 August 1666) was a Dutch Golden Age painter. He lived and worked in Haarlem, a city in which the local authority of the day frowned on religious painting in places of worship but citizens liked to decorate thei ...
.
">"Johannes Hoornbeek" by Frans Hals [Selected Works]
/ref>
Notes
External links
*
1617 births
1666 deaths
Dutch Calvinist and Reformed theologians
17th-century Calvinist and Reformed theologians
People from Haarlem
Academic staff of Leiden University
Academic staff of Utrecht University
Frans Hals
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